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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： * q+ H" c0 _9 ?$ B( I* J3 ?8 u
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6 I3 B- ^+ }3 ^# j: `, MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第3 i0 Z3 Q8 n" }1 S
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* m7 H. P; A- K. r! r4 D0 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：0 o' U2 g; R0 g6 e" s: L3 smso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ H2 x+ x- @3 m$ W5 }mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;! `: J; L8 ^$ Z
mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。+ X8 ~: {1 J: W. B) bcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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$ _; K8 d0 V; x/ E2 m9 ]2 HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。! R' L( z& D7 R* D; a$ G+ H* [9 I
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。& B% R( b2 N' u5 L' ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？4 _$ W9 W) ?/ g7 R3 K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。: f& k1 q3 d4 J# N8 T' `! |6 D
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' G+ f. k) r3 v1 X# W- I/ PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服! S' @& J# X0 P1 q+ [3 S! |6 s
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢9 g; R7 Z- `/ r+ _- M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服1 c. [* A2 ^! |" _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的* v) z `8 u, u8 g7 M0 ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。( ]& @6 V1 j3 w' U
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1 G# M) {# O! D! O$ V$ J+ X+ Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新1 X. k: H* e1 o. \" e1 w4 t+ k
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$ l/ x2 M( s# W+ m4 |; u. T% f8 cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白0 ^3 Z, l7 g2 j4 r! K3 A5 umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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, c: ~9 E0 m5 z. s9 f% k3 n1 @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学( }: j+ N/ {2 Q: P4 S) ^mso-font-kerning:0pt"> . n9 m/ o% K/ \
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; [, n2 K7 Y: D8 ]6 bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么8 J3 a2 P5 c8 A: o; S$ J" L- w9 T I
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* f7 T& t5 j$ s' E n4 q+ b, U2 N9 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？' N% m$ f+ [$ D
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U' B s. f6 y7 [' x. p! ~: DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚& k/ M! i2 m) Lmso-font-kerning:0pt"> + A: [ P- P0 T; g$ ]3 q9 A2 W
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/ {8 A* k5 j9 C( _7 s6 }% tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！4 V- S1 G( O' V
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' t6 m. j- V! P3 f* y+ w5 E& k( Q6 K9 s: ]6 S4 I$ G7 L9 iTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Leslie' K1 P& s# i _
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假( ~4 B) N0 _: z* \2 a' {mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 9 L) L1 Y5 B' ]! {/ H3 b1 w& ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是; l$ a% z& `) n1 h- R: v& omso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ _ m9 p; q% d# Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. K' M+ g/ g6 R( @: ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题( d* G9 {, _' R& ~7 E8 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) e" L B5 R' p; |+ yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 H7 h7 ]; S/ c5 s* _
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。! t3 A+ w; J" S- H0 P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴! L8 Z. k" w4 v; h0 J" `' V
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' w j6 U' f' P3 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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