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) K3 ?4 Q; W6 o7 V UTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网; t0 \6 h! P7 [5 U, B/ umso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ/ N% ^, ?$ ?, W( ~5 {5 q, v# r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。( o7 J9 c6 F/ e2 r. D4 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 o, L( F( @9 g: `5 M8 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第/ J9 d0 D; K' Y5 V6 T
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：; r4 I Q9 i5 J5 b& imso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 a' U3 e6 j7 Smso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
6 U2 A# w* [# ~$ o: B. qmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。' s( i# a& p/ H. |9 M! smso-font-kerning:0pt">”' W. C7 { L7 M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：1 T/ Q! K( m) x# O! u' K: hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 e a$ N) T) c8 n; L7 E% i9 Q- @
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( B8 v8 A# X" P/ o6 E! b, ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。4 V" }; ?# g. }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？# z+ k5 c9 w3 K+ P4 e1 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: R3 I% j. @- G/ v0 xmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;, w+ @' b+ H7 W) F1 Y
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y Y/ M) L3 b1 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。1 }# D2 y: J9 b! g* kcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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2 n* X: J- l) h% r9 B% T3 L% omso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。( t- t* m' |* V1 u$ O% P
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. _- o0 E: E, L: ?2 f+ Amso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：" O' E$ r% k/ M" {2 ~: F
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：9 \3 l& E( K) V6 I$ ?, j( @# C8 [0pt">"- U* |& \" |5 B- f; {
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5 b! {4 V/ z# g" fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。7 R$ O4 \: j0 }; a% b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：. m3 h9 e2 C. U1 n
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% X5 W: @9 m9 @% C2 y. [0 @$ Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢! }. _- ]3 T5 a6 H8 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" % b3 B% [4 k6 H9 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& s+ P+ a& h, j" k5 T" |
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：# Q' ^0 `2 z5 `- F. f$ F2 l( Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">": z+ r. v% Z( S$ W$ n: V! ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 a' r) y- \5 |) x" Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。: U e. h1 g& O. p7 c( Imso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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8 u9 ~6 Q2 `% ?& Q, S% L. _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是) w/ n# e: C/ B3 s
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得) Q5 k$ |3 G& j$ s$ a! a z! lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( L& [2 Z6 e' |# Q1 F& H O* ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 C2 p6 P K N* f
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违: [: i( P, F, `/ [. |3 {6 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. H4 C L! m( E2 [4 Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! i+ Y: A6 D" H( n( |: }% r* s+ u6 N
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲0 ]. H; ]) I! ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，! |8 K" u F$ R( `, _7 |% kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) G( B- f# \1 j! P; h$ o4 zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 z) l' F; v7 N# j$ F# Q2 R
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ ?# [7 ?! Q7 ~$ P
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( p) k" ]# r/ `4 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。$ @4 S! ^$ p; p8 q( \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？) W: {% V4 F4 s6 Z- R4 Q9 U
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。8 ?. c/ {* o' r# J" n L6 D( Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 [8 c+ j8 ^* LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义8 Q E, S2 h1 u3 _" Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！! _) o% P: b7 f) c0 [' B. ~
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——* M* i$ }8 K- W, pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' }% H. M0 w8 n1 b ?2 x4 ?
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。- Y9 I3 @' Y! m. L( A( n) ?
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述7 e, _: K- N' `5 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">2" x/ D9 n1 a, i- V+ V# Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" v* j4 D, o7 ~4 O. ^' q5 v' t% pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊$ ~/ `5 p- y/ J& k8 Y d
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。8 b; S6 Q7 @9 {, ~& j' g7 |& l, Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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3 Z5 Y7 K/ O1 E$ r& i; Z5 @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。1 ?# z) z0 F$ }+ Y2 T, A+ q/ t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。5 E/ ^ c5 _! ]5 W- j, r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：- K! n; O2 {1 R& Z7 g/ w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。) g0 N# t0 j4 ~( Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! ^/ p' s( E# c ]- O: |8 n& nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; d, ?/ |3 n. n, p" I
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个8 i) p- C; H+ y, Z: z \) i& S; s8 f! d( q
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+ d6 M' F( P1 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬 T' L' o6 b/ A( b6 b2 Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为. h6 t1 `8 Z$ h! \6 {1 Z
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9 W( M D9 M- u3 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道1 B: t: I1 B6 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. N0 v' f4 F/ U R* ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。; K) I: n# |: j# ^1 B7 g
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的6 p$ I. K( X1 a: rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ b! R% u h9 B! `$ a& i+ y. ?% Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思) t+ y) N3 U2 {1 }: B5 S
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