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标题: 跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第1章 2013年12月13日 [打印本页]

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作者: 老猫    时间: 2013-12-13 18:37
标题: 跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第1章 2013年12月13日

     今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下：

. O" S2 e9 h7 gmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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) [% J: U9 a5 G8 Z# R( o- q2•1$ ?5 b6 t/ m8 S/ V0 K# ATahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; d& V- _" w7 w4 E" @3 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：5 {) x1 ^5 |9 ]/ H! Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">"% i' n1 W/ b' w6 W9 a* k s2 {6 @ mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 2 b8 Q- Z I2 T0 |" h4 V+ o8 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。8 ` ?6 ]2 c# O+ b& Dcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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; u% _+ Z* F# f/ { mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: " w- R- \7 l% R- m- ^ dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。( z, E7 ^; G7 l" y$ K, V2 l( X mso-font-kerning:0pt">
+ h% m9 `4 k9 g7 |( W w1 ?4 i% mTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; - K; B) o+ T) v! H6 O/ {mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：, W- l& B; U8 V& d% h) Q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 S& w6 }2 U' t mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 8 a6 W6 ]3 d/ ymso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。6 F6 ^. d7 l/ e: G mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

- k5 a# P2 W- l7 W7 q# Tmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？* l" b$ M3 N i4 \! Q color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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! l9 r" m! O Lmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 0 Y b. y% ~# Z B; F4 z/ c' d6 k% TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。6 P) v5 {3 l% `* ]( W+ J mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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0 O+ O3 V. a" P) ^! x. F6 x: N mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 2 Y" o7 r5 c& Q# K6 ?- Y* HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢1 t0 ~* w. t6 D: q: c2 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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3 z: g5 ^+ X" T! m6 [/ W# T3 g 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; / z& {. s7 ~! I, J1 X9 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服; w! [$ {' f5 m8 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ C' ^0 b( o ~7 u' Z' a font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的! h6 l% w1 M; V: P) dmso-font-kerning:0pt">": E+ [) J# e1 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。7 T0 U, l% N; ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">"

j' u2 ]+ O* D# B+ Y) q' O mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：" o- g* O ]$ J! v0pt">

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7 d# y S2 I' I! ~5 K4 ^ 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; - s/ R4 w1 T8 u' Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新6 y) {9 c6 x/ ^4 e9 X8 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">

/ W1 ]) _0 ?' B mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 0 P, x, B7 `! O LTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">好風如水：1 P: N* v; X3 \( U5 b, m 0pt">

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3 F1 Y8 T0 i) Imso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学, z. g1 _1 x$ I( E mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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# n* ?2 _9 U5 ]/ U& vmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：& a% M/ |8 t& z5 t* v2 P 0pt">

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( K) O7 ^# D8 j6 R3 T" L$ A; M mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: ( p, @' [# T7 f$ E/ {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么, Q6 E& S$ v3 W* h! Z7 g* Q mso-font-kerning:0pt">——& u/ U. t9 J/ u" j* w font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 3 L w; q2 E/ L; i& Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？/ E' C- r' i1 s6 d/ ]: B/ |( H6 ~ mso-font-kerning:0pt">——( }$ I8 j; x$ M% K1 i! E$ \1 [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ) |( R, Y$ S3 f" N/ m- }/ mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。2 q, p9 c! w2 c7 N R: Q0pt"> % {6 l( F) @0 m1 uTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; / P: U8 _7 t# g2 G3 D' }9 X, ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”' e$ b5 W! z7 f3 X9 a8 b$ A3 W mso-font-kerning:0pt">——" x- t2 E0 o- Z3 W! \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说) Q% d0 t% `0 G9 X, P7 t mso-font-kerning:0pt">"' }, Z7 W5 a# M! i: A9 z$ U' Y2 [7 gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; & \ `! x+ L$ m& J4 R$ ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。$ N% q' a3 P6 h' P( F4 Y mso-font-kerning:0pt">". }7 {8 w* C1 S9 p E1 j! @$ I6 d font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">本身就包含着德治与法治相结合的观点。- H( v R6 m, G mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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0 j. ]) A1 }! x6 [, b: V: d7 I: ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

1 H6 i& Q6 t3 ^- c mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 4 x7 }4 V+ |# M) ^Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：" Q6 h3 e( U+ z8 S. p 0pt">

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* o0 c2 `( i. F- ~mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以礼仪道德，民治而心服* V0 |0 h! C7 s0 j 0pt">    * o/ j* L7 @) T- Q" M" } font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ; w% T+ C K ]% o4 i4 Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善+ o r7 A K4 B: A& [* `: q mso-font-kerning:0pt">     ' Z+ R- U B, Z+ g& D: t" s {5 x! W. @ mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; $ g' E3 M" [( b8 `; R1 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服7 p. P# e, A- Y9 k! J, |* G 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> * [& J, {/ c1 ymso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ! Y$ k0 L' |! t6 l. [mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊/ i0 m4 Y, S0 m6 p" e( B3 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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3 j7 k' e' b5 I0 Jmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">夕惕若：$ {2 ]0 d( o2 F5 x: [ 0pt">

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# d1 R. E% @' `8 ^* q! Tmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 6 |0 q6 T- {. w9 C W% W# _Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚+ M: t) G* s* Z8 p3 P5 Z3 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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" B1 E$ d1 B: E& w0 x2 ]& s3 p mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: % a, L: `* W0 k$ m! C0 RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">中央从当前领导班子和干部队伍建设的实际出发，突出强调选拔任用干部要坚持德才兼备、以德为先的标准。这一标准既强调了德与才缺一不可，又突出了德的主导作用，强调选人用人要坚持以德为前提、以德为基础、以德为先决条件。干部一旦失去$ N* z+ l& e0 i1 C- l! d* B mso-font-kerning:0pt">“) |, z3 v9 p" r2 |: pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德7 A# o" C! o* I. v: A2 b* Z" Z mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( }" S1 X+ j0 R" F8 h font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就失去了被提拔重用的基本资格。大家一定要深刻领会，并以此作为自己成长进步的正确导向。在当前新形势下，干部的德主要体现在哪些方面呢？一是有坚定的理想信念，这样才能在任何时候、任何环境中，都站在党和人民的立场上想问题、办事情。二是坚持执政为民，这样才能真正做到为民用权、为民谋利、为民守责。三是作风清正廉洁，这样才能堂堂正正做人，干干净净干事，得到群众拥护。我国古代思想家都强调为官从政要以修身为本、正己为先。要成为一名合格的国家公务员，就应当有自觉高尚的道德追求，养成良好的职业操守，敬业奉献，全心全意地服务于国家、社会和人民。' \- K$ i. i" ^' D! Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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: h( s8 ? O1 `+ u: J( t mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: & f) ]* p, Y6 U/ f9 S/ VTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">新手：8 k5 ?* y2 `! M/ l1 o2 G6 A% m0pt">

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" B# x0 Q, B, ? mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子的继承人荀子，明确提出了2 ~0 y4 D2 r5 n$ J0pt">“8 H* x' A/ h" |3 Q3 l Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">隆礼重法% ]0 \6 h, {3 Z) s0 n& H8 N 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ Q" ]% h% ?5 q2 }/ i! H mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">的主张，为我们今天坚持依法治国与以德治国相结合，提供了重要的历史借鉴。青年时期是形成良好思想道德品质的关键时期。尤其是在改革开放和发展社会主义市场经济的条件下，在世界范围各种思想文化交流、交融、交锋更加频繁的情况下，处在人生起步阶段的青年，更要注重培养优良品德，解决好立身做人的问题，为报效祖国、服务人民、奉献社会奠定坚实的思想道德基础。" i, L+ y5 v/ |, X& l mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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3 r) t2 M1 G- Q" d' M$ z# smso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 2 K* \5 |$ c- U0 s- r2 y* L- ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师所言极是，这是最低标准，最高标准的问题！$ _4 K/ z& t$ |! W- I) d0 {+ c mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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5 n0 y$ s$ a3 q5 N* {8 E mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: & t$ W8 l+ E5 dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">失德，我觉得是没有信仰，或者伪信仰。没有信仰，也没有敬畏之心，就没有底线% U7 V \( c5 [8 U9 P+ z4 U" z mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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$ V: G2 M2 x3 l- y+ c6 E+ X7 fmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 7 z5 b' D6 }7 o6 y+ u G/ l; P9 uTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">新手：/ v% A. a# @7 f0 F& s4 h$ u& r4 L( l3 c5 @$ {0pt">

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: ` w' @, p0 [0 |- k/ s' ~! W! A' ^ mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: - E. u7 L. r8 r- _2 ?, @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">三会一课，近十几年运动式的人人过关，党员教育做了很多工作啊！

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* J$ W3 `! ^0 }' J8 ]* I7 A5 t mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: & r, G5 G2 y0 ^2 t& V- I" zTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：0 T4 Y, _9 \1 T) d p9 G: K 0pt">

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8 N: v1 M( o$ Q: ^* q0 rmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: $ q; `4 n$ w+ _# e8 PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">身在兵位，胸为帅谋！兄弟，我是秘书，年纪比领导小，资历比领导浅，阅历没有领导丰富，情况没有领导掌握的多，上头的意图不知道，业务活动不能参加，我能够为领导谋到领导如意，哥哥，那在这种情况下我搞出来的东西能够让领导满意，那我不是神童就是领导肚子里的蛔虫了！我真有这本事，我还来伺候你这个本事不如我的，我下海去了！, U8 M: s' s5 j' \ mso-font-kerning:0pt">——: }; m1 x( K* g. k7 l Q3 i font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; - K6 W' H, M3 H# h* G8 \6 {8 [- Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这话只说对一小部分。在中国历史上，法治和德治如同车之两轮、鸟之双翼，对调整社会关系、维护社会秩序发挥着重要作用，是治理国家的两种根本手段。在) B1 V" v; p: r7 {1 b' u. k0 ]( C, u' Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“, _. m/ k# B" P$ d, P6 G( k font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 8 r( V2 w& h8 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼# D9 ]7 Y y$ O7 U1 ?- A1 p4 W1 w% rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 v: D9 p. l# {* o0 f2 f2 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">与8 R4 `+ w" ]: R( b mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 e/ T$ M- {- l0 {. ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法5 C% O6 K2 @2 z9 A) N4 f+ Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* v% f" y! r3 B* U: I# e9 efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的关系上，荀子继承孔子的观点，认为礼是高于法的。他说：! b+ A g6 G M8 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& L$ p* e. G+ n- q! k+ D2 c/ P7 H9 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; , b6 g i1 a# p6 L* u2 p/ L: s( a3 }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，法之大分，类之纲纪也6 _- b" B1 E5 U) u: ~# Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”(! m9 d0 S7 f# B( ] b font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《荀子# ~: }2 U' E Z- j. ` mso-font-kerning:0pt">.3 a7 ^* z0 |: h font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">劝学》4 k8 F% q' `2 ^/ d8 d6 F8 e4 ? mso-font-kerning:0pt">)8 z4 s2 c% J! c# w' {8 L font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; , p9 T" U6 F; U& X. O) g1 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">、2 t' k* S' e4 T5 f1 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# k9 h; m b$ C4 f9 X$ e* z& R font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; / t3 G2 k) m gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼义生而制法度6 Y: p/ z7 b P( v# A4 O6 Z- O' n mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 m% ?- c3 L) G d9 ^8 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《荀子* Q" h; A: ~) M8 r% t- v# M mso-font-kerning:0pt">.+ Q$ c) m0 }" P. M% M! b9 D9 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">性恶》）。而对于法的重要地位和作用的认识，荀子却突破孔子，吸收春秋以来法家思想的成果，用以改造、充实传统礼学，克服了儒家之礼与法家之法的对立，提出了' N& r7 z4 b% \! R, m4 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt"> “* i, Q: {+ y1 ]# Y& xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">治之经，礼与刑8 A7 x6 F# e2 m. E/ b mso-font-kerning:0pt">” b$ ]% n( s( Q# b1 e font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《荀子. w8 v" w1 E C2 q d3 Z# ]/ Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">•( K+ O$ E: x4 D( F+ h' ~* U font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ; U _+ R' \- N2 {$ Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">成相》）的观点，主张治国应礼法并用。他提出的1 K" S$ y. Z imso-font-kerning:0pt">“# y; m0 Q9 M/ S3 j3 B( r+ L7 Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">隆礼尊贤而王，重法爱民而霸- y/ m. b! {# l( X N mso-font-kerning:0pt">”* s+ A7 f6 m h( F7 V% i( Q font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（* [& ]: K, F5 X mso-font-kerning:0pt"> " s R6 W4 N' z |, B) }+ A font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《荀子1 r% W5 w: T! m: |9 i7 N8 `4 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">•3 Y6 b% t! D; \9 Q4 |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; # Y. K' F- E, ]; ~0 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大略》）的观点，把儒家仁义王道之礼治与法家强力霸道之法治有机结合起来，使两者在政治层面和法律层面上交融互摄，是荀子学术思想的核心内容。荀子认为，不进行礼义教化而单靠刑杀，结果必然是刑罚越来越繁重但却不能制止犯罪；如果只进行教化而放弃刑罚，犯罪的人受不到应有的惩戒，同样不能制止犯罪。只有礼法结合，共同发挥作用，才能收到制止犯罪的效果。荀子关于6 K) g+ I7 i0 n- e: U- t mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 I4 T& A" e* J% c' f font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">隆礼重法/ h) L* d1 b3 @) l2 R9 u mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 m7 o5 P" d+ H, Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; * }6 }/ H0 C2 {5 Z. J/ j5 ?+ n# X% mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的思想，熔儒法为一炉，成为历代统治者维护和巩固国家政权的基本国策。# G; V9 ?7 D$ d0 _- L9 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 n* J) W+ v8 s' umso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: $ v: Y7 w, R- ZTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">破风弃俗：- U7 P% @1 j, |- ] 0pt">

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3 T! m$ U5 h k! }7 A; x. W" F' v mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: ! q, J- I' f( V! W- X# wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">中国的人治，占据历史地位的时间过于长了，我们肃反不反思# a" g& _% ?7 ?& Y! pmso-font-kerning:0pt">," @0 P5 _4 w4 e- f) b( N font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">于是有整风，整风不反思+ e/ a$ e0 S! N5 C1 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">,+ ]* E* s& j9 Z; T- S font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ( D( J, B3 u8 h$ V- T& Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">于是有反右，反右不反思' p5 D' f. _0 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">,* `' \( k# E$ o+ @5 L* U* Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; + ], L# H! e% W8 ]: T2 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">于是有大跃进，大跃进不反思, I/ E" q2 |+ ^6 X mso-font-kerning:0pt">," l+ U8 I5 l( wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; . F7 S6 E) y, E+ G) N: h4 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">于是有文革。到现在，我们难道还不反思吗？出现这些问题是什么原因？真的需要我们的领导人好好考虑了; H5 N, L* r/ n% E2 b& W mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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0 N' S$ \% y3 [8 Z, Z. r) ` Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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* c! I2 G" [5 gmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 7 A! A, q0 f& o. |- U% |, U% |Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">新手：$ u9 u4 J, C7 M" F$ |& q0pt">

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$ j3 ~" g) P* {# ]* H; }2 ?6 f2 P mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">过去，天灾人祸，天子常常来个罪己诏的。( f8 P# V2 I. R4 u) m& | mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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8 N: S5 ~2 D3 Q2 ^6 Omso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">水隼：* r8 j* \# M7 h, g% b0 Q0pt">

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% o: ~5 s0 M( S3 S) c- ?4 s9 dTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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: |3 o9 G6 \6 {1 Lmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: ! ?- \' G! M! R+ {, I( \+ kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个人观点：加强个人道德修养，把德治放在第一位。法治的执行，最终体现在人上。所谓执行力。根本性的东西，需要人去执行。现在我们的制度很多，但执行不敢恭维+ m% {5 G) N& D' z* w% x1 T( O mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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+ G. y3 L% I! [0 \3 J# { z" _mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">夕惕若：+ `& g, w9 a+ n# g) p7 p3 D 0pt">

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: |$ c; n1 c8 `8 e# X9 p3 q* E" ?' ?mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">古人认为，地震的产生是因为地气的郁结，民众有怨气被压制，所以沉郁底下，形成地震，当然，比较说法唯心，大家就当一笑而过。法治是根本，德治是补充 G0 Z6 C" ^0 ^* y9 \- e6 r0 omso-font-kerning:0pt">——% q1 U. g0 @2 R4 z* Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; # K* H3 R4 L9 c4 v& l/ Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不太赞同，德治是目的，教人向善才是政府的目的，而不能当成一种手段。儒家应该是更看重德的方面，法家才看重法的因素，说到荀子，我个人觉得他不是个纯粹意义上的儒家，精纯度不如孟子。孟子才是孔子的真正继承者，荀子的弟子多是法家代表，说不受他影响不太可能5 A. G4 \8 U& K$ H8 y6 o% U# B# B mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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1 h( w$ h" b W, I) J mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: @' \) Y6 S; I+ Q @- X; |! I- dTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我本善良：% s! u0 h5 F- F) F3 u8 _8 `) g! P2 ~) N0pt">

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. _! X; [4 `* h" f3 ^7 s/ c/ S0 kmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">世风日下，中国人多学习孔子的、孟子、荀子的思想对提升国人的素质是大有裨益的; B, e1 t. \# j; r& K% d" ^ mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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+ h& S; g! Y$ Q V! z" M mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: " {. E: r0 H3 [4 W, |6 X0 w' {7 {1 gTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">新手：3 D; r, m, p# }- ?* M5 e t 0pt">

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0 |% s" Q3 G+ ~( x" w" T3 r mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">当文字秘书，必须具备身在兵位，胸为帅谋的自觉性，这是其一。其二，必须具备较高的悟性，善于学习上级方针政策，善于领会领导意图，善于掌握基层实际情况。其三，要有较高的理论和文字功底。否则，还是改行的好。: Z, E, Y' ?8 Y- Y9 l Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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1 s# G: C' _( C! I$ Q: G mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">破风弃俗：9 [7 x- _0 J4 @0pt">

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: @. I; L% \/ _& N F4 Fmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个人观点：现代社会的整体框架应以现代法治和民主为基础，德治伦理应作为法治不及处之补充，法乃与国家而言，德乃与个人而言。; o4 d$ t2 c5 r) J& d6 B: h$ z mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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! O0 i# x& b! E# P( X7 `- K, Lmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: - r- _" z$ Q LTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：/ J: w8 s6 Q# w1 L0pt">

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' J( J; o2 {. t. A( h6 rmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 9 f; b) B$ r* r+ H8 Q6 H aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">秘书也要有德：想领导之所想、忧领导之所忧，是根本要求。% O1 R- X- B% n6 }$ I; t1 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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# @* n6 i* O! C0 E5 { mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: , L; I' R _, C5 A( r. X, {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法治是根本，德治是补充+ Q* w2 g- C; E2 t. ]0pt">——7 i/ w! @/ N( k# N! X; z0 t Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ; C2 y& ?& M$ L8 o% N) smso-font-kerning:0pt">法治与德治，不是根本与补充的关系，两者都是根本性的治国手段。$ s! {8 w [2 G 0pt">

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( D! S3 @5 o' t$ H( Y- fmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">荀子按照知识结构而言当属杂家，按照主要贡献来说当属儒家！

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: P6 |8 D$ {3 o! w3 ~' B4 |mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 7 J6 f! ^6 g( k' b+ c, ATahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：6 y/ f g5 M7 T4 V7 R: j0pt">

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: `9 M3 \; S8 p4 Nmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: % S: }' h$ z4 v% xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法乃与国家而言，德乃与个人而言。- L* C2 ?2 O0 G4 q/ D+ ]% r/ rmso-font-kerning:0pt">——& @4 V8 z D) ]. } font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这个观点也值得商榷。习总最近说：人无德不立，国无德不兴。德绝非仅仅是个人之事，而是关系一个国家治国方略的大事。古代中国被称为礼仪之邦，就突显了德治的治国方略。, y7 ^2 t) i3 b9 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">

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3 n( l# z9 N; [* bmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老所言有理，但是您说的国之德的内涵应该是什么呢？国之法我认为应该是契约精神，这应该是主流9 O3 l6 d5 J, a: p6 D: mmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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* l! I- L% ~8 R) y! l5 ] mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 5 t- M, X- M0 g* k/ R0 S" nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不敢扶是因为无法，不是因为无德( c* z/ y) C2 O$ K" L" B6 u mso-font-kerning:0pt">—— E V0 h. J4 T* b% L E8 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">太推崇法治了。可以扶，可以不扶，怎么选择，是德的修养，不是法的欠缺。德政礼治，需要全社会共同推进，不仅仅是执政者的修养。秀才遇见兵怎么办？8 ~ [7 S9 D. ~# ~" a mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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1 C! l1 Y; ~2 ~2 y. Rmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: . v; o6 {3 D, y7 ?6 w$ r* rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">在+ A5 z4 p( R5 P8 i 0pt">“; n" H# ?6 G8 J: f/ Q+ z Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; {' e: q2 b! w r: ~. ~" imso-font-kerning:0pt">礼( }4 T+ j: o9 \! f( cfont-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 u2 r2 ^6 f0 X4 A9 O0 h1 j9 F; k% G mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 0 {$ L; ]# G" K; x' amso-font-kerning:0pt">与) k8 E0 @1 x& ?' D" r( ]( Ufont-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( O1 b" m# E: \- y' P1 H' e' z mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; , N% {$ m6 D1 H Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">法7 C K3 \- P, ^, Ffont-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 F q* Y% L* x' {+ u mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">的关系上，荀子继承孔子的观点，认为礼是高于法的。1 K9 Q m+ D' H! j0pt">——# O6 _$ b% r* O( jTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">这就奠定了他作为儒家继承人的地位。后世一些儒者不承认这一点，有点门户之见。荀子处战国后期，百家争鸣时代，吸收道、法等各家学术观点，不奇怪，也是儒学发展之必要，必然。国之德的内涵应该是什么呢？8 E7 Y; I" D3 q! ^: Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">——- c/ h4 @3 ]' H4 r; d- U* N font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其内涵具有时代性。当今时代，就是社会主义核心价值体系。其具体化为社会主义核心价值观。十八大报告有表述。十八大报告用# w3 k& M, N3 h! imso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 f7 i: X( {" l+ t+ F! `! I' Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ( x+ Q* O1 G3 s* D9 _3 `+ e4 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">三个倡导: q0 v' V c* u2 F/ x4 Z" Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”# n' \, m2 c8 P( @" W% b. ]2 n/ o' Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">表述了社会主义核心价值观。在国家层面，倡导$ _% J* K- Z" zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ h* @5 U, E; ?- Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">富强、民主、文明、和谐0 R2 L$ G& |+ ~1 ~9 S" ? mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 ]5 R! ~8 l4 m6 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，这' d' u0 y, p n7 ]+ w: Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">8! b9 |: |# y- e& Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个字，是到本世纪中叶建设社会主义现代化国家的发展目标，已经写入党章和宪法，反映了党、国家和人民的共同意志和中华民族伟大复兴的光明愿景，是国家主导价值观，在核心价值观中居于统领地位；在社会层面，倡导, N8 p% ]- w$ P6 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, ?) F/ I4 c& x9 [/ |5 [1 r: `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">自由、平等、公正、法治# u- [ F1 _- U# Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ W( i4 [" Q; c0 h4 S# A( |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; : R# W& v- `, ]% P% K3 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，这! |: M4 ]- V1 T. ?( \7 m/ ^ mso-font-kerning:0pt">8) a( o" s. T+ \ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 6 P+ D2 Y; t/ n; s) Q7 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个字，既是引领现代文明走向的人类共同价值准则和理想社会目标，又是我们党和国家始终追求和奉行的核心价值理念，着眼于确立社会发展的价值导向，在核心价值观中发挥着重要支柱作用；在公民个人层面，倡导, n# E7 Z0 F# k* K1 f7 [/ |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( z( b0 s! B8 |- H/ C font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; & n% }+ ~/ l: J+ g Q! [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">爱国、敬业、诚信、友善 r5 I! ^8 J8 m6 S4 u4 Y7 I3 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 x& a! k% U/ e/ J5 ~% r font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，这7 f; e- @) g0 B3 h# b9 F; J- y6 E' k mso-font-kerning:0pt">8" s' q' {# g* @; |4 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个字，着眼于构建民间社会的底线伦理，是作为价值主体的每个公民所应遵循的根本道德规范，在核心价值观中居于基础地位。社会主义核心价值观的表述，涵盖了社会各界的意见、反映了现阶段全国人民在价值共识上的最大公约数。9 u3 n: b% s2 ]$ z3 h! i5 a! L3 v3 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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作者: 江苏省委秘书    时间: 2013-12-14 13:04
好多领导都喜欢说几句

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作者: 先超君实    时间: 2013-12-15 15:04
贾老师，不愧是儒学精英。

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作者: 秦巴秘书    时间: 2013-12-16 13:56
感谢了，学习了哈！:D

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作者: 夕惕若    时间: 2013-12-16 16:25
听君一席话，胜读十年书啊

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作者: 闽南小秘书    时间: 2013-12-16 16:34
看君一篇文，胜读十年书！

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作者: 揭壹壹    时间: 2013-12-19 21:04
看了老师们的点评和解说，胜读十年书！

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作者: 秦巴秘书    时间: 2014-3-6 10:57
感谢，为什么有乱码啊？

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作者: 中年菜鸟    时间: 2014-3-24 11:27
学习了，受到了很多启发

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