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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( d1 {) D6 S, ]% s0 j8 d6 T0 }0 X: I
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; I5 [ f( U& \ r; ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。8 r7 |5 \8 e7 N
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& ?! T7 h9 Q; G# ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经. i6 k1 Z1 S9 ^ o* R
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. S; B3 ]0 l! B# ^8 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。4 ]3 X; F2 r# @1 b1 J, l
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？, {7 t# {% m# c+ e; Q0 E% W
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，% z8 K% M+ B# q' o7 }" Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ T2 ~- O5 y; q6 J7 w9 ?( Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. L7 }7 B" Q( X: W- i R& pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪/ F5 _: B; M, F" P2 y) a3 l
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+ R2 y" v; B$ X9 _$ ^3 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。# X; v E6 } j& ^
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种0 } o- t3 W9 f0 T, D6 J% Y* dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 N3 m" C4 j( {7 Y) k* b" I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的1 R6 {3 o* E, P
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3 Z! ~, \: D' Y# Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，/ o H/ E" S& \# t; [$ u5 x7 }: Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: ]; a4 b( m+ A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教; K$ Q* z8 L& U5 x! g o& D) |( T
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1 l6 B* w0 T- Q+ B( X5 w$ k3 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。/ j/ f" f- r8 y, D8 F. v5 q! |
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌- m0 y, V8 L7 q; A2 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">305* _0 I% u# R" O" o; v' v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：5 z* T) r2 S- r$ p6 _$ Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“. U8 S' K5 z, k3 I u7 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语3 V! d8 J' S. c" Z9 D7 j
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% r7 O$ m1 {: n$ |+ u) A+ Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）; J9 n' v% X+ q/ `% l# }. }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。' E$ w) Y L+ ?$ U( C& p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过- y+ n0 H% s' f
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( z8 ~; c, u7 q7 ]8 I+ D Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨. X) Y( V& L4 s' b, Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">” I: n# m/ ]9 C. @- _5 j8 u( {! w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人6 h0 n E4 A2 B1 V: Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ Q& s% Y; ]8 X9 ]2 @% ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* z* C( X$ S0 [6 w k/ [+ Z
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8 {; W9 X+ d [& }; Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。/ m8 ^& @% Q. Z9 l9 m, T8 J. X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。; B' {( M0 O. A5 R: R& ~, _. mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。9 R: @3 [, V# n0 ^ r3 B/ i
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+ L* }* u- m. X/ y. pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃. q8 n0 N% Z, |& ?' q) G: b5 X( W, Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 j% \' R5 i- x* |: A1 p/ u# g/ { Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& D5 c: V/ m! [( J! V" _ g# a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”+ S4 ?1 S7 ?! F8 |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。( c7 h' m6 C% I8 M( C* z5 S3 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。/ `! S0 k6 \9 K3 r$ h2 R4 s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于* u: c7 m {8 A) u4 B4 }/ w- zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 r1 Q( F6 q) s. Z' I$ d& `7 m4 F1 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓: b2 H4 o% K' x" Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ E, O' d! t% h2 z( D( @/ qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% o+ B( ^7 P* A5 Y; [, y
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. X4 E! \8 U! O; k& K3 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓4 X) z& W7 p3 o5 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( E& R" S8 \1 p, x! k4 Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, m7 `* {, e+ N6 X2 S8 g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓- N( _7 A0 ]. C& L+ B8 ?
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* A. [5 O& a# a# Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓8 s9 |4 ^& B \: E4 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼) W/ e. o: I9 U: Q* \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ L. V- x+ Q% D& A5 r, T
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- E. }1 `! k0 J% `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语! i& n0 ], ?, G+ _9 ?2 _9 d9 r
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; ]! h' J, a5 U# C1 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能* w& {# x* W2 G* v0 }- Z3 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ Y4 i! m: h% l' Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ o9 R. Z1 x9 B+ p( wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒- Z' V, m# T; A7 ^1 Q$ E, lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 m( j. [8 b8 e0 Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" o; M& ?6 p- y+ u6 j. C6 s+ bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹1 z( U" G+ }" u: }
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/ |# i0 k% r1 F! nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人/ o5 T: v3 f* Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ _" j, ^' B' Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; R6 k9 I/ y% B6 A8 N! ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪" m" C* W b: Umso-font-kerning:0pt">”, M6 {# \2 ?* |, H q7 b8 L
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7 t; v' Q3 j- b. {; u8 Y0 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。+ G) j D$ ^0 _mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 x+ t0 m8 K6 ] [; ^4 M- y1 d
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。" }$ k0 A2 a" I. m3 `+ S. T, xmso-font-kerning:0pt">) h5 {+ D5 O* O8 h f3 l, A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。' {. p* O0 ?9 J7 S P7 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱+ [( M: _% k) Y2 q
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C7 ?5 X% Z; mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧. x) V. ?8 w/ A q
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3 i& u" t8 x* Z: aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
