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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第& r7 \: e+ p& t1 |0 D3 _+ rmso-font-kerning:0pt">2# G0 W! f5 V& K) Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。) m) z5 n+ a$ a/ Imso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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. l( s- t6 |( K, R- @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。7 x5 n! i) n- `/ S, c; R7 _
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$ [- d5 i6 I7 {. rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经0 ?9 f& r) m' q7 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">•, L9 a' Z# i6 \& \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。7 \- X5 Q: V: F; `* Z2 R' jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是# j* u. B- o% H* y7 O0pt">‘) c- y) ?: a; K. K# d( D) D! VTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;/ {5 U3 h9 m. d7 ~- Z& S: i
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; o8 c, k: _* OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？% [! Z8 }2 y/ |& |% f6 {+ r' W& e0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，/ |( {0 o+ |9 g# Amso-font-kerning:0pt">"4 y2 L+ h# ?' o8 d( |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 W9 z5 Q$ t9 c- N7 ]- K1 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。: h, G& J" c& y6 D4 n0 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt"> / U; G: z$ A3 i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐# I0 V; A% S/ C5 U
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) K1 F1 e; n. p* z' ymso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种! }6 K& k ? p% }- r) W) B
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2 [" y$ [- A" R8 H7 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的% R( g, S! Z9 omso-font-kerning:0pt">“! u, n% l) t5 @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，9 u& a2 i& ^5 i- o2 i" S7 I
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6 q Q3 U9 v5 ]0 U8 X( f; R0 R+ ~$ omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教* B- s, j0 U/ l% j8 t9 }
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& e5 d9 {7 f( }: c; T" m( Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。# P# ?& S# b( p8 M! b/ G) amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 \) s, c) N$ [/ k! YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌 R4 ~& d \2 @/ X2 `3 `+ M: X
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7 p& Q( O9 u* O& d8 `, ]! A% Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视$ h- s& N, t, l. S6 c# u l1 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ [& k' ~) ^: Y) ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" S5 y. ?# ~2 v( D3 a( G3 J1 E
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9 K6 P h. e; j, Z( N2 W4 d7 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：) b/ d1 N3 w( e M7 A. c) X
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# r3 n O& L' {0 {) t/ umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。7 q: z9 {* M8 K: _0 k7 h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语9 z. b+ c" v1 k O7 D3 z) Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">•; Q1 e( w) |2 Q) P* mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 R4 C; g; a3 ~! z+ x/ hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）. b _0 C2 K0 R9 r6 s1 r8 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 Y+ u8 x4 B" \- A1 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ R- p: N2 B; j. G) c+ U5 n7 j
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。5 {/ Y( P ~. y7 q/ I
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) D9 O U; \- y$ A* H0 o. Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语 x8 f$ L1 y& wmso-font-kerning:0pt">•5 P" V9 ]6 q5 M; y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过4 `; l: N* C& M; ~- R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨 i1 Y; T' A2 L/ ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">”# Q9 Z" i' ]7 _+ M' ^% L
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0 O/ {" o% B, y3 B7 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪2 g5 G* P$ [! \! Z/ s+ ~. X2 l$ Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 ?5 G1 T4 t1 p7 S7 N5 H) R$ q6 e
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。 L4 X$ r3 W/ w& Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">"; k/ ~0 N* m; `; gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# N) j. p7 y. vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。* Q5 o- `0 e2 x' ~; S: Q
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5 S1 k# }% W+ q, Z: @! lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。7 W1 d7 d& T7 j6 ^9 V7 l$ E
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. L; b* @4 ]; S7 }. smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃* i4 U6 |7 _, `# v9 S5 T
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. t: A5 N% T2 P- @3 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批- A& ]3 k) y& y8 d4 _4 w5 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! \# ]4 E5 x+ j8 B6 |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 A- f4 Y( u2 n! T R
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”! s; m# {, m1 A G; ]
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3 h0 M1 f; B2 c: M( smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。2 z! H: c8 F/ t/ q, M" p8 Amso-font-kerning:0pt"> ( I( N$ U' i6 t. L$ N6 @8 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。% m' D6 U$ o) u; r# E' |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”) L4 Y- t) p8 ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于6 x6 B. l |$ ^1 ]* V1 ~0 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“- m8 H# u4 L7 F! Z3 F% O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观' Y5 @6 |: S0 D, `% Imso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 U: `4 W3 ]/ r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群1 {; R) O( e6 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- N2 f* n3 w E0 A3 d
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! D j* Y% K3 n6 I% D6 a$ J7 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨4 U$ B' r4 I) N. [: Imso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 K4 s% F& ~8 u1 u& L7 yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ b; K" I, `( smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓3 R$ \7 G S: O5 C
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! N# t, G; }7 k+ ^: \1 C; k- y% Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓" \; C7 \/ H" I& qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- Z! ?7 v6 ^0 f# Y9 I% s1 Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% J- X" k+ v- r) r, v/ Y- a- r0 }* mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观3 G* a2 |2 b1 B% M) D+ s7 \8 E
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& T# J: m5 i; ^% x$ j- Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓8 N& j; Y9 @: M" F6 O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群6 U: A) N; o) p$ j n Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 }: b( z9 t) k. a! q: Z0 lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% }% ]* v0 B- _7 {/ G- wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓; v0 F( k9 M; i6 omso-font-kerning:0pt">“" f5 y) W. T, w: c! Q& \5 Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 l8 h; \: ]* O8 M; d: Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨5 n/ k4 e# b% C: y) gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 h6 B( a% ~; bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ }. \( g" l/ |( W) T
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼0 _8 @. d2 d) t/ l) ~6 i* e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤, Q8 x4 e' \+ }7 C; e: T
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! f+ a' f9 z7 K: Y, gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语1 R/ r% c/ V4 g7 {0 O. z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能- p4 u- m$ c6 X* zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. o V& I7 [% t# l. }7 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒 v$ \' l. Q$ ^4 |4 M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹 A) g! t: h6 l$ c/ l
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1 H# u& I( p: w1 `% }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人% }' c# h% G! i& v6 `3 ]* L( C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪& ` W- } j8 ?9 C. E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语# N/ Y. p( X, xmso-font-kerning:0pt">.# h- {9 j4 |8 i' s
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! c# f" L2 b8 n& M0 A+ {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。7 |" m; H/ i' W% b$ F; Q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。6 J. O# E: N: P8 J" {9 T" Y, ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">* t$ X3 a1 [8 r9 Q5 W, _
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* i1 H, Q3 ]6 Q; j/ g: Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用2 L1 {$ x1 t& K( y z' k: w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">啊. ?) T( p5 |6 b3 q& F& F, l
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7 k6 s8 z' L7 W8 {5 ]5 P) D' FTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：5 J- m" y! Q4 Q- i
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( F$ _% E9 N! m2 E% PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理6 l) B0 ^4 l0 `' m
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：; H! d/ U$ Y: l
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。2 Z* R6 `* x. G: D: i
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! i. ]4 O: G7 |! }7 X- t9 ITahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：2 O X0 D& X: d9 p& c- ?0pt"> / q: N* }8 H. Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱1 u7 x. j1 `- M" E# [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' e& U# F! _3 f. f2 L1 i% Y5 |Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">求觉迷者：" e5 _$ S$ Z1 _- [0pt">
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0 K+ ?) a; d' pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧6 K2 n! k8 M/ V. ]/ L {' v
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">好風如水：& I! d3 K W7 `$ F1 y0pt"> . k2 K+ u$ S; r6 Y. n
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等5 D3 r: P8 K1 ]2 R8 G- ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：$ z- H5 |; y) b8 z4 D0 h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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