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6 Y( |2 j' [. v i4 w& g( K3 p; WTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网6 v) d, ?3 B' ]/ R4 o
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E. |, g8 L9 F1 L0 c* ?$ \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。1 k8 `. t7 A: {
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! K! U8 H2 E8 J6 Q1 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：( J. ^/ C8 ]$ k" T" X
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$ l u' a0 |3 \+ X% f c; `: n5 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第5 w6 { J) J/ k( _* G* a
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9 C/ z7 M% Q' D# N* g+ r4 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：; O T& h# X7 G( v1 D
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! _- D& G* ^/ B# p5 v! Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：' e( D# ^9 R$ w; f0 h2 D& [3 k5 U
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! v% s4 h, Q4 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。+ T) A0 A. I* e; r& h3 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 a. t3 ^) D% F; d4 n' a# jmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;) R* Y' v9 x" D6 `5 L; @! k8 ]; L8 ~
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：8 k2 q& S/ K" P. v1 _5 h
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。( S' X+ ]( X0 _2 mcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; p3 I& t l, B& l h1 N cTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;& e; ` N- N5 O1 X
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：2 e: h5 W6 }. X N" U* ^# t0 |
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$ B3 V3 r) j. J- ?3 J; H4 T$ nmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？ N/ M: Q( [' \6 J3 }8 amso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 G9 X5 G( Z3 u2 emso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
$ e* L0 h/ T' C& q \; lmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：* d, j! X/ x1 y" f
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。( x& v1 l) T% `color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。3 C; \' v& u6 `/ T* y1 y2 r- K5 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 r# K4 |/ u% Z6 s& v; n+ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：( b. ]; i6 `$ Y+ d10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ h3 x! @" N- R+ k* M, C4 smso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;* {: F& p% v# Y% Y+ f0 c1 \
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。) {7 a5 C( n. K) k3 r
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" c, U0 [1 [* G R5 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：4 L9 O s0 `/ R0pt">"" b' ~7 E! ~" }" i
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- [0 S7 g' @4 j; n* YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。- R* H: ?; x+ g# T0 P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：* l, H9 `. }0 x3 f, Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 s ^/ H* h; d- k% |& m+ Q& wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& q3 s5 w7 L! }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢' i3 u! `7 U( r& T& X/ P: A7 x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：+ j6 e4 i( L2 A0 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">"! O. E M" x- c% {
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& D. w- _0 B# Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。6 g b8 P4 K8 b$ Y3 }3 F/ @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是0 w! I) p1 \6 r( T- y10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 F G z/ C; s$ x# x9 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# N9 e* p, p0 M* `% y4 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违1 Z) o) m, Z4 q! v- A+ O" g5 C10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ [. a, m. ]6 u1 H' A# j7 B2 @6 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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" R! ~ K' ?1 N9 omso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得6 d* ?1 F5 \8 ~% q4 M. X) C# E3 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 w" [" {0 h+ B$ m6 x/ t
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5 W3 D- D, ^$ S0 Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲6 f1 a( |: U8 ]3 J a3 imso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 q! X& ?0 k2 [% Z% t8 z3 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，# z- ^" u8 E0 i- V1 i* l4 I+ vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. [. K; A% N5 n, O6 Y
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( a' Z$ h4 U" p3 q8 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。4 X( G# g; @4 x% w: S, f! n' a) ^) u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。- b# N8 E$ F! Q; \5 y6 d& kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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8 a# o2 Y& W8 _% J. ^' U. u2 a$ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。' t6 r3 b8 a9 v/ Z$ v' }
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2 S1 S4 B5 K0 ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义+ w! |* w( q* E" z- }! L
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！( p. L1 f/ Y: Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">——# W+ b- Z" D8 s
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7 F/ z! [ `) g. g& Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。2 O6 K/ W' N* W4 b/ s2 q0 e
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) E+ V. r3 s" \' }8 a( c# RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述+ u) {0 K4 N- }% Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">26 Y* x) f. ]8 u @$ gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: p5 w% r; B! R) b
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊, K/ }+ X% D$ K( |3 {, G! \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 r. ]+ I& r& h3 Q5 r0 W oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。0 u% I9 E* | h- [" ^: N) L9 v
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孝经
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& j$ P6 w0 g* QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。0 z5 {3 ?6 }3 y4 z
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——8 B+ I' M( l6 Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 U; p1 f9 F! i- c$ N. ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。6 |' V# G- X& h: h, ?" |+ {9 _( amso-font-kerning:0pt">——% g( P3 j8 G1 x& X; x1 B; [+ f$ @
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, y- G6 B- Q( V# W; P8 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：! z' w; l) v" Z3 |2 a6 ^- \
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* [' N$ s5 y4 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。4 n* Q5 v0 r2 N3 o4 J2 ?
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& W' e) z; J9 c0 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个6 r- z9 V: t- j c" W0 _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬) G1 Q; v' V2 V0 W/ @$ amso-font-kerning:0pt">”; M- G% M2 z5 C" afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ v% K) ^2 E; s
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为' E3 |( [# |# l9 i* s- mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. L) m. p4 N, v2 u
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- X {) l/ U: V" n) a# ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道5 y& }& Y1 f6 A
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6 _& W- _! P7 Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。& ]- w$ l- B. [; \" @
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d; L' x. }, j. CTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：( j: q9 a1 [; g' P5 F* k- O% d
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" Q- e/ N) C7 ^, bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的! X |/ t6 h9 x* ~, S& n9 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“, R! ?4 l( S4 O. o6 q9 {, o* [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" a! ?- z) X* Q" N: K2 D% s0 Z9 imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺! _, F" `' k3 [) x( Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”, L- r5 ~7 [- _, N, j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思' ]' u6 P0 @- z) O( l. _
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