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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 9 f) @) f3 }. O# \) y5 m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 W) A) A+ |0 T$ y! jmso-font-kerning:0pt">1# C- \. D, N; d( R7 C! ?; B1 `
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7 v! v8 @: s0 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。" X; @+ s& K8 F. I! V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。& f3 J3 U/ X* F! q% h1 i* J
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：% h0 P1 k7 V- W5 m10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 g! f) z# b R: S) @- imso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
# \2 G# N8 z6 V V. Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。% ?* M+ e: t1 U% W' B3 u; ^* L' k% I
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？# c# |2 s* y4 \/ X4 R3 Q; R, Scolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) R/ R! K4 x" s" ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。0 x% Z! f3 ^7 Y6 l+ E7 zmso-font-kerning:0pt"> - D2 M/ B8 f" H4 Y- w- b
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' G6 l. O) k: dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服7 s# _& d+ G/ q Y% l
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, N5 Q& v: O5 G5 e! XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢; Q$ K: U: D. I3 C2 o2 tmso-font-kerning:0pt"> % ^/ M( d, K) C, l7 q- Y1 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服" b; L7 U3 l! V1 |( H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的9 p3 l$ b# X9 Q9 |
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- R g, l9 _! w( C! `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。8 e: R+ z) ~6 Q6 K6 p2 e: P
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# |' I( V1 V8 s* l2 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新# |0 g; N$ s1 a+ r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学$ ^$ P' h9 }' d7 A) tmso-font-kerning:0pt"> % t, |1 e8 z/ O- `
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$ n' o+ e. ^7 G. z3 vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么" a* h7 `+ D) r
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! h( e, d9 R- i$ ]' D$ lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？- ] c1 e* V" g6 p# f) x6 N
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7 Z, D% t) Y6 H# p: }2 i7 P5 ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。 T- W: O: M0 j4 M7 c v9 @3 b& y9 r
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* s' `( ^! W4 e( Y. Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善# f, a: i3 E; S( s+ D: G8 y- ^2 ]
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2 h5 V4 Y: a: \: |0 Y7 G- Amso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊& \6 H. L: N/ u$ s% z: \. omso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; P1 |1 M: \! k
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚1 s H, I2 o. Z4 [2 h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！$ v: ]: L2 V" R% }0 qmso-font-kerning:0pt"> H( I& s3 r2 g8 J
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' I9 |+ n# Y& I! s5 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假1 X2 H; c; j3 c& y( `mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 F6 C9 a/ a$ w* S4 Y( ~Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是( x" ~$ I! o1 i1 ^( \ }; P" Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! r# b/ ^5 D0 s/ }
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" N3 ], c) l/ H# O8 m' w# gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题5 a L* K9 [4 I3 E# m8 B6 w
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9 S) x W" b5 }0 U- smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。% R0 B; n5 o' Z2 Q) {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* C, J( [4 Y9 e
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5 O' Q) M, M1 a( wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴. X4 g6 h1 `; S6 G L/ f+ hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. q% W& W. P4 N9 ~# U5 R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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