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4 ]; z' [9 Q% z5 X+ q4 K" Y/ F. Lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, 3 J, V# Q @9 S) _; ?9 |; a: c
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, 7 z5 Y+ O9 C) L/ c2 x
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"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, 4 p3 o% b6 m7 X9 L. {$ j
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,8 G$ ?3 K o3 gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% e3 k5 ?$ V+ ]
"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。 ! C P4 i7 b$ Y& Y! T4 p
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! H g6 f; J* V2 g/ ~& k+ zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, 5 h/ }1 y3 W- Z$ K
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, 5 B) X0 L+ J+ a5 u& R, Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 H0 M6 Z% I8 o"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,0 l1 v' y. X' x6 d8 i
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, ( f4 a+ B. p% O3 A
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, ( v* H7 X9 [6 ^3 u/ \
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 W$ D/ z6 U" V5 b1 Y
"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, 6 X# M' I' b, Y* ?: F6 ?# h
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, " u3 F& v* i$ N, ~
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。 5 m1 j% h2 p/ q2 v- R/ C1 E) }
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& z8 m- S- t! Q5 l+ i宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,% P; z, m# ^+ a# F6 x
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:- |/ F t: G; D: N1 r! l" S4 R3 x
"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
/ t* l; ?- Z f, F: o0 X7 m2 h) {7 ^8 r# e4 Z8 r. h$ Q
+ R$ R/ m! z- o2 z7 t" ?
|+ C% h f! f0 F8 z+ W# U* \. f3 U' P
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, " V4 k- I5 M. d- X/ u2 [8 k宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ 2 u& L. @' a$ m$ {! l宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” ; P, A# }6 {( I, n. `6 P0 g* ]: N+ V
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ ) ]0 ?1 c5 [1 Z9 ~. |
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” : N( R; o7 ~- ^ \ F4 T* f' z
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, # k* H3 l# ]. K w- Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 `% h9 R! y. [/ N e
"Times New Roman"">前者为因, 7 S7 v# G: S5 q' H% y; ] R4 e
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, 3 D1 J" @7 h9 W, Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( h+ j( Y$ o D: V6 W( f"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, ; ]; r# n. C* {/ S
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, 7 o% s6 t0 f1 G6 r4 `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" n8 G3 N! \+ u4 s: {; y+ ?
"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, 4 t5 y2 A# t/ S/ b7 t. x宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: 0 a3 x3 W+ a7 C) W
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 [6 v1 Z) {2 Z# M5 l5 B
"Times New Roman"">“ 3 o$ f9 E" H# C- Ymso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? ( Z3 v' I) O3 m D& G* W v宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” 9 z2 g) ~' |0 z0 J) a宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, ; K- E$ T; L! l& j. h) m/ Q, f
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:) e' m# D2 W8 l, T. q1 _; E5 Q7 |
"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
& ^" X6 b) R3 |# j& z+ x% E3 G, {7 l! | }1 X' Ymso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 # P+ q$ N. H$ T9 i9 T宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, - m! [ ~. e. Q, H i1 Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( R0 g# o& F. G8 l, i; M1 i1 ~
"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
8 h$ E4 D0 O2 `/ a5 t# {& p3 O- ~+ o8 c6 j5 I5 f* a' qmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, 6 z5 h" A- ]# H( D+ X
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:! c6 m# K& C' x* r6 ?
"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, 5 I/ A/ x; I9 l
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 " k3 L, \6 A; s4 F
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里/ r3 q. f8 O2 X( O. hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 1 ?' ] F+ X$ D# m* rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(- D. S7 B- G9 r/ G宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), . M$ P) [6 u* c1 ]7 ?) ^0 E
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
, Q! G4 A2 Q3 I4 F; F5 B"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用* H4 G2 N& s+ o8 t8 Y: S0 Z) D12.0pt">, & |- h+ I, v. k- l7 e
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, * r! d V: H2 ^7 O5 ~/ N, v
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ X6 B. b, L9 _% J"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, 9 c6 { P0 _, L7 A1 J2 H4 i. \mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!# f: y- T5 ]) x7 D$ T" D: W. T% v
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 2 B* V% B0 d( }0 k
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* @; ?& X% ~' P2 i5 g
"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: - I: u7 [5 v8 w8 c, \! I9 L
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, ' ^4 L& W% N& w
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, ) ~% O3 k, L* t t Z, k
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
6 N5 ~- g: j) d& J, Y* w3 W$ }+ \2 B"Times New Roman"">“ 0 `1 t* I- m2 n9 N# dmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”) H k1 }8 L7 ^ h7 b7 _
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。
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2 v4 w6 \- r- d: {4 N# {. J* @mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, + _3 n$ k! u9 M2 f4 n. b& v9 U宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 3 J8 k1 j% Z) \8 Q7 n; G- pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:6 D5 u1 U7 l' O) U/ C- d( s
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, F! t5 |4 v/ R/ D9 ?- @$ N
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, ( q0 D7 ~/ s9 c5 S7 b$ ?9 n
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, 4 M8 f1 f+ b- u/ G* h" efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:: k! \: Y2 _9 ~- A5 z9 j
"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ ' h, h8 o: z5 [* h
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” + B& a4 [8 C# ~- T
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,
" Z* P0 V: ^1 A( E# |% y* J* c2 _+ b$ J/ Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:, A7 i0 Q$ N w; Z
"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, ( E. M) T0 ]/ f6 ~宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, ( l3 C! k! _- d; z' Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 A9 f+ X$ ]$ O' A* K. g F% n& T
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
! `1 P. @# z2 Z! F3 ? x' E5 N# t' f" X& k6 v: V
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, - e* ?& X& L7 f9 S6 ?! |+ T
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 ]5 u$ z* K. C" R% n, e+ `"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,1 v B% [/ K% [* h$ q8 P c宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, " E' ?5 F' z6 {7 L7 e4 {1 V9 z
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:+ o$ S3 C$ T% Z1 E' k6 L
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题% B1 E6 [: U! Q7 v% F12.0pt">: + [. a8 a- Z) ]* ?) Y7 Q"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: & _8 o7 ]* o% F4 {+ p. D$ e2 E! yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 Y" B$ f2 S( v& L
"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才( c+ u) m! Y |12.0pt">, 5 g4 p; O6 W( T$ z"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, / v( ^* w8 _0 f) m" a
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ U0 {7 t% e m* V"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; / C. R" ~: n" f! J: t/ ?mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, 8 H# u( a- _( g# y$ `# m( \ g6 @
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, 0 h) u1 n1 O& G% @
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; c4 o% C/ D, ]' ~, s; S0 V3 H! q4 c"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题' l; P9 U5 F2 B4 e6 Q4 w12.0pt">; ( U8 ]: z' m4 Q4 p5 G# E"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, 1 y* n9 a- h4 S; L6 f* Q* H
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"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求. I( P/ P) ]" [1 _6 T, w4 x
12.0pt">: & \/ c; B+ B+ u) ^, w' ^ c
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; 6 L3 X6 {4 t" o0 c4 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 P! ~5 d7 n$ l) ~. [% Y5 f
"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, # z) {9 B U8 x/ Y+ {2 C# g0 }mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, 6 J! [% g( s% W# ^3 |* x" r1 o$ ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" N2 k+ g- K3 Q8 n8 o2 |, S"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统* Z7 v* G6 ^/ B3 s5 ^. F12.0pt">:
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5 h# e% N3 U: h( T* E, Emso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ , E. |& S8 u- q4 l1 J; R
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” % R. X- U4 F' `4 H- k
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕
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7 C0 C6 W0 M4 ^2 ?mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> * j3 {2 q' L; F% \宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
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; `- {* q- j- c, ^ \( j! g9 }9 d, f1 \$ f宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,
3 Z9 d' L; U$ k! E% W/ T, Y1 A0 N) o% H7 V- zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( S, i; S, `7 G! ^
"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构 9 @: n" M; A9 u+ R1 g7 l$ f
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, ( W# F9 f0 E0 T3 V- ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:) _* u( o5 p8 L
"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, 1 |4 u5 I* I) c# `2 G; W: R3 a
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, & I( E* p# _1 Z5 }3 d9 L0 |8 Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:7 c* m Z0 A. a' U2 X
"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, 6 H5 t1 b/ L4 |% e* s. cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:# W# Z- f2 o% h; N
"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, . n, t) Q: S7 n5 l1 y
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, / D: _, V9 s2 }3 D9 ^9 p1 d, p宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: + ]% _& R* F$ n7 ^, {) m
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
) ^0 c4 z& E3 c# e4 y7 k0 Y: s"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, 7 w. h: F- b, d2 W7 Y j6 V$ e
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, - W) ^6 ^) T6 c. Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* i" }0 Y. D' N$ J4 l0 m z
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, 7 K! L; b) Z2 I
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,) C' @1 u2 w! t2 r1 |8 Q7 Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ t5 w" f' F4 O: S$ n/ I"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定; ], X' O C3 I$ U* `$ Z12.0pt">, 5 ?" Z! C4 ~2 Z
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, ) H! j9 f! k" Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ k) K+ I. |2 Q l1 z"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:$ d0 Q: U$ n2 }& w8 w% s5 H) omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, 5 {8 w. W, y) M$ A1 g1 |* W q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, 4 [3 q, J+ t- ]8 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ L. V- v; F& P* Q- C
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, & q* H9 {! e, T& T5 Nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, . }. N* {' q! Y- ~1 H
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 p( b2 E1 A7 s( `
"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: R+ R2 n- ~$ {4 l9 [* s$ d
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ $ x. g/ W' O6 T- K5 q& k
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, " @2 r( G3 o5 w2 y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:# N. F4 Y; j& I1 l% L t \
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
