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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网. C6 z& w! @( G7 Z# w& S+ h% umso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ+ f# d3 D8 a+ n# ^, M; b4 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。5 Y9 N' s G: Y3 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英:+ T3 p$ E* q7 |$ q' N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第) i5 i* L. U) [$ m
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:% h4 d. u2 g/ @3 w, a) {+ b6 M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。 H, M" C+ t1 M- \3 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* O6 D; L& I; Y) ?% _0 S/ gmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:4 l3 b: ] D- i- n. r3 }( umso-font-kerning:0pt">“# M% W0 f1 t; l, I- j* k
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。7 ~+ F" B* t0 |% W- Lcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. K! U# s! I" N% g9 TTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:$ b8 W+ A* y0 ~9 A7 a, U3 d; U! K% Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 F! h4 f5 ^+ V; B( k, k% P: s A
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?7 b4 j K, ^3 M0 t
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰:0 ^. P- Z/ I% D. {$ t3 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; U+ P; z8 M W2 kmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。1 k4 J/ G4 L% l4 K5 f, I
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。+ W5 W2 \2 {9 f' R+ k Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说: _5 T, _0 ^3 t( h2 C
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。9 Q/ _( ^7 F) @" L/ [# ?10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”& w. _& l0 N5 w9 s* ymso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;& l; S# j* r3 D" i2 A p5 W: J
mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:1 w6 k7 y D# d
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。% T6 f4 i" P! N* m# N4 b4 r9 t; emso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 e) X# I% i2 g( V5 T9 ]. bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 i% G& }5 Q7 h) {5 V
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说: i$ o; V$ L$ Z# r, e8 m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢+ u$ r2 ] m$ F1 ~, x& c
mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 8 @ p/ u F% Z, ]2 Z0 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:. ~2 \: B" G/ g/ \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。9 u u' @# [5 g6 K( O4 b, p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是5 O* _( k9 U' Q$ R4 h1 i) c10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& h4 g+ Z# {0 x' R1 b2 K7 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得4 \0 O* k2 B4 B, n! R2 P. Y, I- t4 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* B* Y- n3 n8 [* r: E0 Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违8 z( [. L& @" ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲" b4 M3 z7 {6 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 i% s0 F( z- q' a" ]$ T) mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违' ^8 B5 d7 o* E6 s9 ?7 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 h7 g. {! E ~/ Z3 j# p' a- d' `
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,8 O7 d2 O2 u6 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。7 Q. e' m0 ?8 umso-font-kerning:0pt">”: p1 y4 h$ D0 v
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。( | }4 h+ M+ B ]/ f/ P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:为什么说以礼事亲才是孝?: U9 F! V# R* m; h O4 \10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。) O* `8 U( N0 ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地:; V2 M- C2 a- @ \. z" A2 l1 |
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义! ^3 s4 r4 ^4 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!1 A0 j" W. T; g' Q7 w/ p ]
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——9 U4 Y) L; }- e! t6 M; ?. k" qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。+ @' K0 ^/ s5 e
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老,昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述6 a: g; y o: A3 S7 l" K8 u
mso-font-kerning:0pt">2( B2 C0 L. z5 e+ D$ C$ A# Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊! `% C% y* Y. x* e, |4 m& c; u8 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。9 G( n/ t) h# T% s0 m. h1 O$ P
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