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" O# b% e0 g! Q& E2 I! ITahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网! H' z, o0 N* ?6 G! y( f
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; K0 f% h; s: q9 {7 R$ ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。 q F6 K( Q$ P+ q ^ i8 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第3 `. ^1 ~) D2 N
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& r2 S6 ^! `. tmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：8 Y$ m4 C9 l2 o- V" r, [- f; f7 i" ?
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' w% f0 \; x& I! z3 Z$ k% Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。- K* ?$ F9 `$ ?! D5 g* w* f$ P
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：' X! t! y; ?( r. d$ {2 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& l: H P1 U0 v( [
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6 V+ x+ ? a8 L3 `5 H' F. x$ `mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。: [. f' C4 s" @# i3 J+ vcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ ?2 \# T7 H% j" u' D% TTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
+ q& A" D6 A' c/ X5 d6 f- vmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：- d: o, `, N: \( l( O" P
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1 T7 j# Q4 ?8 K: N0 g3 ]5 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。9 |" m: m( K: Lcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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6 x* m2 |- I/ I6 F- h3 N2 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。' b* f( n3 O- [& U5 D) E8 I" cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：' E+ g' W( t" M5 d: q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. ? H4 \% X; B v; Z( L! A
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。5 Y: S, V6 X- P7 Z$ b+ u10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”& k1 t' s; [& K/ Z6 s j7 K6 }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：! v2 }' A1 F8 R: \' g* y: }* e( t9 G
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5 X" \: w0 r, V3 c2 UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。( b7 l4 y) H$ Y9 [7 p
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% _1 b9 v9 A% \8 R2 K; m# u7 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢" ~9 z: b+ M# W( e" D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：# ^8 u# h5 y2 X$ y( w
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% i$ [& H2 M! g. Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。, ]* A" M) }" ~1 R) P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是6 ~" H$ W' Q3 }, n- I$ Q9 ?) x10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“# s6 Q, c+ w+ {7 J3 X6 ~
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. @0 K, E d+ N2 n8 smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违7 U' F4 U, D# {) Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 }0 F& M: q' e! m* V
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+ ]1 `2 H' Y8 z, i* j& bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲/ q3 l- V8 m4 g3 P4 i* [( gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% V' U9 T; s9 [6 g0 Q$ rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& M* w1 o- L& @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违 T$ g4 S% ]! V7 Y# Imso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 y d' R# d g C' n0 C% S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，/ I! A+ O" z# K! C4 n, |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。9 l3 r0 F' i, p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。: G% F7 G2 X) v& z1 E d
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8 t& z1 u0 D! P, Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。5 ]+ T" K7 y1 N/ S9 r8 b6 n
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$ s* Y5 E0 C0 r6 N' jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义1 l" e" q# q) r; A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！# @5 o4 X- ?& V4 L# w) Y" n9 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">——9 @' w3 x Q1 Z) X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。; ?* c$ W6 g9 B* k- w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述, ?$ I0 J3 x* V- P0 X1 {" Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">2+ D5 t& a4 y6 ^8 O$ {& g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊$ h' j& v* E2 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 B' i3 L# U/ dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。) k) X) |- L- D3 Y$ M1 V- }
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。0 J! o2 |- Y* g3 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">——# _0 t. s4 p) }+ X6 c0 _' r3 M
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0 D- Q3 V$ O! \- J+ f1 K; ^) _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。4 e9 s. z* D5 Z( a- v$ emso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 [8 [% A* j2 F8 T" i Y- Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 F. P1 j" A+ S. G
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：# c$ l0 g$ Y, `' N8 n2 H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。8 J9 d" Q Y! n4 |, Q: D' zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ K+ l% b! S0 f7 _' X8 M3 x
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. e: o% l% f1 o6 ^. [6 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个4 k# w- a& E3 h8 r! E+ p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬: _$ D) X* _) t* J! S9 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! \: i. S" n6 o7 k8 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ \. e% b5 g6 s# q: Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为3 M! r. @! M; ?- O0 smso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 Z% ^7 z! [2 U$ e, U/ Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- Y% d. Q6 B% q* c. |
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道8 M4 y- @( e+ e6 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。9 C4 e$ O) j( F. ], Q; L
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的 s& ?- ~5 x: w' }. b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思: T4 d; \' D/ t* B8 Q$ K8 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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