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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网7 {) j$ q: f% F/ `mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ* k6 z( a. `' B, F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。* k _+ G. f# o: [. |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：, }% H$ E" y m( O. f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第4 A$ v" `) I) |1 e9 e, a, I7 @3 h8 C; o
mso-font-kerning:0pt">5; D T% h+ x- A- Q9 S% ?8 Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：$ Y4 M4 {9 T& s' D4 R1 Z+ Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：3 \' m; L9 X3 q! Q( I) X
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。& @" h7 o* o/ O: P W
mso-font-kerning:0pt">” _' ^5 O7 x {# f7 e' Jmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：5 |2 R' \% K9 T: e# _, Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 |0 D- S/ P0 |( i, B/ V0 J7 |mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。/ O. S& g/ f: u
color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ R) d9 q. B) }6 D2 ~Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：+ z+ \0 m0 A5 N( f: x gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) U% S+ m% P; S! M* G" o1 lmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？5 }4 t8 z) n' r2 p
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mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：* a# c2 C9 j# u. P7 ^3 z. |0 f
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。$ G ^# v4 E( }( @2 x
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。) v- ]! o4 T# K) y0 B9 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：8 K# U( \2 s$ x# B: g10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 g, m' N- f3 o) }3 r9 u% ]6 K5 u( [
mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。; g8 B1 v H& I: b0 u& K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：$ F e7 o) G$ y: B x' m0pt">"1 u9 d/ r' G/ S0 N; [
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。. F/ V( \; j% u/ w T' M8 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">" j( b$ s' ~/ R! E7 N5 U( f2 T
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 D* ~+ N, ]! I9 t' |9 h
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：- D1 N! r% r4 M
mso-font-kerning:0pt">"8 I) C; Y5 q( Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢, N. E) M" w! G Z* c) S1 a8 G
mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 5 I+ [5 g4 `5 |* }, [$ o: _2 Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：) U9 M4 ~0 G; D+ G
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& j2 a: q& u8 v8 w. a: Y# {
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。/ e4 G/ L! w% M$ W) \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是- {! W, x2 h8 k- \6 R* I10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 O$ X4 r5 i& `; E1 [' V) g) h* X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违, }( |9 r! X* ?4 E/ y5 u10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ R6 t9 U2 d S7 k
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得& N% a7 C3 X1 a Z
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: E$ d3 y/ |8 I. ?% X
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违- V: k$ w( _6 d+ f% tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. f; ?* K. A; X; v
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲! P4 v; x# {# }, z" G
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: b4 l7 E' N# v; s) h! s; K' Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违: B1 K# v y+ l1 f- w
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 u* L2 {* ?; ~! _' Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，4 O% h3 @! y- f. m
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ a$ r* o) E- ?+ m! ^9 w+ Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! \% y9 C, o# H- a) _
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。2 n: c9 {1 O- Z3 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" b) q3 F2 c) l! q ?2 a. T
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: l4 A" |4 n& x" g1 S
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。: A; a. E6 S. I( [- V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？" y3 {4 C7 [) ^7 |+ j0 ~' J10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。2 L Q) S+ \3 E! V* E. O, L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地： F& ^- T; D6 z
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mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义5 `+ `" G; q" b6 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！% y1 V/ T3 P# v5 D( r# |
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 L0 w0 ^5 |0 b8 d: U8 v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。& W! |' x6 k3 C" [ n& [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">夕惕若：8 Z0 q" O: K: m$ [' N0 Z7 V" V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述3 g/ o. E# T+ cmso-font-kerning:0pt">2( K6 }' \, Y+ o& u* ~
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊$ R1 j& A/ v$ {6 X* S
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mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。, ^$ U. U% M8 C1 [2 r( _2 P
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