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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网; P# J3 ^7 A ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ2 `7 Z4 g# g8 q! Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, A5 m) a( j6 c- ?: |9 m
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。/ G9 Z% g1 B8 j1 I! A( Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：- d& l4 y' ?; r& D- E8 B# ]/ d
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. F7 E! @. o6 z/ g lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第8 u Z% ], W- w' I9 t5 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">54 f4 v7 h! M$ ?9 }
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3 C7 D& F7 d; K4 s% z# Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：" g* f$ b P. ]
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：7 ]# s7 K% s' _. `3 R: ^8 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: v$ P0 T, U6 A: ~/ L% L- }3 Umso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;1 t. s7 M7 F5 R$ l" S5 ~) w
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。- c& W' E0 Y& P$ i- D. N, t
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7 L0 O; y+ [/ D3 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：8 W) U7 ]: L. K4 l2 o e8 H
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。6 e: @' A0 s0 }$ F+ D, k$ @9 scolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( g9 E6 o( J& FTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
# D& C5 v o/ J* |# xmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：1 L: v% ?3 L# W- P* I
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. W# h1 P$ {6 `4 t8 g0 B! Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？( k* {8 a& @" N! {! v4 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">” [0 ?. e& Q, T9 ^2 g) O: m' W
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：7 Z/ P6 B$ k! Z" i1 {* n9 Q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。: P3 m, W8 F- q" W- Z2 v9 G
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9 P( g6 c9 E. C j0 w) p7 W. zmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。3 D. T/ b6 r3 m- x* N) g. h' s2 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 H; k& h9 O+ [& x, Z2 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：2 L$ `: T' U% w5 Q8 b, [- Y10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& y w$ D( G3 G, v6 @+ C0 Amso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;# F/ F) q) y" `2 |3 ^' ]. [
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。" A% e7 J% f* h- D- f4 O2 l10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. |$ H0 z* k" n* i8 T+ Z: z0 [4 Z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。& @# Z! d/ D7 d3 z7 p8 smso-font-kerning:0pt">"# d* I* F# y( x6 f( X ~- bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, m& {0 h6 k2 d6 e$ C! hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：" G `9 q" t5 ~
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, G* |6 Z5 q4 I8 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢: c$ I5 N, n5 b/ V3 C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：2 s7 E# C4 H8 T$ ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ |& S+ ~9 `5 o4 j8 R! d5 k. j7 e w8 j
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: Q+ q& J9 O, O6 b/ q4 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。/ P5 V3 @- V, l
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# I& J; A6 _: h7 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是) F& ]) \: @$ M10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 H: B) g. s( g( ~" ]
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) X8 d( z4 @% T( n2 S; qmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得2 N5 a- h' `9 L: _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 m- L4 X: [* x: z' L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲2 t8 {2 Q3 |% U9 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 ~- `9 V5 t# O5 h/ Y2 ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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! H+ B# }' M. h9 ~1 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，4 e: n. p% y/ @: ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“" o$ |; P# G0 C& `1 p
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`0 j( m# v8 n( |, S K$ S+ {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。: h# x# r/ H' x9 {+ G3 @) Z8 N2 l
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# c3 w7 F* l z9 y" r# j2 c; E) mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。0 q8 m9 v. D6 [$ K/ l0 j6 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义( }) _. w- s& l' G( s ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！4 U5 |+ @) K- Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。. y! ^9 K: m4 [2 W" x% V7 H7 o- r
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. b$ l8 X+ T1 r5 v! @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述! u8 _% b& W8 ^) m
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$ t' e8 }; i1 }7 u2 ?* Q1 v( E8 }. Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊6 N; n, e9 @+ |
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8 I1 j9 [( e. Y+ D) VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。4 x# n8 B2 U: Z" G9 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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8 K4 b4 T+ }+ B/ @: \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。8 [4 w4 ]* ?* j. ?3 a# d2 }0 S( ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。$ V+ d6 f- T9 Z: ~5 o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：& t9 x+ t, j- Y2 R" W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。5 S5 z/ [. O% u" g4 t/ S
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% P' F& P+ L* x8 u1 D! t1 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个( g" A( m) Y# u. |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: `, x6 a# ~6 M; \* bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" Y- u5 O0 K) C7 F9 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬2 U- g. Y' z7 l. ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">”- ]' j! b8 W- n) o
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( E8 \8 q( Y6 {0 U. x9 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为2 W" G/ L' b3 R% zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 m2 q0 Z" Z. z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。' O& K p5 f0 o0 S0 b) M
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的! a6 u4 X, \ H1 |) B2 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ Y% j5 e) Z9 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺8 ^4 V, e2 g Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% I' E( L( S( \ kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) J' z2 j0 W+ ^' y. P ?4 l3 @% I0 r
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思5 x3 R, i6 X" r7 P" P' {
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