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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第$ E9 X: `. Z1 v3 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。1 y0 i, e( X% b4 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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* f: h5 N$ ^$ q4 W6 h$ LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。& D: s# G( j4 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- A5 _5 D1 n( V M# {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- g, Z3 h5 |1 I0 }& S
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- i2 K: i: K9 r; [- ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经# k- `* F0 M! D) T1 w: a2 D! Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">•+ }) ^ T4 l& p- q: y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。# H: Z+ R* ?8 w n& ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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! \9 T: J, i! Q! T% X' wmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是" w1 {$ N. S: C( r0 J0pt">‘9 J1 I; }& _( O& ^- |* v2 `
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？# I3 V% S) a1 S! L& x, c
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% u: @2 X+ z @6 ]* UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，: N0 G, I ^& C: amso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 C, B5 ^' s g: J
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" t' |1 E, @0 P% Q0 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐 e0 `5 P$ ~: c4 b; K9 j0 k9 I# ^
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种$ H; H$ Q8 w) K" |* C
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' D5 H; A& f' K$ s) c8 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，0 K% B2 |5 O+ O. g `' B$ i( Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 i& W% e+ y( K$ h l9 p; Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- d, @) h2 V+ s5 d7 `5 P
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* G5 F) ~% n0 ]3 c& omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。9 z% ^# q( m: |' x+ u' s
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2 i: r( ~) ?9 t6 c$ [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌" Q1 }: a6 Q% [mso-font-kerning:0pt">305 k. a* `/ S Q! {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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6 M- o0 ?) o. v. i3 G5 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗, \) t0 I6 G6 ?4 ]9 ~- Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ x+ ]# P+ M' Z7 s% I# _& @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) M* v6 Z+ M( g& l- I, F
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4 [3 T! o0 P0 t1 ^! _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）; H K5 }$ `4 f8 |) m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。2 B- k$ ]" d- \, X5 a
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$ h5 j: C9 J% z3 e: u3 b. imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过7 P8 R: z0 V, U: N5 c, ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨( O6 f5 _/ e3 \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。6 c/ ]0 } Y% f1 l0 amso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; Q0 v; G: M9 D# w8 z4 X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。$ {( s/ t% }3 d3 t$ c4 k$ ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">——1 t/ z0 f& E" k6 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
Z! O9 [3 p5 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃9 j; ]2 r3 \" `: E# H$ Y
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/ m5 ]! e( s3 M1 ?* @5 V: ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批, q/ u W, t# c1 T7 d# S2 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”8 a0 }4 G5 R( Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">—— ^* L% z8 ~6 c' h. U% |
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6 D P% j. a2 b+ J; Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。2 H0 q; {, x- g* C6 |. [0 ~; Z
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$ X6 C7 m+ x. B: v1 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。7 B/ C* j5 }" r: `/ A1 t) q$ d+ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ F& t4 \& Y: `4 W! G+ zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: C9 [5 J: ~ K9 |0 t# @* x6 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于" L& c4 _3 U" B+ A \
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5 c: w0 F; U u7 u1 O9 }& [/ xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观& A7 p. {- p7 C) r# L/ s& T, d' ?2 v# kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 K; R4 I. D! i+ [" ]3 Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 O+ O0 V4 @- p$ |. [4 r. o O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓8 a/ u6 P# B% E$ Z# k9 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 k5 v8 B F X/ E( j+ ?2 @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# Y, D( R3 D6 o7 B& T2 X
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴# P1 t) |0 ?8 q2 b) P Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ O: Z5 k2 [1 _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( L, b1 p' C8 D" R- gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓) p0 Y% g' W/ M$ x- R& a: ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“% E9 q5 B. |1 w4 a. o
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- o7 S1 @9 m: u$ Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓7 Y }7 G" G! c$ C2 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ k3 H+ j+ k9 w& w% G6 {8 U7 B0 x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓! q- |" D7 _; I$ n; xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) U# D) h/ f+ K9 s' e4 \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨- q! Z/ Q8 k% g( S" H' W$ H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼9 W/ N" P; {6 b! O! qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 f( V L1 j: qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 C m0 w- [* s+ m. t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语* G2 ~7 P0 m6 _
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3 I6 k5 H- U" u$ @- Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能0 M4 X0 K2 n% xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 m( l7 D" J( n4 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ O- s+ {+ u) t6 T' }0 x9 K8 k3 }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒* l4 I7 v% ?/ \# e: E$ e% dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) |4 a7 e! F7 [, Y
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' w; P" e" g% u& Q0 n- n# X* A/ Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人; H" [2 K8 t$ X) J$ }
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! W6 d* `2 G& D9 v! nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪8 d2 D6 p! I5 r9 w
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6 L0 ~5 r9 k4 b# Z/ amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语6 G, {# o' P, U# |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。0 G' h; l& Q* e+ P4 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。( E0 U) M: ^+ X3 z# u/ E
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* U- C- w; m v" e7 S0 S3 P+ Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">啊: T: K5 w0 c0 j9 `* mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' z2 o1 s+ r: ?1 @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理) G$ K" g# |% }3 V5 X/ g
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2 Z/ Y! d* [( q, b; aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。 }0 D9 l' [& `6 u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱/ G0 A ^& @2 J# W
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0 }& _# c6 Y. s9 f6 m5 L: v; ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧 Y* E i, f+ q. W" P$ n
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' b# C9 t9 Q# X' _/ n5 pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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300x180 AD
