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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ) T8 M5 |. ]' nmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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6 \+ H# e/ g; P% |& X rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 b' r$ O# h+ [ |- W1 \$ J
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- G4 X% t5 x0 b# L) V+ g; g* |) tmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：2 F6 B! k9 K a" z3 ]5 z8 l; }& w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。( ^$ T* |0 w2 H; a7 xcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。% F* H# h# |) }
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2 s: T0 H$ q# y Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。/ [4 w% Z6 d+ t7 @; }' e% Q1 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。( H5 G3 V! ]' `9 {# A" ^+ umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服3 J2 T4 v q1 L( W; C" q: ~# Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) o9 P! @" h' T# I3 K* P u* nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢7 a) ~. a( m) G+ y* I7 o1 Z
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4 @! n' V9 f# z% WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白/ p6 V0 `) B0 J1 W1 u0 g& Omso-font-kerning:0pt"> 9 X1 r8 P7 R3 G1 A# ^: h: P: u' s
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2 Y' Q2 ]2 V' |8 r5 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学! m" {9 l) A; w% a5 A
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' J+ |' t, G0 U* wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么6 b- p, X& O2 T3 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">——* W. B+ [ f. g3 C/ G9 a& Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ \" u t7 W& m6 D1 J8 I3 J
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' U% }) g8 c7 x" x/ O) gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。6 W- L8 _6 o) ^0pt"> . c; J" S8 o/ {( A C. N
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”0 U/ N% f* n, h: S9 v {. lmso-font-kerning:0pt">——( I. x8 s1 I. X/ c7 \
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊4 n( f+ {: _- j/ k. a, ?% ]2 fmso-font-kerning:0pt"> % ?9 F9 |( z+ G) ]& S3 j' m
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& A* x7 W; b8 ]7 a Y. dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚5 d# b8 |% S$ c" Dmso-font-kerning:0pt"> + v$ d, v3 { h6 ^- t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！. K- g, I+ e$ J2 Z5 D9 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 u; y1 `; ]+ K) JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假* [4 A: [1 _6 P% D, L. Y8 | Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. h+ w5 w2 }( e1 XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是0 d9 A. I* E, g; W$ y$ Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 ]/ Y* E$ [6 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题+ ]8 \! K9 o/ E3 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ G" R7 v* k0 h) s: ^7 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 {0 p7 @" F; a" `) D
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。) P5 Y7 p% p! H/ i0 b9 y8 R
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: y2 ?, C ^; {% F( ~' D; B6 ]' ]8 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴" W6 x( W4 K1 b2 f3 r0 I
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6 F' W+ q9 t9 V& P9 ]) `6 V. V7 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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