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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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0 y3 w" N1 f9 _* p+ GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( |! @2 C+ f# g3 t* H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。; h _0 G# x4 {2 d! x+ n8 s
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# ~' R( P* I" M9 l8 c, I! q0 GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。 ]: C+ }' ^4 K8 e( Z9 h9 _5 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ ~- T3 d1 \. Z2 zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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/ D' Q; O+ d1 k, t0 S- Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经! b5 C+ i" I* i8 z, S/ p
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0 V& b9 ~4 ^, `, K5 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。3 y: x; L6 N# g% C- g3 O0 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是, r& @: }8 ^& d. Q4 l0pt">‘2 j, A: Y f C2 v0 JTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
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+ S I+ D3 X1 _8 E* k% KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？. v% j7 Y% Y; J+ Z$ }0 N0pt">
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) U7 K; A& J2 E. P) N$ t! U. `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，# _" J+ `- t; x8 O% N7 i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种' D" n( j. R5 @' }/ i3 B4 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 I3 P7 H3 H! Z7 |+ o# g9 N
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$ l" V: ]% c8 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的: Z: j% g. m' N& ^% ~7 P5 W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。2 t8 [& N4 `+ K# Q, gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌9 t% f8 P2 _- W/ ?8 B c( Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">3056 S' M$ c: R. Y+ @
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: r4 {, m N O n1 _1 [( [9 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：, ?4 j2 R, I1 S- P5 z& }& @, Y. ? ^
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' v1 T2 J6 G0 W& q) R( e) Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。& t; D, L/ h) D- `/ P$ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* g+ M9 ~3 h0 k9 b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语1 Z4 o& s: m3 d% c- bmso-font-kerning:0pt">•8 S; B6 H$ Z- |4 v8 G, s" L
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8 u j) [5 `/ L8 G9 z4 t7 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。; b. Y0 q. N4 t0 u+ T& Y
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- h/ h7 _( K. N( w( u; ^1 }: @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过9 x- m: u# e) ?% R0 w! n F4 \( Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 I( @, J" Q- }% M. O8 d2 r" dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: ~2 q# K1 R8 f: ~
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨" X1 G" i8 T$ w5 L, I
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。0 y/ P( `- \8 E# Y+ f$ L
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6 A8 }1 N. \: x! Z$ n7 h8 Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。4 P% Q9 e0 I7 m4 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 B% K2 y4 M# r: B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。4 z, v S! ~" J7 z- g7 j# o+ q( m
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0 r0 U5 v/ B: ]+ x% \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃6 J5 ?5 w C, G2 v4 i; l9 H! t
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1 S: O1 c' v& N2 r9 r \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批" z c W9 q* f" w. i: n# ~8 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 _2 I3 C) I. Y" F- h! H% p
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7 ^" ?' U! q/ W; T. rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”0 W G. _+ A6 v' R% V1 F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。- p; Y3 J" d6 d6 t6 u
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- F; M% {8 P6 T1 j) L+ R: cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。7 P0 V+ W+ o4 D
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. P# {& ]4 l' b( L5 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于5 o7 v. C( j* _2 Y
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& @# G( q: O5 @' ?5 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨% s) A" p8 @7 H7 J( e* ~. d, B
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/ o3 B6 j# V2 p" hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓& e* s4 N6 p1 E% _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓' u3 P: r/ H: j4 w% A
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+ u; z! c. _' Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观) d9 e* n' Z+ ~& H8 P/ W7 j) tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- K# q) }# g: {, r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓. q( O, _% B3 z4 X. ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群$ v2 d9 A( ]) fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 G1 D; n9 s1 Z ]" x! X' l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓" C7 o" o9 f5 j- W: |& `+ x9 ]% nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! f- F! } }- \1 W+ ]# }
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( J! d; `' Z8 Q, j6 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨! x# t. z- h( e+ @/ ^' h& x2 N; E0 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼4 a5 X b' D/ X3 s2 ]$ C
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* ^& h; E/ w! z8 A+ y9 t" E9 b$ xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤, ^* @$ i- m1 B% z3 s( amso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 i$ c- K( V6 wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! f6 E3 r2 j; _) C; hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语; }4 Q6 `, p' cmso-font-kerning:0pt">., _2 i/ q& ^: J# ]" q% T) pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 d5 P0 H0 V- p; ^+ Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能& X" x6 [3 M; v! k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹- m4 r- ]3 n3 w$ a3 y
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0 E/ `; ^9 c4 [9 C% jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人/ d, b8 Y0 @- D7 B3 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 c- |5 E4 N3 W% y) Q1 g1 {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ T3 x) U& n9 q' ~4 f0 Y2 Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪5 M# q. a) L4 m, {
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7 c, h G) a; i1 c# \9 a! imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。- i! y9 g5 ^ D$ E& r+ v* g
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。& g! e B; z/ s, I& J3 qmso-font-kerning:0pt"># k. L/ ]+ J; X }
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。* O( p! v6 a6 Y) R( R! W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱4 `( b6 ?* H( W- \3 _1 bmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 2 I" r& d2 i- p; P7 C, l/ P5 [" L
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+ H( V- A* F! J1 x! p' ~% T% HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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