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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( O) }. N. H- U! k/ ~! j& b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：3 U, a/ k: G' s; k) `
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/ v% c+ _3 q, y9 H4 E+ smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。$ m. y1 C% H; j' Z0 w! U1 f' p# Z% p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。# ?5 P; N0 N8 K- s4 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" S: E; I# E0 \* E: E- k afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( D. i% y9 M: O5 B2 i% V( g
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4 @1 u0 a7 y$ u9 u* w0 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经( M ?& X0 Q! f2 | E
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6 B* D/ Z4 k! O$ G% l L' kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。: b; ?/ D: k+ x% {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ g, |1 j& R C) u3 ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？" a @$ H' H5 p `8 z- x& E- l [0pt">
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" {. N0 J' n+ ^) DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，# n4 |- c( O0 @) z. o7 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">"; Y4 P8 \* J3 u
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- c6 r6 ?% L7 W' y/ p# F9 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种7 P( N: t. }! [/ v& E6 w8 n
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/ x5 Q. k9 C' {- D$ D# j. S. ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，+ ~. X; P$ V, F: T, [
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7 Z' n- g; l! G! F. F; S Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。/ c1 e4 ^8 r% `# K" _3 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌; y/ F8 [& a# d+ b7 r) c
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8 A& v& |: T6 P* b: d3 b( t( pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视- M5 s, `" X+ P8 T+ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“* T( l; |. }$ ~' F
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7 T# y) O, S3 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：; O) M! i& e0 g6 b W t( U9 u: }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ t" |; ^ E3 Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 _$ a! N3 U9 M7 b
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。* D2 e; l+ ~+ T5 Z q, T9 w9 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”; S G% K9 v8 g' A! S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语; D( o# A/ d5 `! }0 e" A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）0 V. t# u7 `! L- W
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9 i( Y) }" A% zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。% [( Q+ b: G# i# K& F
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7 C1 J- s, R* |0 C; P: `& @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语 j; R# o4 V1 U. l0 } s/ l0 |7 E' h6 Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过) g5 {- ~. [6 y+ \6 C( rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& x6 r* S6 t' S% q; h0 ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨2 x* ]' X' H( v. T! U0 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”' c. _9 u4 h* T7 g5 d; \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人5 A A8 G2 ~" X2 u, m9 _4 [4 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 M* U. R/ ^ T/ C( e! [# Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# B/ p. z, P/ q6 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪7 g, Z2 S- [1 j5 N/ Y3 |* Omso-font-kerning:0pt">”& \# H, T$ g: v. kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. W# p. ]5 D" _5 E s( q Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。/ R& O- s1 [0 b7 X( w
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* E: N' P3 F/ P8 uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。& P( C0 Q1 H. w3 i8 {- x# E& t" L% nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"4 f# j( v$ Y( R2 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- x6 @+ L1 V0 f S6 y' Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。) i/ f! g/ Q# \; F6 o! L
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`& G3 s: S% c! Z$ W* J. v. p, A8 @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。/ f( e: d$ }7 N3 |2 o. V* H3 |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”+ d6 x% ]/ |8 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">——: i: i$ `/ y$ C& G1 x/ B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。 O5 m" p' S6 e3 G5 B
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1 @" q& Y( i; } o9 a" kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。& J5 s7 T- A4 Z3 p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于5 s- p- H9 Z$ U: f6 N( v( w4 W
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* v" p% ]4 t8 D5 ]/ _5 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓( R9 T: @4 o$ j* B7 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“# c/ ^; c+ R; o( {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 u$ a& E8 {; i) A: G, J$ l2 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓+ X% H9 ?+ c& q* Q) h/ H. E$ F; D+ Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ P0 M5 g. r! e+ Q: C' J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓" V7 k5 o* |; C' J8 T3 Y6 Z& Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( a/ W8 ~2 d1 c8 r( B& f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓+ d( s) |, g! }5 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼2 |) @' z% S! v( X; p
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: e5 q* v. j$ [6 _" zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能0 F" n G8 D+ V1 T" Q. H+ G& J9 \) [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 X h% ~6 u$ }( m1 l; p- F( m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人5 L' Y7 {6 d- u2 y6 K0 |0 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 z9 k3 ^5 J1 {+ T2 H4 G/ a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。3 j6 u n: V/ }5 F' M+ \& m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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