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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 9 Q) v5 G( I+ m1 u! u, T7 e0 omso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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3 Z2 B6 {( _! yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第% i0 s$ w h, m z+ n
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# M& p w- E9 | K- h1 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。" f$ ]! w/ x9 v1 m
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0 T; t+ N; y4 z. }, yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。1 F& b2 J* u2 d2 T3 p5 c) wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。+ e1 s% X) d# L% S; M& @mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。) s7 G% i7 |$ ?' y p8 A0 f) _
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4 F/ l& V4 t7 E5 ^& q+ OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白+ M5 R+ y) a) [" X+ O
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学- V1 n8 n0 A# e( imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ E' Y K J( p4 e3 f& y. }7 i7 n0 pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么( r5 C- o0 i$ K# r* n3 d; Omso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 \3 s' @1 c- ^* x: Z4 E( e, l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？1 R. W, X \" ^/ p
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”3 D% F3 [9 n1 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 d9 l1 Y: `# o! P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说3 H7 c% T( d$ q: j# j
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊7 d7 ^* M7 P! z. X! B2 U Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 t Y8 ?$ Z, Y6 |. u& A- Z- i% eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚& S! ~6 c5 |' x1 d: T( @& s
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( u( }2 m6 i# L- qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！5 {- j! e$ e, F5 \6 [* ~
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. G9 k2 C. H0 v! d* f2 DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假+ N* f9 M% W1 U$ }" qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是" n% V8 S( n. O/ Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- j2 _+ ] \, f: Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ F1 Q! ] Z. r9 D5 T: Y2 _# Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题* q, O: |% o, e* ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。. T: ?% O- f3 w7 E. Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* `# @& v8 M* K( r4 dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- D/ Z- J+ t- L) u9 p4 ]2 Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴+ R4 G4 g7 A' [1 Q; gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 j. _* Q# G" q# o
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' Y* ^/ E* E% p5 A* v* mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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