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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： $ C' {; e% O# s* l
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 a! ^4 w# F- smso-font-kerning:0pt">1+ v% f, @2 R n) @* g; Z' Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。+ v2 X( F8 d/ z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。7 k- K6 z1 n- l4 p7 v9 [: M( \' i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。7 E# g; V1 C) \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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% } j5 @; z3 p- x+ `3 I( ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？0 T h1 ]3 y1 g6 A! ncolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。" H+ M$ t" t- {7 ` n0 v
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服4 V0 f6 q: ^/ E4 W6 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& d% [* k8 v( l5 C, }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢: J/ a8 u' Y# Y2 U# A5 [
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8 \) V, i- @0 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服3 f1 X% t& M" Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">—— ?3 B% c/ s* Y1 hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 \) t0 k b( M0 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的: O! K# L, W, M3 o: _4 I. g" T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新2 B( L! q" \7 W ^1 f5 P- V/ Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 N1 _7 O+ f, ~; u/ \1 yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白# @% n. N( ~5 ^3 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学! G; l' G) x0 @( u0 x! v% Pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> " A% K' g+ O; ^6 \$ }1 q
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' H( E0 S4 G8 a# Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说3 F! S& }/ h7 U9 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 ?) \6 k; v& a; L- m6 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊6 b+ m! a$ k6 r pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> / {. v( w; A' ?2 k4 a, L3 v
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: n8 r( j8 J3 d4 ^5 gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚) X' s: `5 B+ ]. j" M+ h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！5 p$ n3 J* |' g7 v) ^
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* f* w+ \' q/ o w9 p5 J" T' n& b: kTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Leslie4 }- f2 X3 r6 n$ O& \' q% D- Y+ k10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% u$ O5 ~$ }7 i: M
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2 D- {9 u9 s, |( u5 @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假& z; a5 U) a' G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是! ~" o3 w! D! C1 \/ N$ xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) g" C2 a+ O" Y, C2 E6 c# ]. D
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1 O, T8 y5 u" D4 cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。8 \6 N# C# o& u7 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 @: Z5 N/ j; G$ m) a* [
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/ d1 D; P( m$ w& p W. w" r5 Q8 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴; Z& c9 g2 @+ M8 m q3 T/ A" h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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