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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ! H+ k. x( t7 b3 }) v" w. @mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:7 Y M) o' ?; ]7 h! w* f" k
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0 |' ?3 I5 x1 c; eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第4 s) ^) A, k; d1 p4 O' ~. smso-font-kerning:0pt">19 u) G8 T7 u' N6 E2 D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：; i4 Q' o3 R2 M. N% m" r) E" xmso-font-kerning:0pt">") t# G" t& B: A8 o9 }; D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。4 a0 `' L8 l6 y2 z3 V. Pcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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/ ^' w' I, T4 e& e% d, ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。/ z( ~! M( c9 w7 |) A! E& n
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$ b) o- F4 M0 h& f7 Y( z/ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说： `3 ]6 u" y3 c10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, r+ p7 ~4 k# k- C" f
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3 _% ?$ t0 o, [3 _( rmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。$ ^, \, o2 ]$ o' a# G, R9 t
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？3 r, W1 i3 ^+ }6 ^* N) V# bcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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! U, c# |% N7 g* s/ Q' TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。% V+ T3 Q( x3 m( l
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢. V" y- Y: K. c9 x( m1 q( L+ ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的5 X( ]- d" @! F) n; x2 O+ C/ ~2 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">". h+ z' f8 Q# Z9 K) n3 Z" s/ _
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3 C" H. t; i. A7 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。( J5 q$ p. }" r) U+ o& Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新/ ^6 _6 P& P# I* {5 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白7 A8 g; w P7 g5 a5 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学+ V: Y; M3 W, [
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" R7 c% \2 p* p) WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么4 E- m G" X" v- k1 f6 q, ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——- p" Z" ]* J m/ J. [. X5 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ a: G L( n" v; _4 e
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？% K: G5 D. k* I
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以礼仪道德，民治而心服9 B: S9 r1 l' _& \8 Z3 K9 p
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊% ` m) Z% R: [ xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚6 }$ A7 k2 U8 S9 b5 T8 I
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！, F7 K# a, n' \+ A: X- @5 F4 Q% kmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 A7 M p. n: W3 e- N0 a8 W5 t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假3 X8 v, ?8 w5 K& O, r2 y' a2 Omso-font-kerning:0pt"> A. T0 T$ n! E" Z: b
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! ^1 e. U, w0 DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是. d* Z+ `1 E: T' i+ I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题3 E9 ]0 q5 f1 j' w1 z7 T
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8 F$ Y O' s! s0 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。/ y0 ^' c+ `% A+ U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴0 z {4 R' n; j9 z( ~, i
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4 k4 @, w7 [+ k0 }! y' qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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