跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

2 B6 X8 T) V' A# b% p mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: % S5 o2 ^2 s6 m$ P4 fTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网1 f. u' U5 z; ~9 M mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ- {# Z: ^$ D, B5 O1 c) y/ j font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。- g% R! [ F z% gmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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$ x/ J# a& a1 b- O3 B' { font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 9 r) }3 M; k0 B+ S9 b7 n; ]) u% kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：% K0 \# \" F$ q: A5 \" _. ~4 imso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 B$ L. T* ^3 N4 T; C10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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$ L2 ]4 d* @8 _( f- f: v2 e, R, s font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; - a5 a! ]* B' W; Z _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第3 P2 Z% {* ?$ G$ W( [mso-font-kerning:0pt">57 n" b# k4 }! r( A8 L" F font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：" {4 I7 V9 a( A) E c mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( f4 J5 t, T0 s) Z: Q8 ?2•5 " s6 {2 ~0 O0 v# Q' u Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; " Y, m0 F3 ?4 A I, U9 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：& Q) u# p% ]9 @: F3 ^* ^, p, _ mso-font-kerning:0pt">“# p$ v5 @7 e Q% u) ]; amso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。' C2 f4 }% Z& J# e9 l: [mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 f" `: r- H ]. emso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; q" t( d* w4 h+ l" H: t, Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：* x% r e2 H9 p% Z5 |& H6 w# Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" [2 X# @0 s3 R, U7 amso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 3 ^* p( {7 S0 P. n' Umso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。# v! o% T- ?& ~4 u1 [% X5 J8 P" bcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 [. e8 ~1 N( _% h% f; uTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ( Z4 ~" d( E# b$ b( u: ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：1 p/ J8 ?2 H% z$ p( ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! Q8 B) R6 O* j4 d% l1 r9 N mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ; K( d( x8 O) X; V' fmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？4 e2 s4 d1 z" C9 m1 Q$ Q mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 c" [3 `4 K9 ?5 A: B2 G; Zmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：) ]* _: B1 b& s3 n8 ]* m. Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 g! I2 ?' T) h. |/ _3 omso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。9 Z% C3 @4 y7 E# ~: Q color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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9 [, x# c, n, v$ t Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。, D/ [" X6 S/ Y ]. d$ amso-font-kerning:0pt">

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: C# p' e2 ]& l& S4 h6 } 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
, h- X+ {) t+ H6 Q3 J$ T# F, W+ M5 t- @ Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ! q* g- O: Q) a% w4 Q+ ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：) G3 K0 d4 x! y& N$ S" I10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“) G* e9 p& x. q Z" h1 C: }" Vmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 3 }4 t4 T/ `: d( Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。% P* o! h: u( ~' W4 j10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”* s0 U7 N" M2 S6 nmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：7 e' C& x: n/ {" m% C1 v4 `1 U 0pt">"' G1 Y4 N7 U2 \3 g: Imso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 9 [) o- n: |2 ?8 qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。1 M V- _1 {0 P9 {. O mso-font-kerning:0pt">" Z/ V& y5 H: K; \/ S1 b+ A5 f6 h7 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：& T) N9 o4 a- V# b. q3 b, umso-font-kerning:0pt">"% x; c& i9 X+ Y font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢; l2 J0 y" d5 p. p9 Y) q( A; V3 K7 D mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" # `. M$ }. c7 ~5 E* ?4 sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：2 z8 k! @" ^8 J9 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">"- Z" A8 W# T" a/ P! J9 N$ Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 u; {' l6 P+ `6 y; R( ?2 ]! a1 p: ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。! @( ]: ^+ x' h$ kmso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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% X- Q6 g) S, Z3 F5 B 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 6 o: }; b7 K- j5 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是( m+ Y8 d- `+ W7 L 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& E" C" p: m: F Z Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 x( F7 e* w$ l; Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违& L2 e" t3 y) g3 B& O( j I10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”: }+ y! l- ? P' z3 [) |3 I/ }1 r font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？0 y, ^2 v. P* ^5 e& @5 b6 d. k10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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" D; e) z5 N- l- W6 g& h( m5 _5 Y 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
" l: W7 i: r" I# P0 w9 u% ^ Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 9 L( j2 k) v4 F5 C8 l' ^4 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得0 I! C, j$ [! C3 i+ s5 ]: |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“; B! d4 d! _0 d6 s" Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; . P$ q" c$ @/ q0 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违+ o8 C$ D# c: \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 D- s9 i% y4 R- P$ X, ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; * t( M* T" J) X: I( Y! r3 e# \" Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲. r" h+ C4 J) y- L; r$ C* V3 J8 w+ qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ k! X0 G+ t+ R7 l- q1 k font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 5 j. \$ u4 Z" {' ^4 u/ f Y9 Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违; L& R. g2 X- e0 u; \ mso-font-kerning:0pt">”& s5 ^* @7 ^* c6 Y. Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，, v" K3 t: \/ V, |- {9 v mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( V& y8 L# z! Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; / Q" I R( E, R7 Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。- F8 h! g5 N" e) y mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ y# e$ t" J, Z2 T+ S font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。/ p8 s W+ ~: X' Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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5 t k4 `+ w0 W* s8 `10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
# t# H) a, d% W! c n7 {( s l! j" u* g/ M/ X10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？) ^( H, \/ |* J$ E8 B; J; g' D 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

5 _: a j. o6 ^1 j9 z5 F L10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
3 k, N. A; p& h+ m- H* fTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 4 j3 L# u# r+ Y6 y' emso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。% u* O! ^, y( i1 q0 X. e$ z6 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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2 W- F8 W. H( z. Q ]# U# M mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: ( C1 ] f1 [8 JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义2 V& J. C( d! X3 D8 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- W5 P; V0 p7 Kmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: / O5 c( R3 g+ ^( @* {Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：8 c ]$ H6 J8 w+ d0pt">

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) `" C5 E- Z c6 q5 }9 P# a mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: + G& B9 Q2 @: z4 `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！! g# S7 D% i9 F" e6 g) S mso-font-kerning:0pt">——: S2 `8 {- n$ vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ) e7 _5 t- g8 ~* `' E2 R8 t9 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。' v7 i8 w2 a+ ^ mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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; e7 T, O0 R3 {$ Y7 @5 Z font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">夕惕若：9 j4 B) R, U$ z V: Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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' I1 A7 @% ^- g$ {" k# Q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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$ t9 H5 t& ~2 Q/ M8 r) { G5 ]2 ~mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: & Q5 v& P9 r' Y" ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述5 e: ?" H" ^5 z( z# i& }, jmso-font-kerning:0pt">23 r: g6 g# r0 y- `3 R2 V D font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊2 T" s1 l" R7 G, h8 m9 m1 s# |, [ mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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孝经

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( d7 i% H" x- xmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 3 ^3 a: p4 C* X; ]- RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。& w; b1 a1 N; i Z8 i# i; qmso-font-kerning:0pt">——; W- K$ r+ h- q* J font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ; Y. K/ o" { v. k' e3 F' T3 ^5 w, omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。0 o9 c }8 E% w; N7 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——1 G, u6 U) l. j; f& {$ R3 Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 8 |, ?; Q' z( o; B: C( Z Y5 U# `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：" j! ]5 Q+ \- e; ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“" U( T( ? b) a! }* }: H8 Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。6 R$ @6 o& J# k+ {( smso-font-kerning:0pt">”- z! d, J( ^9 k4 s, n4 r font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ! X+ Q3 V1 E; d' e9 E6 p0 w, w3 v. hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个* }. s/ i* |; ^9 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! P0 N3 n, z" D8 w: _" @/ _9 j font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ) [" ~7 V7 Y& Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬5 F* A# Q: v" c$ G7 smso-font-kerning:0pt">”. Y' r- ] q. ?$ w3 R6 f hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为, B/ J' b* B- |/ m% g7 r8 J# { ~5 R mso-font-kerning:0pt">“" P: b) P2 P; `, u- s font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 6 T% R j# o8 ]6 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道, Q- u$ _1 f+ F- f( \8 F mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; }* W1 C, z( s) s' Z; h( A font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。, Z# \) m' J8 O" k; I6 Q7 Q' ~1 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">

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% }$ X3 i( A4 ?! bmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：7 C/ y, W" y( P8 @: |; {0pt">

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; y" v4 _% o6 ~6 r& c1 c mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的. C+ \4 m5 ^3 C% ?. tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# p. K: {7 h6 l: y) rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺 C7 i& f4 f M# c2 m! A mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" G+ U3 u3 Q7 d0 R! s1 S- _+ a font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思4 k* v0 T7 a9 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服

我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

/ e$ B  S! D* M8 b, \1 I' K贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服