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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： % a4 u2 I1 O6 Z. q1 h" xmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:/ r; V( ~* p8 c8 s4 j0 |
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5 B2 g% d! \. q. \) }: F6 MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第9 F9 U5 c4 C+ B9 D+ {8 E
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：1 N: d4 Q0 `2 ~, h% Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 q0 t) t) A' @' X: A$ K1 E# {mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;6 \3 L- ]" b5 `% q/ G$ _4 k
mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。& [8 |2 X3 I5 P9 r" N$ ~; t
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) C! ?/ n" r7 t- Q" `2 J; ~Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。+ F6 u% e3 o1 l* e F0 U- i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。, v: C* A6 l% }, ^5 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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' f4 q6 H' o: c9 Y6 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？! H. x6 c( D! Z5 D
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。/ g. j. N' e }8 r( [& \, I" o0 }6 n5 _
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! n/ g" x2 |+ d9 L+ x8 QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服- Y J9 _' L& R. b, cmso-font-kerning:0pt"> b# z% N# Z% K* I
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# y+ H& D1 y* R& Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的" M* c9 s* _4 L' r# _4 f7 O! hmso-font-kerning:0pt">"/ d1 `6 h' O! C4 Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ^, d9 ?1 c$ H# R" p
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5 R: z# h8 H4 E/ Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新* ]& f0 y7 X( N' L
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白* ]9 R4 B( U8 ?8 s5 ^! s4 ?
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学4 `$ m" P; O, H+ X. K2 b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？1 f3 K/ s9 m( `3 S" u Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">——. c' ^# W6 L1 Q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚5 V" _6 g9 s3 [. N1 w7 K
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* F& R* _" N0 _* a# vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！/ o: }& l" ]0 _ Cmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ( G! s5 y2 \. r0 v8 D: V5 F8 c& m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假: w: u/ Z, Y$ l( I8 B, T8 b/ A. a# Q0 T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是; _2 g1 [% h) C8 r: U
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9 V6 z" h5 Y) G0 A, O8 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题) C4 ?- w2 n0 e8 d% Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 c1 \& k m# H# L( Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# ?8 X4 x, I/ B6 \7 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。) c+ e" j5 ]& F' ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 k i- H3 e6 ?% c# E; B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴5 t: o% a& W$ G* x
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; \! _# X4 t5 `0 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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