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/ j1 B, y$ {4 }3 o/ P; u0 ?; {$ i9 K+ }7 gTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网, a7 M! o* k/ ]! v( ?6 K0 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ! E# D* C; F/ M7 C: e' m5 Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. l, Y$ J8 C2 |0 }* rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。/ {' a$ l# V' r% l V6 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 F6 {0 S4 v" g3 t/ b" \0 v4 n4 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">5! h3 a2 K' ~8 Z$ _( g% V
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5 P9 P2 E4 s* H3 \$ ?5 h! m; Z4 P4 w8 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章： Z( q4 _5 S2 E. n/ { z5 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 O7 {% E! k* ymso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：2 S' B* S* Q( O" @$ w7 d% G
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& U9 j5 y: S: J8 Y$ K' imso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;) w, G3 S3 [- s% t( B; U U
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。$ S5 H; B# R% \- u3 B+ zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. T: x, ^. r9 B9 n/ z. a0 B
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：% O N; F. s; o: N* pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* I. N: G$ D$ P/ c0 Imso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;* u F# a, c# X
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。* l* f8 Q' O N5 _! Ecolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 i& F; e( B! X3 _7 r6 D9 ~# h
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：) s* R! E& Q a( y/ O5 K; x& e
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？: N# t3 M7 B; W" K! D) m
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：+ y/ m7 `+ X g/ S @5 U3 p8 h5 \
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。' r( H! K/ B i7 w. s1 Z, a" L; {2 gcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。9 X- x( h2 E3 S( h8 U
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：4 o4 @' s7 O5 P4 i; a6 [' E
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。0 `. ~8 N% o6 c8 c! q/ W
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/ Q0 G0 b2 ~: C+ f8 O' |- C$ ymso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：- s6 c- X- b* ?0 Y0pt">"% _6 u' o9 e/ Z( k7 s% Q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。5 f, a5 Z: p* N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：& q* z2 t9 \. W# g5 _; `, t0 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢" q/ s" u3 j" Q; hmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" + {2 Z( o$ \! E4 q0 F+ @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; O- q: I) g# |$ @" V
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说： a8 q' v% A) Smso-font-kerning:0pt">"$ l: J2 @% D( t1 R% ]9 v/ a1 tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 a( b0 k8 L3 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。7 W, | B& m: L& f Q; a, ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是, d9 R3 Q* y( q/ ?/ W N10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ {1 M$ T" C. w4 F, A0 O1 j& v
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; w8 Y' z2 b2 `3 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违0 N- a7 i2 c" k& j2 _10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ z0 y* [. ]* @* Y6 X# `9 Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得* t: b! U+ |$ l+ A9 O0 n
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; O n' {% c @$ y2 ^1 `' bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲0 R# H! |: z9 ^
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% ]$ V9 p2 N( F7 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，# K' l" Y& {6 V5 t: j0 K7 q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。2 w1 h4 E p6 a3 b0 o6 f
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. e. f4 F c2 z4 o. |0 I- Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。9 l) l6 Q* s! v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？' M7 F; P5 a& S5 x; E; S10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。' t; B3 ^5 `6 ]) o0 K0 Q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义$ \! D; |; Z; b# {% e, J0 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 u2 B, R9 ]9 m& l3 @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！5 {6 c) N8 i! s' J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。1 V3 E& t* Z4 D5 l% Z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述& p& U& Y( l+ X9 I( W+ @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊& `; j( o# d' K- ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 g$ @4 S& X+ Z3 a5 |) sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。4 J8 f3 ^1 V7 c* [2 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。, g0 L& d, t: v( _/ A, n+ K5 O; c% i( I
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% C; G$ Q9 O0 @; [( s* {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。4 L' h; Z5 D+ s8 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 u% R# t( o5 Y/ W3 Y2 e$ e: z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：& m2 i3 Z1 w& L
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: v1 B" C9 T$ @0 M1 T& h, A4 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。+ w& t) N6 w" K @4 q0 G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个+ G) Q" s+ u I9 y, s( q, v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬& }5 ^* D& {# n# t' p
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7 N9 d* C4 @7 J; x i. |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为2 ~7 B% U$ `) K: d9 N9 l0 t
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) U3 i! K/ \" @9 |4 g' d! smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。& o, A1 D8 b* P/ S& v9 V& Z2 C# Y/ ?8 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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" w- e. J* E2 TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的7 h6 Z) b4 k* i( l; jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ @" g. }* [0 w5 u+ u" Y5 P# lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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; K5 J& ~* W2 t) w. m Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思9 l i$ z9 H$ M7 f; ?+ u6 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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