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: v# X8 r( Z% l7 I. d' c9 `# mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, 7 N+ d/ k) L% i: f! M宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, R1 _( W( ?4 w/ hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:: M8 m: F+ Y) P+ U
"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, $ |$ t( e+ T. N5 B6 q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,- k; R* P: x# c1 K' E, ^, a3 |
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 m1 ~+ p( u$ i- ^6 _+ H i"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, ' ^ r( C% f' o' {& f宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, 9 N# F" t, K, |* C) M$ E
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" x5 q$ Q: F% u+ P"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,$ s0 d2 H# |( w+ ?
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, 4 P" i7 u: u7 I- Z- W5 u5 k
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, : g! Q- F; V" P: w/ ?) u1 h: g6 yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
* M" \, p) G3 ^0 F"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, 9 A3 L: l% d$ Gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, , J) ~9 `1 v9 Z/ |4 u5 _
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。 5 o+ l3 j- Z4 b2 a# P* {1 w, m
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,4 t9 j f" k* c$ d* f9 @
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构 ( p) Q* P8 r ~: q# @3 Q, F
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' s! x5 Q% [5 O. R& vmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, - J5 s8 ~5 U* ?7 q# N
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ # J( O+ J: j) K. |! ~2 q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” 3 Y E; ]: R' K, c' S宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ ( ?/ Q6 c" f9 f9 ~5 U宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” 9 v, L+ G- S( W+ Z宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, L2 G9 u, y2 P8 o% hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& M2 K6 p8 H) C
"Times New Roman"">前者为因, - E5 Y# |. T- Y2 Amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, 2 `( g/ U& ?+ L) V2 Z+ Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:; ?0 q1 b* r0 z
"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
3 {+ A8 V+ D5 s8 s5 R# u6 o- X6 u g0 e. s1 Z8 l" jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, 6 \. M! _0 i' Q w2 O! Y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, & B/ ~# S6 f E( K
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ p5 h# t% g5 j6 i+ R% U/ J* R
"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, * A* ], N# l* |6 k. T& D! T. A9 L宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: 6 Z4 j$ r0 P% `+ X( v; }
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"Times New Roman"">“ - ^2 g1 D6 l, B% w8 P* k' {; ~' b a
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? 3 w% }6 m' ~# A; s8 n) V# g& {宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” C) X) z# J, Z* e& ^8 [. ]宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, 6 v* X ?8 v1 p' L5 Q; \8 [" ]
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9 @& i- L) g* _ D' M"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
3 |8 T# L* u% K# U& a+ _2 ?4 a" [3 M) `3 _- `, `6 e: h$ `- dmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
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6 L+ p' O4 {4 z5 W" q. ~/ m( _$ d. F7 } ?& Xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 / |. h/ M }' ~( B宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, $ p0 P) H7 C# z) ]& d$ _9 X' Z
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" n5 F2 ^: W2 H" i3 r9 A; X. w"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
/ B* w5 F/ d2 C/ E3 k& X) {, [$ a# t" z/ S7 Fmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, 8 I) |& O3 C( a1 L! tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" T$ e ?7 [; S% l
"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, 3 Q- W- T% S4 a0 Zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 # S& }( G# K, p5 s mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里: Z# `8 q) R5 E4 ]! Emso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 1 d, I0 y4 f3 [" A7 P0 ?' u* B7 Tmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(9 J+ c& u, \/ f7 g6 c宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), ' j7 [9 N: [, Z5 A) Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:8 }9 S1 n+ c- I% R7 ^
"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用& D' l3 u) e/ f. T12.0pt">, 9 ?) P1 W! K0 @1 M
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, 6 {+ b- _7 t9 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 r! Y# n9 j1 Q" P"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, 3 z, H: k' c! H8 A& N
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!, b' U3 o7 S- n9 M+ j; @
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 1 u# M- z+ j) P* d% p: C( X) b; Y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:+ O; z! [, H ~7 d( e1 l0 ?
"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: ' h* j9 d$ ?6 d
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, ) \8 J$ E4 R6 \" t7 |( h4 ]9 m宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, 4 n7 Q% s, t4 d: B. xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:3 C2 T3 V% R# q7 H+ t/ ]
"Times New Roman"">“ & v' D3 O! {0 P& k' Z( U
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”1 y' m# z% e# p3 d$ \& B: [
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, 8 s" B) W( d4 x6 @* R/ Y9 K0 K1 \
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 8 U0 s: H& L1 o! g. lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ i+ W$ p# [- x1 k"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, 3 ^; [4 _+ z% A3 i2 ^: R
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, & e2 l3 [% ^* D5 }. ~0 w. R+ \宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, , O# R! g9 _; |1 C/ \
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"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ 6 \( ^$ n+ M# V, I: Q
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” 3 W' ^. {: g' ?! F
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。 * r% A' U) l+ S( b6 m9 L
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, ( h7 e g3 y; _, P& a% b: D9 D: A宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, ) Y( v3 {/ A. Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 h% v$ L% O# T- \4 Z
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,6 Y& C2 O/ U* g; Q7 C2 s
q2 X- i& I! b ]0 umso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, ! f6 h$ t) I* K5 y; P \
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"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,. m; I( |( s: i! \# s1 e u; [宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, \& c/ b+ V+ v- B
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3 O4 J- z- j0 a. d: X( }# v"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题0 q6 g3 p+ x B3 `/ ]$ D8 S d
12.0pt">: ! ?3 P/ y8 `+ P" j% f3 N, y/ t5 N"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: - M: t( ~ ?8 o ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 L% v$ M! W( L9 F C% N"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才4 k! s1 G9 {9 m2 G& R
12.0pt">, 4 L I# L/ y5 M- k2 K7 S: r"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, : `+ P; s: v. p& u- R6 ^) Q/ E* Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 M/ i9 G4 ]9 z% ["Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; . r7 B+ B- V2 f
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, 1 ~5 u, K& K$ m9 [- a' I# B宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, % e. `0 I; l" w# |; tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
J ^" ?3 I* q! r"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题) G2 n" T7 e, i s# C- |( y
12.0pt">; 0 Q- x+ K5 c7 c1 b3 Y" [. v1 O"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, * X, M; c7 w9 H+ [
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"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求5 ?. L2 n) K, a
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; 3 D; e8 c- n1 C
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+ V7 j& q5 _& N2 s1 r"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, ' u5 w4 e3 h- {% D3 o
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, : m j0 A$ i" d( ]# ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ X: a0 y) b# f"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统% c" U( a( |% O O1 h* T
12.0pt">:
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+ [" ?/ ?# O% Z4 e' m7 Z! o/ S7 Z( C& K, c0 X' [2 g5 L `mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ & G; [' ~% p3 q) T6 ?' ?/ _/ g宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” ' w1 f% A# A4 h- i
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 * n; w3 }1 y8 r9 p; @" k# Y
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> 5 t6 E( l& g# }/ J2 H" I宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> 9 D- x7 H4 t3 F) ~- W, y) v
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,
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"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构 8 l) J: ?8 ]" r- P$ X- A% Q
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, ) k# p1 f* N9 j/ j c) [
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
: Y/ T: p& ^6 `" V4 P7 w! _ b"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, % J( R0 ^. l; B+ c
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, ! w6 W" F+ C U
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
, |( k- E) x. ^! E"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,. q' r. s) Z3 o
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, % \% h/ l; a: L. |5 l5 s! h
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j; L# R. a& m" R"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, 9 o4 [* q7 _$ z/ E/ d
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, . g( F/ }( `- m& V3 k/ @宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: 1 K- j! p$ h- V1 N: T8 O- N5 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" k( G+ W/ `5 B. z' | k( T+ W: q
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, . h- p, a8 ~8 r
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, 0 X# n8 U3 _$ D& |; d
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
5 j4 S" R6 a9 f2 V7 D7 r"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, + c: e1 W$ s9 S8 l% }, z' `4 e宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。 6 L$ X7 q7 x4 ^" j& I
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: z5 S* j5 f2 x3 w( \. y1 U$ F7 d, P8 k) V& d4 {7 R, z
8 y% i: V- }/ Z0 |9 ?2 Hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,1 H7 W" J0 X, Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& e6 s# Z3 z3 ~2 D"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定; C8 I" U9 J4 Z8 T$ f/ _& X( P12.0pt">, ) x' m4 l/ z6 S) Q- Y. P"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 0 k4 g. m2 y4 f- s! u
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:- A. X; [5 S D4 _
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如: G& Q2 b5 K+ E; `- ymso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, ) x0 p) A, S1 y) Q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, ) ^' v( c4 H) m! a( C% ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; K$ U5 S& R2 v8 L1 }"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, . Z- o+ J+ G Z* h& l0 |; Omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, 3 I. b% g$ T) l) C# p
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"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: : h! A! l. E8 C( Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ `: I1 N: z" B1 a8 K+ X$ a9 b" y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, 6 J" X) J5 v: l% ]- w9 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
5 H" h/ h y& s1 Y: D. Z"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
