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/ w( _4 O+ |5 T+ Q9 u7 Z$ h* }mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, 9 ?) t8 H1 L1 [宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, 8 Q& f/ i0 r# w" ?8 n1 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:# x. n0 b* x ~- k3 V( n8 J
"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, ' |/ a4 M* n' j( d$ m宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,) _. u. [. U! H; R7 J" W
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
^2 r m5 D$ z/ P* q" J2 S% m"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。 - w8 f/ v: `% P3 K+ K
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"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, : f O: T8 H; k1 n3 D: ` a9 {宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, + Y' \+ P. u( j% m
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"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, & M) `3 p F/ D! l, E8 n- g& M- Fmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 7 k, y! ?2 ^( f2 s" s% W' |( e5 p宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,. o9 L# @1 o$ A1 K+ j
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0 a8 `5 I+ T# n/ j8 _% U"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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5 |- ?; D+ ?# R. _mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, 2 S$ I" M5 \) w# s, r宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ 7 c$ J7 ?$ ]$ {4 |4 [宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” ( {$ O% E+ ]- |( Q& M- [宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ 5 d. |8 i' m8 ~8 {! P9 ]% l宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” 5 v/ _6 r, p% W0 O! p8 O. x; x
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, 3 U. Y. ]; i; U! D& J) `/ u2 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& z& C) i3 h9 {' |
"Times New Roman"">前者为因, / y0 i/ K/ L3 y, a3 r; p+ y, ]. _3 vmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, " ?0 Q: z9 y9 N* {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& W+ B B( y, |
"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
% Q- G: U ]/ n3 G" m1 v) r: p' E. D/ P a% z2 L/ A% A5 \; }mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, ) `% u9 _( h) W宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, 4 V+ y* Y1 P( r) J. }5 G
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"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, % S# @4 J5 V1 l7 n& n
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: # z8 M: H& T' ] ~7 Q0 {! W
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0 j7 @; P( M2 O3 w0 ], Y"Times New Roman"">“ 1 ?8 a6 P7 |$ H5 y; s' T- m! ^
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? : ]- W$ d1 S' t2 d- V* M; f$ R; @宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” % Q3 s) w- y2 _, x- D' i! p
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, 1 Y1 _: @& O5 ~4 v+ m- [/ s$ b
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"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 ; I; _) m5 U2 T0 B; P
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, * n& Z* X) Q, H& w
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"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,& ~4 u$ j) j1 P4 z1 X: e2 W8 y
) N7 K* i1 c p0 _- [7 t9 [mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, 0 ^0 _, D A R2 P
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' Z+ E, W& U8 t"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, - v) O( C! ~$ Gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 7 t8 }8 \7 C# o. | mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里8 [6 F- ~- O7 Umso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 ' W+ Q, P T q( _/ s! y" V+ dmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(7 _) p7 z+ R/ m$ Z, c宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), ( v1 N4 u3 w( A3 W) ~) x( zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:6 v1 s2 X1 @) z% Q' l
"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用; v, [: k- l/ ^# d2 n12.0pt">, ) i+ |9 V4 b. T: u"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, , u4 `5 z- L4 T+ A1 S' f! ^% q% e
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"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, 2 e- ^0 k* z1 K: O3 z* u, cmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!; e# m% X2 ^3 V1 d
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, * @8 }" Q- w% z9 m; \$ hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: d. L3 x: f. L+ i5 u% p
"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: % C0 ~+ w9 {* |" H9 wmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, / U# F/ q2 {; g! N" k0 j
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, * D" E! [9 C3 Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 M$ L: H$ ^; f# @. p) e( M; f
"Times New Roman"">“ 3 S; A/ ~* q9 u
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”$ ~$ X% v6 s: e& {: f5 U12.0pt"> & C; K+ q+ Q; ^. P9 n"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, N1 i0 [) Q0 e1 ^" X宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 0 z5 g$ U7 V" ?- t
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"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, 5 `! c; f4 ?9 y3 n; D ]9 d
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, % ]- w. [3 f- E9 z4 u
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, 1 ?5 r: o) r/ T
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/ b& T- `) u X* G' c$ a/ m; U+ Q"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ 9 t* M* T& n1 J: R
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” " l% H0 J: m1 _5 B% C
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。 9 K* p9 x6 P: _, c" V/ p+ l. J
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构 ; u! j; c+ V% v6 W& ]8 s) D
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|, W7 J d& ^; L' \' I5 D) w* [ q8 B# s2 E) Lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, & [ Q {4 G$ l! g
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, / v# H+ h; H1 ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:) o- a3 B! C+ }1 b) S( D0 |' N
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
; a& W- w8 N+ S) c; [3 O. b& J* c$ I5 O4 W0 Z" v! t, Amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 2 Y& V8 F4 j$ R7 W, u
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
- Z" n- ?0 s8 O: V: t8 O5 g( l"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,6 D [" `* e0 L: t. u1 h$ k9 G, u
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, 2 t/ b$ |% M9 |3 ^1 U2 _
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"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题# @" S( v1 u, n0 ^" t6 h2 L12.0pt">: - D3 h: U; H. @; F r( r"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: 2 P, t) `2 e l# b% f% s* Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. i9 h( ~% k6 |9 V/ b"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才3 p% Z! {! v) N" C, r* ?6 o12.0pt">, + B6 ^0 E Y9 E/ G: [1 Y2 S
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, ( L# |$ B% U3 [8 _& C1 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* E* u6 Y6 R9 c; d- ?, B7 C
"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; : j% q3 f' Z) o# `( ?/ p7 f
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, & f' p* J. A# }1 S宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, 3 c% N2 ~, |$ V( ?
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"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题) R5 a, o5 c4 ?; `
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, 7 ^9 P: C4 p4 T0 M) b
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"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求! G( J. ?4 a; S0 L9 W
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; M0 A ^8 {; @. w9 v
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' q) B! I9 O" d8 K- c; ?: V' l"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, T; B" M3 w# }9 xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, 9 x; Q- p2 y; I! i8 c$ K
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
# M; L& t% t1 n1 `$ e& x"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统& d+ D3 z1 Q1 B+ L/ Z3 ]; `
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 0 B. K% n: C0 m! G2 f. g, g宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 0 T3 K: s$ g. W" h0 [5 X# `3 k4 f+ N2 y
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"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构 ) C, h7 U: X0 A! G5 v3 q) e) E
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, 7 G; W9 \! G: P3 g- Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:+ Z& ^+ h* x: t- \( @2 E: Q2 d
"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, 6 y' T7 d* }. |
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, 1 u% e7 R/ f2 t& Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' p6 \9 @1 j+ u7 j1 u; E# y. B
"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, 5 T1 ?* p* B: B- I5 U4 `, _ \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:- ?; O1 {" W8 q1 ?2 V/ c. K& O
"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, ! w9 r: h# r3 Amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, # m: g4 `% o0 V* \& z宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: * f8 \7 x r: O4 e* G$ qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ K1 t$ G ^+ a K1 y
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, " I% {# ~, u4 U1 \" |
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, % v! \. z/ Z+ l: Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 Q" `2 c3 X) w& N2 i
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, / l4 X' h5 H9 _% r
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。 : b. a2 Y4 H ^" ~6 k" v5 C
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8 L8 t3 P3 l6 @; \* y2 d% P- R; k# m) t y% h! `! M! vmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,; }( }& n6 z# e' H/ U
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ T8 o6 h. }3 q* P
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定5 | g+ D9 z5 R# Y& w: G
12.0pt">, 2 X5 M3 C7 V/ Q1 b O. ~: R
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, # o o: L4 Y! g8 F2 {) N
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:, ~' x+ ]" ]" [& h
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:3 g* E" O3 i; v$ Pmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, " M: t) }: y) Y. ^$ B9 h
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, ( ?! M6 \+ i/ _5 v: u
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 F6 ~' Z0 y3 `' U
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, ' e! [" A9 Y* x: g$ ?' t
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, 2 F5 D8 E' g; s: ^, ?: r; \2 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
9 r/ S; g) P2 d" U- _2 i+ i- Q: v! w"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: 1 E. z4 U) H9 k8 `% [4 A8 v& \) p宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ 5 _( S; D- k5 j" R E5 [' ~: D宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, ; I: R- q. ~- `1 `! Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" c _# y9 s0 M2 x1 h5 }7 c"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
