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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： g* P7 a$ \$ o' R$ O0 q( Umso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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( Y, X- ^) B$ F& d+ m5 o5 ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第) m% R) ]" I( { D$ X: r
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。, ~+ ]- p( r. N4 ~9 K0 ~color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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- n* A1 Z1 q) w9 F6 i3 [/ M. ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。( C3 P" @4 @" h- \" ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) E( L2 P4 `/ q8 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。" o3 @; r. t& p) Q. e9 e- K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？2 s+ `, ]. D/ N- `( E7 u1 Tcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。1 u2 P+ V8 u8 i2 j. P0 Smso-font-kerning:0pt"> x1 ~7 j2 b: W! Q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢+ E9 N8 u. d1 F" @8 c4 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( d' r8 Z/ ~6 x; T9 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的2 S* k7 q u$ Y% ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">"7 c# e9 ^6 G k9 W; _9 w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新, l' M G* \+ ~7 O; ]
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白0 K7 T, f' k8 W, k, B, l3 k/ `
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学' l2 x! J2 }# ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 {& E& T. ~! B( qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么/ d" n* T$ Z) D1 R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？5 z* t3 \7 |9 Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”4 ?8 w% N: J+ @( z3 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">——( X2 Q1 C9 O. }% n* l$ M$ }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 m ?( L7 W* \! k$ D0 D2 U+ I+ ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说: f" c% l0 D0 `1 Y1 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。0 ?3 P$ E, ?4 T; a9 a2 n2 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">"# j. k9 n& s2 O5 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 }& @9 V; a9 d3 Q7 v5 Z( ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">本身就包含着德治与法治相结合的观点。+ r. i1 w9 N& z: T2 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚$ h# e1 P: a+ \* A3 Smso-font-kerning:0pt"> & Z6 v- p% ]. M6 m S- H. c0 h( F9 r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！6 l( a8 c- q4 v6 } ?0 D- m
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假/ B5 D4 ~# n: }( q( {) o) Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 ^' v- P1 @+ i# j9 v' \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是: d' T' a9 ?4 n0 q: Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 q, ~4 x) q" z5 P9 B3 |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
W7 L# b, P1 i6 |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题2 [$ N2 b7 F8 e! v/ H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。) E% R6 Q7 N. Y+ T1 I( o
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8 }/ U6 y: K p1 q7 r5 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴2 \2 D( G! J) H- @mso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 d/ b3 M0 f6 wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' w9 E6 T; S5 s- M7 `0 _: t0 v9 Z. \; J( [
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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