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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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# @. ~& P+ ^9 `/ |5 {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2 C+ N) @# Z7 {2 `
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& b) k% z" @% P5 i. O! Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：. U, {6 Q. A2 p; ^% b7 b/ G0 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">"; d2 n. o) [& |- l% V3 @8 @( h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。* Y' t6 |6 k5 C6 h4 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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" \. R5 R* A8 m& ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。7 t% W ]8 j! d+ Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 H/ u7 C/ ~, r' n" Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 x7 [) [% F, r. I% A! `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">蔽* D. }/ N0 j' \, b' |; S$ ^# p3 m
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/ ~' j I! }- k7 ]2 K2 k% imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经5 L* q# a$ B$ Y' Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">•" ]# f. v* ? o$ zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% s+ y4 C7 v: f$ w+ E! S
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9 v2 Q# [& _. i8 _( R3 k0 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。6 q" r4 \3 D8 u2 r+ F% O% C3 W' \; @) E
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是" W9 W/ |3 j: o# W& o6 Y/ ~0 z9 p0pt">‘' F4 K' I1 |3 F2 \* W) P1 Z( L+ O/ s" k
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。( S2 A* N9 y/ f; k4 o10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’”
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3 [( R5 M' Y( B; f0 i& f' H+ m: kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？% a4 }4 ]: L; y3 E4 L5 y* F
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" C$ ]/ n C- G! A5 U2 w7 j7 u9 eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，) x, B3 x1 Y% y9 o3 E
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6 H$ s: X; R$ b) G$ @( b- V0 O, tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。5 g0 i! V& T7 tmso-font-kerning:0pt"> , ~8 |- P+ V9 T( A) p9 |; h
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2 K6 O1 |# ^' a3 h5 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐# U- P( m0 i" X n2 q% X# K. ]& W* p
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种; D1 Z- a# {& ^! g+ t
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, ^. Y& S) E J; @& Q2 m& Z4 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的8 l) J/ H; U6 L1 I5 i
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: e$ m2 [% P% O4 C; C2 o, b {0 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，# c+ }( ?. w1 I/ e% G. p; @- e, Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ \" X. V% \ y3 g8 E4 R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。6 a1 A1 B5 z7 I/ o& u$ E% W( e+ f
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) n# y: m6 B; l; }# YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌' s I3 o/ x/ S# E" b/ u3 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">3054 a" m: a7 T# Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; y6 D/ G8 m- j7 G8 F4 ]) J" c* z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视1 W& n. X3 o% G& `7 v jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* t |$ A7 h& b6 S3 d; ]8 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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: r! T; m' Q0 _1 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：: V3 Y. Q% ~# Z* fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! h. B, ]3 m) v, j
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0 Q; Y5 B, ^% S% U9 V' [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。( F, i1 t' f; J" v3 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ {# U. P" ~/ {& x+ C3 w) x
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' p6 v( w' _! }% S$ H( Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语8 G4 x u+ | @/ h5 u% a3 g/ }7 Q: n
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$ g# q0 @: o0 E: i% }7 |, _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）4 M4 @2 U7 Z: b x4 I4 @. _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“; n _0 y) O$ Z9 c4 N# {& Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 W$ P# \2 \& C& `. a0 k
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。/ w- S- c3 M( e, f2 a c# J6 e mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 k ^# _% ^) B7 h+ g3 N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语+ |7 _; z5 Z- f7 U) ?: f4 m8 w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过5 m* c3 T3 j5 ?! h# A+ Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 _/ d# q0 }8 J6 {
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9 U: y/ i; t/ Z1 R. }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨& Z E% L: R$ V5 A6 v: R" cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 f5 M8 \* d3 j# _( T+ F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人" L4 Z9 b( |# ]- h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。$ D! o) }( T# B: u) n0 Y( H0 U# @mso-font-kerning:0pt"> # J8 H$ s l) ?
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- l. z( g5 S; G# d/ ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。" ^2 l) o' B& F3 X& C7 f$ ~* O% @
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8 K4 Q* _5 ^6 C9 q4 c; r1 U3 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。' k% J1 c- n9 @1 f( \# C2 y
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+ K. p+ J) u! BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。3 p8 L% j- r; r) @! B
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# s, E& H8 [- U& u5 @. E- K9 Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃, N% B, a0 X& z% Y/ z1 A* @6 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; g9 k0 E1 l( M4 f
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, ~( Z3 q! a3 \9 R. h6 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”" N; r' F6 F- i. M- g5 j( Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">—— \: Y, j" b9 s1 o4 Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ v% n1 d. D: l1 [. |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。7 E* `. q8 s' l" k7 mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ( z# @+ n9 y- X" v& ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。& m; B) e z, o1 e U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于0 A+ ^8 X0 S8 H8 R& r9 U7 {
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7 s: j5 D- Y# @9 o1 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴" p7 ~- q$ O5 |5 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( @5 x5 i2 B* B Z5 W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观" |) b5 N1 _6 r& T) S7 F! x9 A0 N
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8 a( N4 ], e8 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨) z# K1 m$ |/ q4 n' h$ w* T+ [mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ ?) {4 S- ?( g7 E
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7 I H8 ?$ n) g$ qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓 Z0 N! p* r. {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 n) ]( T8 X/ w5 d# a
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: r3 @( ~1 `, Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓: s. ]( c. n/ v/ t2 R' Q
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* r, @, d+ O7 S! j( u% G" smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓: I+ |3 A& A5 I5 \1 E+ V( B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓1 a6 K6 o6 n; B: P9 {, d1 [+ j1 e% {, U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨' O# D; d! q" @mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 Z+ r& G5 c r- ] p8 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. m% o1 h: ^+ Z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼6 ]4 X5 a, w2 K7 c: ~8 n% smso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ S3 e' H- N5 r! v) v/ qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 @0 u# n4 x6 K2 J
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤 b5 m$ q6 H/ V; M' c$ V' |: g# x( `mso-font-kerning:0pt">”% \1 Z# M! v& R) k% p+ C0 l4 W
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 w; p- n: U5 x* T* ]4 W& e2 }) R
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语% q$ W Q1 U' w" W: e- n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能/ b2 F- z2 D) V; mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ J4 V' p; }, f% j: Q% }' \+ J
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# i3 O0 V7 B( d, z- rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒, D9 b0 \/ |+ {4 G1 h& bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”' H4 E% |% y1 e& {7 `' ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹" g( N2 _" j3 k( d" T1 w% \mso-font-kerning:0pt">.) S7 p* l: ^$ I# h( M6 h
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. O2 U. u5 H! W! A6 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人1 w2 K7 h; b0 g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪9 _7 z2 o/ s$ a( emso-font-kerning:0pt">”! c3 j+ f- }# L6 u! J, F$ @2 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; R4 _% c+ A& @4 c
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语: ^6 N8 F$ R: A' Q9 R& N8 b
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2 }& Z3 ?5 ?8 E7 P" p6 j2 I% {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。- M5 V$ C% j8 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& I. h: V; H( ?$ \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。4 [' u3 @- R8 ~6 ?: |) Y$ |3 R8 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">7 @+ ]9 V! k4 J) Q8 G0 H
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) f7 ~& o; H7 ]( I) G, wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。4 ]* b6 l. l0 j- q* J) y% X# ymso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' K* o# j2 H( P1 o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱" c6 ~( r. n7 p3 N Nmso-font-kerning:0pt"> * \8 f( f3 ?# p) \
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i- K( b/ `. z. ]) jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧+ V; j/ S' v! w! v- d
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