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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： : V7 W4 t2 P( n( R+ gmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第6 x4 Y2 Q r( I3 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">16 C, A3 n) i5 i4 ^" }, tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 M; A4 b6 P7 Y2 N
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- a0 S9 G! b# h' V8 a4 T/ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：0 @. B) K2 p( a$ p) bmso-font-kerning:0pt">". J0 ?: }6 [0 [9 g
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! X" S' [1 _, E# V, X, _6 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。: y6 H- v; D8 s. H" }6 hcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。4 s( e8 Y7 T/ o7 w4 A
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2 J/ |3 j0 l) o$ H8 n) R" Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。7 L& |7 N/ h+ Q5 n
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？$ b! d2 T6 n1 ]" C3 x/ V
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! _" |, I! W& J& ^5 B1 j8 ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。6 A3 `; y% g9 b/ E2 R4 \" O) a k
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服1 ?: ^4 W% }1 t; a& p: umso-font-kerning:0pt"> $ P1 \9 A7 R& x
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! P5 b6 ^: }, I) Q! u% ~# eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢) }, o K+ H2 G2 ` X1 ^% O9 ?6 v
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: ~# U$ \' g: J \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服# r4 K* E. U, c. K4 E
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m2 u" p5 M. y, I/ dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。1 M' Q- \: I3 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新; l6 d. z/ Q0 ?7 x! ~& F
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5 v: B) M4 v. G3 }) LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白* I! D! `+ Y( U3 C4 p' kmso-font-kerning:0pt"> # ~1 V- @) Y, z0 D
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学6 z8 w+ n7 ~: }! {
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1 }5 ~1 g3 T7 D! K. VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么8 V8 j! ~* {5 `/ k W5 B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？ q, T1 [4 a2 V7 A$ rmso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 X5 D8 r' K- s+ m9 i7 P |& ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) _; n* Z# I1 d9 p: \- {4 \8 s
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚. C6 l3 T6 t* U" f8 V1 a9 }
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' U' E; n$ Y9 F, S% Z" H% ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！0 O5 u+ n) T8 E8 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 8 J9 f1 m6 z, y P, M/ ^9 r
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& V& B: B2 D! xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假, k$ H$ s% J" O [9 f: F; imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是) j0 o2 N/ N1 ?
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1 k) k, ]3 G ]/ B9 [& k5 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。+ Q5 s" g1 k) D" p# h4 ?
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1 T+ r2 z9 w) V: K/ K/ b+ W* E6 ^3 cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴 g8 m. n1 `+ D# ]/ f Z
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& P$ s5 g" \5 {4 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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