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0 P, ]# ]+ K$ `9 R8 qTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网' `+ b" `7 r n! b6 a9 ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。3 F2 \6 h+ I9 h2 R4 @3 _4 P* D( T& Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& z, n# r* ~: c) lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英:9 q7 d* i+ b' |& }/ q% u" Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第; c0 I% L" |5 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">52 ?7 f% y5 \. ]/ N
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% [7 v/ G# ]9 L0 Y0 Z* u3 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:) ^/ b9 X" c, k! \% C4 E
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1 y# m0 ^% w1 v. Z: amso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。6 `& D+ t( r$ | E! q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:) ], m2 A, D8 G0 u2 U
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。* m% L, A9 ]1 N3 X; m% O2 v, o
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:: v1 n$ m- K g7 v
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?( l' V7 P7 m/ T S" G7 @
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: z! Y4 \8 F2 G# o4 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰:, I% ~5 l: H- R5 _: I" Z: D% `( _
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4 ~/ ? d5 Z# ~' Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。# X4 F7 j( s5 M& jcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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" W- e: _- t0 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。- \: x/ B' z; c: I6 q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:7 s, l" T7 X: `' G6 V5 }0 g- {' r/ [# [
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。7 Q# y8 C3 M3 Y# L0 B3 |10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”, L- ~9 M3 g4 dmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
9 _* N+ g* G/ L4 H9 _& I; E9 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:( \4 v2 d+ D5 l. s( Z3 w0pt">", m* k8 R# N/ ~3 s; l" x2 D' zmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
5 p/ S9 l. M/ K5 PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。2 ]" H. c- R! v; { U# hmso-font-kerning:0pt">"$ i, R6 _0 r& r1 I; U# t
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( e# I4 M t* Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:4 Z+ ?7 X/ F" a1 r3 K& w
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3 Q% u( {4 c8 h3 K& Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢* G6 H2 Z, Y+ cmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 8 v7 w4 P7 n3 {; e- Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ `2 q7 x; X/ s3 g8 N$ _0 A2 imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:+ V6 i( u3 v5 N- j" d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。. D' O M+ j( z1 E+ C1 ]
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, O8 R1 i [9 D- C2 d) \# g7 smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是. `' l, `" A1 G" E2 h2 [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违, }2 G3 T# H9 U5 S6 f$ g; N$ p3 L% b
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得' J( B7 g/ i: h! f& ?% Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 y w: E) y5 V( p7 U
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% V. |2 b0 O6 A" J- O. \: Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲* A+ ^% `, X) \5 u6 e3 |
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3 W8 C' y4 P0 P. S* s1 t/ Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违4 |4 d& b' Q0 A7 f5 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”; q B k, \2 ~
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! O2 h- S9 s- y7 S5 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,- c# D7 y4 s+ L6 f6 i. S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。: m; j- @, y! b. q7 F0 k$ d I# dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" k8 h0 w4 Q8 K. J# w# g4 o2 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 v& o. r( y j& ?
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。1 Q$ l& Q& i; D. Q/ b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:为什么说以礼事亲才是孝?; i: b4 n, [ S6 C. x
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。7 J$ X" z, L+ Z5 [- |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义6 j* F, [9 w3 h1 V5 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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8 @5 Z& p+ ^* bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!: E# J5 O9 ]) D5 [6 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ N& O5 Q) l. Q# x4 ]$ S; D J8 E1 mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 `2 r X4 x% M4 X( W4 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。# \; k4 H8 l V6 X2 b ?0 ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老,昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述) Q! a2 @$ ~4 E$ smso-font-kerning:0pt">25 {: k/ v4 \4 f6 `9 N" `2 q* {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. y2 ^# O4 J$ Q" f: C) X: smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊- ^: |; ]3 b6 r2 q
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孝经
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; e& Q! l7 l6 r( Q5 W1 LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。 i; V1 j' w. m' q+ I: Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ c' Y8 D2 k4 C5 H/ e1 Q. sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- \0 p- E/ t* s5 g0 C$ M+ Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。0 c. v- i$ q' v. E5 Z0 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 ^' _& ?8 D1 t; i! ~% B e
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, j5 c# T9 r; s- [9 n4 @' X- Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:, b# y& T: B( {8 a1 k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。0 h7 s9 q5 x9 r3 o1 ~, t; Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”; K7 i! Q% q& q, G9 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. V3 h$ D. i. Z/ \
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个: \- ~5 o7 I/ @: n. [/ v$ e+ _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& C0 D3 k- l! |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为4 j; t. o4 d; z& f: n1 J) S0 Z |$ pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 h- A9 q, _- r4 Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。 q' `+ l$ A, y0 w4 q( I/ k' p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思% n$ X- w) }0 U
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