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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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% a7 ?, N: u! ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第$ X2 m! c; b5 W+ z' Smso-font-kerning:0pt">2: C% }% H& x% ?4 \3 Z( \# ~, T: ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：6 _8 V5 \9 C6 ]7 d: {; r3 Z4 j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。& B9 O, A* n7 W* fmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。5 c1 v4 C& i4 O6 M0 p& ?% F" F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经- ?0 `; C$ |% x& V6 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">• |% a% }8 {% B+ @2 A6 o1 i9 w3 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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+ h; _1 j. _- s( _$ lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。' k" e- t3 M4 a( _4 \, i3 o7 s
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。) X/ h4 p. V8 x- F10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？0 O |. j- A! h" D: c$ b0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，# d8 h [' }6 Y# [mso-font-kerning:0pt">"' ~" F( O- q- x e7 b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。9 D4 a8 j: \& i2 K( kmso-font-kerning:0pt"> + k# \ I5 R9 V2 f/ P
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐* J3 B3 @2 H9 n5 ]- r10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 R" h6 R* f9 r8 K: @. rmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;8 |' z7 u; C- ?% A" x$ q- v
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- o0 n6 D( [* k' i, o4 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种. q0 g/ j+ Y, j
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& V7 {& f% A) F, z; `( Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的4 Q$ P" u* S" L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，1 u/ h% w: P$ I/ O: I3 F: I/ N0 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ c, ~5 |5 ]1 ] J5 \/ s; @8 `
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; `( h9 Q, L; Y; @8 i4 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。) n( A1 r+ g9 T- S" |
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌" G4 p7 w' ?; z* p1 g- Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">3056 ^7 x0 m1 P* \& @4 I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视1 L2 H" T/ V. Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 ^ t& N7 q1 L3 h- Y
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) G8 M* _! {8 I2 {" [& Y* ?. mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：! E. a7 i1 E7 C) T8 W( z2 F+ B
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0 o5 D( ]9 K. D* M2 w7 m4 W5 Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。+ w9 i G f& t: ?! S# Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! V# n: A! M# w' [: |# R. |2 u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语. {1 }, \8 B0 P6 k7 H- pmso-font-kerning:0pt">•$ D: j. D! _' F0 G5 T: b
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. {* U+ k; U: _8 d, R/ Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）7 m2 I* Z" s- Z8 g( mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ G3 ?1 ]: S' Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- T8 l6 `2 ~( ]2 o
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。9 z3 J% Z) c! p8 P( V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语4 a; b/ j7 ?* ]& d8 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">•9 g7 L: W' N# ]8 d: M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过6 m. j7 m2 p: \. fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ q) X$ Q: f. a; j) k+ b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨7 V! @( k0 x5 |( z5 ^% Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”' \- y$ l" g3 f4 |
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+ P. L+ A; h! u# Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人1 D" ^/ H! f+ B8 Q( Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 {9 ^- g1 ~% a9 n' W/ K( Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# i, n$ G% d) |' Q. n8 i
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4 W6 @$ c1 [3 j6 b Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。0 }- M( s4 k# F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。6 k& @' h5 x3 p3 `& q1 v7 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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7 H: W2 R6 K' Y7 U$ T2 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。5 {! O! U; `& q |# z% Y( o# ]5 e
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。+ D6 I/ k/ C0 ?* g" u, fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——1 d8 G0 {1 }* K. Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# b4 S. I! j! E; T$ Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃2 o+ F) \ c# D6 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ m+ b6 p/ ]7 @9 A, a- m2 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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8 T, S6 I. s0 ~! M; q X) @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”- u# @' y1 W/ emso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 a! Z) Q- Z0 [: `; o$ ~) a
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[) M3 [ S P) y2 j2 E+ Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。2 C- m! I9 S# Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 e; H+ F$ i5 H; o; Z6 ^( X2 z: q
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* U: x P1 J0 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓 }9 Y9 X$ V: H. j1 P; W/ Y
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+ U. h! E9 l0 o+ K' j/ t) `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓% n5 {3 R0 f% B) U4 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& {$ h' h8 D$ t% ` s! Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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* T6 v* M+ m# s, p& imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓3 W: y ]% @9 f0 s" t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓" U, E% V9 g, Y) ]
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6 p% A- {. z, H1 B! p) Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼7 P- ^. H' A- Z
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# O H9 F5 b6 R/ b# A2 O. t( x) g6 Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语9 I. s5 W' I( f) h. B
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7 T3 l7 K2 S* Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能8 j9 p. B' L7 o/ s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人6 { z. B% r; p* e2 o1 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ f+ w$ N3 v1 N9 B
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# q8 d, t2 V2 ^' Q- V9 @, @, mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。. W5 o% U9 L2 U: t! [& j
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提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
