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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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0 v; s5 a b( O( Z! WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2 w- o, J) K# `7 i
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0 Z( A+ q; c9 Q( K) P. m$ f+ dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章： A. N. C) I- A( Y: tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：% i" c2 L* v0 L( J1 M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。; _) s1 Y4 w: X1 k. j
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- C% a L- y' X* {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。+ k6 G: g' l) d& i8 D" |- p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经& s' L* N1 W0 L; z0 _
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+ y! b) f9 } c7 c- } L' Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。3 R3 H$ x# |/ }* Y) w: F7 F8 Y
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& B# Q/ s+ U; ? T) H2 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？$ e: r, v9 C& x6 R5 R, v, b& A3 a0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，0 g9 `. _3 h# R1 ~& Emso-font-kerning:0pt">"/ G; k" O i0 e6 u0 [. c) }2 y
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0 T9 M g1 \2 j0 _! r/ q: U1 {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：# [5 K, f3 r7 r0pt">“# L3 c) m9 W% [" F7 |
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐# G: J' `7 x, z6 a3 S
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9 K/ [1 S" C. l2 {% s1 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种& o6 z8 y2 B) O! T9 v+ S. dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) `; A5 o1 f. B" M2 J/ D& m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的- Y. r+ J, N# l6 e* fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ f2 p$ S* k6 i. K* `+ _" ~
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7 J# i% u4 `8 h0 V/ M4 c" zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，& [2 } i7 b' a2 L* W" g' C. S% v9 c
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! R1 X2 P- o7 G) Q4 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教$ A- ]) h5 U% S$ O) vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ P: J% M1 T* [$ V% a8 P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。, L1 A! X# }+ ?" J: }: M) D4 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 ]- l5 _& o- j. |8 l0 c- nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌0 d3 s( l+ T, T+ ]6 L
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7 _: c. y# o$ Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视, i: H5 K" {3 Y$ P1 T5 K- l
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+ `8 |. p9 A& J( nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗8 p- b4 c' S6 x, C6 Y9 Y
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H8 c4 Q+ t* q, ?5 H! f! [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：; X" T; ~6 O& @5 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 Z/ D1 M3 k% E z& Q/ _' Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 C! w# K; a- U' R& _8 |- K
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。+ k1 D. Q9 s ?9 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, m6 j; m) m# q9 e, S: h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语2 @8 J4 b( R( ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">•% u! l" x Y B9 L" ^$ N
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% H5 q: B: h% E0 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）6 Y7 J0 b' D$ m8 Z# C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。2 i0 Y& P/ V* m4 |% S6 B: Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”# D. m( _* W+ L) X$ [6 J. yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* e' p/ j. v6 }" t! D8 W. p- W
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; w- c- o& U" V1 W& G: r( fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过+ E( ~! \9 `2 G9 P
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; X$ Z* A8 H8 `! x; c' Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨% ^* ?1 R! h; o, ]: Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# l* y- s( d/ y3 u' o1 |
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" F6 ?# }; {2 j. Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人0 Z% p; z, h) p) U
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# z. l& R+ f+ ^! ?. ~7 i4 Y8 |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。1 w l2 }8 n; w& @ |. ^' jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# m# I# P- \, c, X8 J) `! Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。9 d, c. A) E5 n
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: |" V% A2 g5 f7 m% u* s& q5 eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。& H4 k. q" X @4 B3 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">——( R% Z- t* T- E; Y+ G
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ F7 a2 `+ l7 e( d% V& r1 T& M, n4 cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃, N9 [4 C5 G' ~" V5 p" m- Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“; m: W/ r$ N1 \2 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( n( o! N5 ^7 F9 X+ h7 K* N
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批( Q1 m4 U8 l) K( \( e
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' E) W2 E) I& o$ ~* gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”, P6 I8 ]* D- _+ u! q7 x/ ~
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2 m# b% h9 b5 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。( }# ^$ x1 A( p# {
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9 e$ ^- r6 j' T+ bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。' |: }2 ?) M& W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于# j. v2 X7 }+ {, a4 w7 \: qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 Y, [2 M0 \. x
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]6 o" t2 z* C+ Y" Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观; y/ S7 e6 _ q) @& ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”% Z3 m* z( z3 J0 |' R! p# R& \" Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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$ a, C* o! m- Y2 h9 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨# r6 L) S6 m$ e* jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 L9 u( `: d" r1 ]% s
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 `" U, E) | ^1 I# n" i9 _7 k R# Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓: z. t% o9 R7 {: Z/ S9 ]2 l; @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 {+ F5 @1 J9 z1 ]- x& l3 W1 v7 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓8 x* o: w' c0 k* ]. r' W- e$ Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“& q1 c% w) }* I
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: A8 k% F+ B6 _2 \6 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观6 C+ D, h7 e* U/ mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 D/ Q c9 Z( G5 L+ B/ }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓3 [/ |: [, U* T" _" l
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* {" }+ l$ O- k! ^) V, f7 C/ @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓! O; |1 Y( @. p: u0 s, R1 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ _' i! T( J2 U o# n. n% M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨: \+ a) J# [: |+ }: v& T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼8 L2 x: x- a3 }2 h$ F* M- }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- y& l' ?, l9 @5 M* ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, ~$ r) `$ r' {- i/ k/ Y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤7 G; o# g$ k' w- hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" F4 C! L l1 O% U
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( c& \& B y! B) Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语, H- f9 W9 V+ ^: X% N" {; wmso-font-kerning:0pt">.' w) e1 @, b) Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 u" ?- h, g+ D6 S6 q) V
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能/ y0 X e7 D( J. l9 W
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( s( ]( n. ~' t9 H/ D8 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒9 a7 _' s% ~6 r6 y
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9 _& i1 b; L3 L2 w# smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹/ K. e2 q9 ]/ T9 E5 {
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/ V; V" q' N" Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人. z3 z& }1 @. G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。/ e' q$ o( L$ `- Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' j& B9 j* x% n! {3 ]% q! TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。# j% k* c2 P$ r W* G
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# f2 y# f j; K+ r5 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用9 N) r: g! o# H, [5 `# v# Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">  + u% y F" D$ G7 e- N+ l u7 T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理/ ~, y9 C& |7 U0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。7 j) W% n# i2 M2 Q1 T, Mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> - {: o3 L/ V4 d. j- r: P
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4 _; J ^; \& V! Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱/ j! a3 _8 G1 j+ y" y" m# Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">求觉迷者：2 Y$ M8 }+ _5 t; n, S$ K5 R0pt"> ) L& v8 L$ q- W: e$ H: D5 |% Z5 E
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧( q* m+ f# r/ m9 l9 P+ }8 s
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等. q/ i( C+ Y7 j
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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