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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网1 \6 |8 V9 I+ T# D# Y- y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。1 U' q0 j; d8 P+ Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：% p/ ]2 x, N* A9 z5 q$ T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第; D4 Q5 P' Z+ O/ R. g8 ~: nmso-font-kerning:0pt">56 u; w8 z( B t' S! J Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ v) R6 X% k, O, ] _) A
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：% g+ j" o- o2 k- t& Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：: a K' R( b ]! ]
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。5 F0 z: { V8 X+ j3 H' W/ Y" H: ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! B X. w: f8 E# J S' _) O
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：, J5 V9 c( j+ g5 r7 N, A/ p
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。% g( {* v% O. f% W4 @
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？6 f- ], q+ _' P V+ vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- a5 ^- Q' t, Pmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;# K. o) q5 c7 h0 y! b
mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：8 _; T$ O1 X3 L1 P" [
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。: _8 d+ o2 g5 [5 ycolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。# o# i& a3 S! Z o
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：+ X. {) m& i+ r7 c10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. v% b' X5 G" U* w/ j; Omso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。9 p' ?. B' S( ~10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( O) O* C) n4 ?( V7 m
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：+ M# B& n, t f# Z* v. b( ^0pt">"+ g) h1 Q8 k8 B- X* V/ a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。( Q E' f( A+ o7 T- c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：, q6 a# a e5 ^. Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">"& u* q* \6 j: F9 E: w, O1 X& J% D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢/ O7 e+ a1 J/ U3 S- W n4 U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：$ S3 Q' |5 A2 Q/ X$ q6 \" A+ M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。" b# R- w' E/ ]/ `, T x( ] l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是( Y( u2 o+ H5 R! N7 e! R; Q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ {* K: Q8 g8 r, L1 M9 }$ u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违9 p+ j, N" M( b* h5 j$ b' w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得: E+ M, {4 Q6 u0 a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违$ k3 X1 c3 h# umso-font-kerning:0pt">”% l: e* k4 v2 I" Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲/ O5 C! `. B5 R3 k3 b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违* a; C9 j# e) B( A \( nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" A5 Z; o7 _/ o! h1 _+ x; pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼， ^' y8 {+ p9 Q( s. L" m
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 r1 N! e/ @0 d2 x% `+ i6 d- a3 X% i3 vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。& S7 s* W) a9 C/ ?" n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。5 l3 \. w! l8 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？2 Q2 h& ]4 N& Z. j9 G
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。+ k9 `& e0 o; @; I- H+ V% {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：5 P M" m2 n. U$ d' ^+ d( ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义. u2 w# K8 v0 c* E3 a6 d
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">更准确些！: v# \7 [( U; r$ Q/ h" ?/ r. q% L/ o7 r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！1 S2 e) b5 [! o: v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。0 j4 ]2 N( j0 k; u7 l$ `
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述$ E5 N# E0 p( t# l. w# A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊; ^" ?5 {2 t( \( Q1 g* mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。8 W5 L; T7 B" V8 l# \
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