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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ( f* \* h+ P j( pmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第% D. o& J. ]0 H* Z* amso-font-kerning:0pt">15 _ X: _5 {* t' j; Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 N5 C B# W* ^+ e/ \" l- y
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! K7 c4 j( b$ P" Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。7 q8 E9 Y5 }: f+ u& B4 ]
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。8 g; a6 |) [1 J& h% [& h% Emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。* D7 C5 A+ r5 v' z9 g
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1 E5 ^- H* v Emso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？1 _) H6 @: e& g/ e4 J
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。4 }/ p, M) s! k% [" Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服: \1 r. u: v7 h% e* r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢0 ^; e) r8 C# ]1 W) pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> * c3 N/ U z B2 q, d3 M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的7 N- g0 D: F0 k3 u* Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">"# F) U) z, p2 X' ^0 u9 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新7 b6 u( c" a1 N3 z% Nmso-font-kerning:0pt"> $ N4 h: a1 z. {' y
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+ P" J1 ]& E/ Q! lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白8 v+ y) G% N5 X5 R3 O3 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学& ^/ H9 [8 e1 Q' H: N
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% m, I2 v# F/ R& {( j& MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么8 ~$ A s d5 }; j9 A' S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？# [, N3 y# T1 w: N: b# X3 V
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6 v( b& |- E3 u& C: V$ mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。4 ]8 V) e7 E) U/ D' D2 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说' W* f0 m B+ E" @; n' }
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) ?% s. n: f4 ~. ]7 }1 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。! {, U0 N& N1 K
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. |& {* r$ e7 `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚5 R+ w5 H( c% q3 `7 ]0 c) |
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3 x9 [' O, p/ V7 B3 n1 A) c- HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！, D$ Y# B& c5 {* V' h
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' @6 q+ M! r r/ z5 S* nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假% E( p9 H: u1 {+ w2 p' w, P$ omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是5 i1 U6 P3 ^" {* Z. P8 D- P0 R& cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: C# F% a5 g3 C/ a3 ?9 G# qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 _6 z0 O2 L/ F4 c3 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题; d0 r& m5 B3 G% o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。) T% J3 C, u, V2 g) P2 l5 umso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 x. e& F$ ^( D5 Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
q' F0 s n' O9 f9 T/ |7 omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴- H9 s$ g' r4 N% k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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