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1 k; l' Z, i, S4 ATahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网9 _% g) Y' _6 W! z# H7 x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。( X6 t7 Z T9 q" p5 |5 C
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& W! r4 k! {1 T. S% a$ Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：( _( {. e: |8 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第8 B) y- q: i3 [+ x* Y, ~# L" `mso-font-kerning:0pt">59 c v9 Z$ u5 c. ]( z0 ^1 A0 V! @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* h5 y% B8 A9 r# ?" [- W& j
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：1 [1 R: [0 ]1 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 |% R) T7 Z p+ s4 Umso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;& E; G/ Q; }& b) N8 U1 }: B9 ?6 k
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。/ L& ]4 y" U" g
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2 I, X9 m9 V/ c) Y: lmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：, u* A* i+ a9 ^! M& nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- b' h. T9 U) H8 ]
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c) f7 i2 `8 c7 g( y2 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。: j0 N O2 C' t7 |+ i8 j- mcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ D& Q/ m1 ]4 r( h9 @
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？2 `: P( F% G& q# Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. N+ J6 d0 k& h' ~( s5 }mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;2 p# L3 e/ i7 z7 ]) D- `
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( u5 {% y4 @8 ~# G6 ]/ Umso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。. D6 I% f7 m! c, U& q3 Rcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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6 o' V3 I: `5 s5 D: a# F/ dmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。4 r9 m+ s n* `$ N; y- g
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2 _8 V8 w! N( \% G; xmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说： V7 P2 n. c8 O) @3 D* p& W6 d
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; }4 N& s6 M+ n \mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。0 I) U7 @9 W) {0 Q
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& g3 q1 f' k f% @' D; f( L/ qmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：1 i0 T1 d4 e* O& J3 t
0pt">"$ a5 m+ V) t% @& W7 Q; Z3 c5 m. @; B8 pmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
/ |! B6 L: d @. O3 gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。0 z; L) y; W. x' {* A5 }4 H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说： a, Z/ M, @* u( G/ Z& imso-font-kerning:0pt">": y" u2 Y0 Q) P* C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢5 r$ S7 e" o( i3 m. W
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* C( ^" B+ `- J4 E2 L! |& U4 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：6 h. w, k5 l; e8 ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。5 y K6 w& O D4 [" J4 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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. Y; U% g# A- u3 ?7 k) T% v I+ smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是# K' B, G, ]8 Z3 s) y# G# U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违! R/ C" H) b8 H/ U: R10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">” @/ i7 z" S* W, i) W8 R4 K
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7 B& b) J8 m5 N+ r# }7 imso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得3 B* l/ c$ p) e. U; pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 o/ x% c# c( m, t, z" ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- c/ Q0 z1 l% G0 d: Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违/ K# q( ~- R' e
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2 u6 X- p' p+ v1 |" h% }! emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲; D( `, H$ M: k6 S# H# d. W2 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. V4 l) j8 e' I, \, u: Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. P9 V1 f6 l0 b. N( g1 ?+ Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违7 |; L1 i* P$ \
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2 u, e: g% V! u" cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，' R! b" T" Q. B" D$ |2 G4 g+ @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 ~0 s9 |1 G7 n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ {- q' x% o- K3 r) S$ v( C
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0 ~. {/ M; ?7 d$ Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。9 ~9 O; \ ~* M9 A/ B2 |& b4 Q3 m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？/ `& ~3 E! t8 t10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。9 @8 y0 w# ^7 z1 N& tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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, ^, m/ @8 a) {4 r" L" vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：( V+ K# a/ o( P- E! [. y9 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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% w& P; ]; I' Q5 F% zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义3 n3 `3 C8 B1 y6 s' y1 b+ Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 W: y; b7 @+ e+ `0 ]6 l; ^6 N; a- [. d" Lmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
" h) u5 L+ B7 P( x2 @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！) b4 F8 s' |6 h. [- A' D7 A' pmso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ g" v% ^5 Y5 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ u/ Z! n- a5 b' p' O9 {6 @3 f2 e
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。. n) P. r3 R& d+ c
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+ M/ p1 h* f+ r, t) i' rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述7 D d) n( h- ?5 n$ l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊* Q s" ?' o- E# [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。3 U k" A g Y$ I# L8 |) Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。% E. z: k$ T' H+ o, j1 M) O Y! F$ cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 u+ G, P" b6 K! m# k
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( w8 [* C5 a6 E7 s: a+ D4 H$ F F; Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。7 n. U* Y: g, Q" x* M' cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 B- x r1 z. t1 ~; T% U6 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 F$ ^ h, Q: \ }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：3 }1 ?% N$ Y0 ]& F, |7 x+ X
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) [) d0 v6 K3 }/ R. F& W: H. \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。8 X) _1 l) D6 o% S: _
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; `$ U) |2 K- l: Q8 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个/ D9 ^! |5 q' Q$ z9 l( Q
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7 X* c2 M( y$ z! I, Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为( b0 ~0 U# G( Y! M4 @3 r
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0 @, D- p# \6 {: t2 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道4 \" {7 D! C' u# @3 S0 X5 }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。, d' e o( z# D3 b$ S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的6 h3 ]- |( Z! X! R+ B+ {" `- I/ Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ f3 s2 }. F2 Q5 {4 Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
C7 u+ @0 G6 B! c3 ^) xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺/ q- f7 v; r; |( A. {7 m4 u- e, Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# ~/ a( {3 Q! i ^- M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思$ ?/ I t! d" g% ?
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