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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： , P" d/ D7 V" Y3 ?8 Tmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第5 l" ^% s) }1 c% a, t* ?/ w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。; c1 c) V2 @. K' a) M/ \/ B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。! Q# Z6 Y( @( d1 smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 `/ T# [4 q bmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。; b) |0 F" L2 u/ S% ~0 R& {
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& {, s! F# v) @3 fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。. |7 Z: _) E0 y& R7 V% {# ?! O
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服" O' B* {. V" u& L: F
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢1 l+ l6 B1 h+ p; E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的/ Z7 T( C0 h/ Q0 `! Y1 T/ K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。. E8 N7 Y# t7 W' Z2 l& s) d2 h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学! t; N! j# Q5 P0 b+ V% c! w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么+ r5 c1 X( l3 v5 B
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8 ~; D0 F; G/ b# x0 C5 |7 @# o5 ], QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚* q8 {6 q7 J1 f! U% P2 ^* \
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2 m# {3 b3 n) Y) c, F0 YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！( g% \0 q% e* w
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8 [; J8 v; ~7 I0 u* K$ P$ W! |" @" z. @5 m% VTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Leslie( ?* G( J0 q" l; N* r' U7 L10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& ~* u+ r8 B2 s
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假+ A! a3 v4 i+ ^- b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是- V6 r! V9 K/ @; r( ~4 F$ M$ Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 m- E3 Z' Y3 d9 Q; Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。( E) k1 g1 s" J3 M& x# o. A
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& D6 [ \+ @4 k: ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴* d9 W8 N: _3 @; Z2 k' Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ Z5 K* A3 O* }$ I0 Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( `8 _% C+ P7 U( s5 O W
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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