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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ( L, h/ _0 T6 x$ N% F) {. _* `mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第# M- r+ m9 T2 F: ], e' D e8 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">12 z( X) Q, e( c$ w5 _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：5 l4 h0 s9 _* D7 f/ [: _1 C/ g1 Z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。" |& n- ]6 d7 y% H( @/ H: wcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。' |# E/ G' j: E4 E
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# m; Z1 j9 `4 \3 n) c2 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。2 I, S7 F; t9 M( h& i$ {+ }. P) D
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3 ^9 W) ?& l% Q @, X7 v0 FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。: m, y0 @, C3 B$ k: ^( w# J( _0 a- i
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5 ^6 u/ T+ o9 g6 ?8 p* _# g# P- ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服9 s. ^/ d, [: O
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢7 P9 j" B1 A+ L b% ?, B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服; V6 n m; N' [5 l+ P1 ^0 P6 T( Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">——% g+ \6 ]2 f K& u
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6 H$ j L* ~3 G8 }4 G7 Y# \3 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的4 y9 Y* O( a' l8 d) L3 d8 w2 V
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4 x9 P9 h( e* k7 ]1 ?- p5 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。' r9 W9 J( t N4 ~: q0 ]8 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">" 8 `' w# m* {" U ]
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白4 c, F; X! a# z. L9 n: Z+ V4 P! tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学) v- B: d5 l( P: E1 L3 R' `mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 j2 D. Z$ |8 u1 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？. O) x& k; u0 K# P% Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——' n8 l8 \5 h$ |4 Y" g# ^0 o
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊, k' H& C8 Y2 m3 Z9 K2 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚6 Z: {, I6 x& p ^
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( p, [6 f( f" ?1 TTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：6 G8 o2 c. I7 X, c8 R' x/ d+ ? e$ K
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" C8 a% t" j5 B1 _& {7 BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！! G$ L6 G1 i$ Q3 o
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假' [; S7 x; m: v3 g7 [& G t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是; T; l1 o7 m: ]+ a( dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" D5 p3 d: W" |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。- _' j" g3 b9 s5 b( @& x: m# R% C
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Z) o$ E8 i( `3 x, qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴& ^0 T; k4 {) ^' T5 G; M3 c& M
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1 d; h& m4 P) C9 W) Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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