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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网: @5 o1 b; U% _$ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ# n4 v$ N( j( s4 y8 L; N; Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。2 t. R1 O/ x: R! L- jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：3 S1 w$ X' {8 w! O; hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 L$ E9 U; Z1 i4 T9 E+ L6 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">5) X# r9 \3 Z* v, sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：9 B3 h3 g$ A+ ?& Emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：9 e/ T) D+ R% n6 K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。+ p6 d0 }/ m/ Omso-font-kerning:0pt">”& L4 f8 z$ o5 j; q2 E6 C: Smso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;9 M& z4 I1 _: l: W4 @# A2 n, P
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：; d6 b# d2 y) p, z7 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( B# V8 s. O" g6 D2 N! b+ @8 Z' D
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。7 f& ` M( `" {color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! b I7 T8 D! Z4 k/ @8 U; nTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;! G2 T! }2 z$ U- N
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：+ f* A" s. L; @0 x$ V8 O" p3 ~4 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, W0 ~' {) {9 Emso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;& f" ]/ q# Z Q9 H0 x# @, b+ G# G% W
mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？$ E6 D" v0 c$ t5 C% K2 {+ I( jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 C) ?1 a: G! H. U8 r* c+ r1 {/ T ^mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：+ u/ B! [ }" G0 _0 j
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。5 m+ ?( I2 j) ?/ r' Hcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。/ a2 `5 a" L9 Z) O6 b& c8 u0 n( }5 H7 @
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：; p4 s: f* ~& j$ ^- J
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。2 c, J! U2 j! T6 W1 u
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：+ D' F F# S$ \( a; u q
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mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。: b& v1 y$ h# |! X) v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：4 B, [1 K5 n! Z; Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">"! z4 B" p0 g2 {0 J7 ^3 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢- ^7 c* ~7 j2 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：% w9 }" m" z. f8 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">" U, u, ?1 G' ]$ E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。' c0 A2 v4 C g5 e; Z2 U* g4 _7 s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是, S9 S- r* L8 F* q3 @. M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违9 Q9 N. h9 z4 O# R) }8 \4 W10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”& M k' }" ^+ H+ K wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得& [4 r- X l' qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 z& m6 W( i1 Q `' @9 s# I* G' x
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违5 j% m+ f5 C1 }% v$ k/ c9 H4 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲) n* E: i8 ^5 p3 K$ m9 k& qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% F: X) s! @! N
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违1 _8 z8 |' B9 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ Y. R% X- G0 _9 N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，) ^* j( Y n& r& h: Z, Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“- R! L1 M* c B( L4 I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。- Q- A* J8 s ^% y+ Imso-font-kerning:0pt">”! ]/ P8 w v" }2 @; q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。- {. p5 V! D8 P) @- r, Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？8 l. _% g0 ~7 D5 g' O+ A2 J4 A7 Z10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。* g, k* l2 p5 q' f* v" D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：& T( d9 m/ B+ Y+ Umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义5 L t3 g7 U P, A8 {, \7 e2 @, u, {# bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！ k1 _0 l6 e& d: ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。- {' Y5 [8 E+ Z9 O* gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述( p" Z1 g$ q: R9 `2 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">2" T; v7 N( M7 f* m- ?$ i, H- `
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊- R3 Y N7 y, w( Q/ h+ dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。$ i: I. [; E/ N
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