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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第9 O6 c9 n% Y/ S+ O9 f, y5 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">2& y; }# s5 Q! j3 B3 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) x0 |8 X+ B* P0 q8 c4 a1 i
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* \) U8 J6 }9 L3 ]7 |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：4 d/ _8 B; \# [1 w6 W* r+ Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ I7 h2 g+ V! i) z6 Q( ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ j( O/ o& c; Y' o# |
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。2 x' I( ~/ F0 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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+ N! F% V0 t% P0 ~, v! PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。8 d1 e& T3 y( |6 W; [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经) G* L9 T- _8 v" S7 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">•' W/ X2 c- i }3 Q+ n
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! @. W7 z6 Q; b5 z! g7 Y! vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。' Q) ~6 t8 q" Q# d) M
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1 C& q) h: R# b) v$ A8 |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：3 W* S7 \+ ~) L* N! n1 C
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2 l! T1 s7 o" d' s: tmso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。7 z P# a0 g5 W7 d0 c4 T10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’”
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& c, e, p) V: }! ^! nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？' W g7 D8 b! m, G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，2 {' L! T0 D& h# T1 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。; ?- X t% I" b. b: b4 t
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语3 H* L8 w1 d: l; }/ H' ^# P- E3 r10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">•4 A+ ?' I: R2 c9 i8 \
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5 \+ _) ?3 x) U+ B, }" tmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种" C2 d2 u3 ?( F+ b7 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 f$ p6 @! C& X, L9 }6 y* i% Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的0 j+ {$ D+ S9 r- V# {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& }: G* r* W+ X& rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# m& o* h6 C1 @' ], vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐( T, D, k& y8 |+ \; u& W6 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ G$ u; w( J* S$ Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, ^# H2 _7 u8 `, a( ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，; u$ d* ^) v9 J/ C7 q+ c4 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: R& z0 `7 [- y. k, `8 b N8 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ T C+ [- n$ K- I5 B4 l0 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教3 R7 h# y, j }7 X8 P" x; H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。! v5 [- }7 F4 S. a9 E- Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: e V* p8 @ o2 L! J2 L+ J$ B5 yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌8 b6 C' S1 e- y+ d" E" q
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# b( D, c4 {8 m9 v) |! p6 l7 E* xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视, c# K6 p: K, ~& W/ V! a
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7 s. u1 Y E8 O6 Z. }7 [7 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：# u I' V) }1 s) H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。$ q+ Z% h* K% K/ ]
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1 ~6 `) B" o2 y8 u4 x, s& i1 I4 d6 O: [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语. U" V; o: {* x x3 n4 t
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$ a( J4 A/ C% {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。8 Z; N5 y! Y, z- r) Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”* H: H' b5 ]6 Q9 g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过5 c0 J1 _: X- ^$ g9 k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨2 T# x2 Q5 |7 m8 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 H6 C2 U3 L& Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. j% A4 U- t, m/ N' [) dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人( ~1 S# P( `" q, cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ L1 f' o7 ^2 ^8 J6 T+ Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 i' H' v- A, T& n& l4 X) F$ b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。" t3 N# g& n) E( O" U6 m3 h, F/ o
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* G) h0 b: D% n* p" Z DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。- v5 q+ J. k. F+ ~7 T7 N, q rmso-font-kerning:0pt">"2 o; v0 U# O4 S1 {. G3 e) v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。0 K0 Z* R' y0 n9 R. L* Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 M6 s$ ?/ ]9 [# j5 G$ Imso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
) E* {* h0 g) U% ]' J3 t% y& JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。7 O% k6 V% x. S+ V' {4 a& umso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ `5 {& }5 y* l* K0 w- y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) ]- U; ^. J! H8 ]5 X% g/ e1 z* u# m
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃- l) ^- [2 X6 C% wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: t1 T% u7 o& u; u2 Q$ [( Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) L5 H; ?& c0 e4 v8 l3 R; L% x7 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批3 p0 a* g. X3 ~- @
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+ ~& V6 d7 }# I8 ]; fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了” F. q8 P% O( k6 r; a+ v' r/ n: R) y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。5 G5 [3 n/ T4 D8 _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。9 l3 {6 [0 E2 T3 D: r) M2 g3 O, B) I _
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+ l/ H4 K: r( Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于& K J$ j( z+ o4 ~- a0 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观& F, x' l6 e' k% l* i+ r5 ^! a& d1 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ A$ w% E9 N4 j
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9 k5 m2 x* z% |0 y+ @5 w" Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群! }* a( ^8 v" ]1 h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨5 m0 m# g, ?9 U* d4 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 ~; H, u2 _/ _( K: O- t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓" d4 C0 u" W! X. m0 ^( H( j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓. O" a( l% a1 V, }" h+ ]
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/ V6 }0 [. ^% Z2 cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观! X2 H6 m T5 {6 C9 q! rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”; Z+ z0 U! e& G) r e* Z
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$ E/ K/ B! s J. D% p3 }9 e c/ Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓, {# A4 _) S% H8 l4 L- gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- F( ?2 b+ H, c$ E* }
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* C" `! i7 c/ Y) amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群* i6 f0 x: o' P) T$ U- t
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% K- y( f& C+ y& t @, V7 p! ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓% F! Y+ d0 i, Y9 c" r. ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“# m) q8 P3 p: W0 L5 Y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- M& Y: s3 o5 l- A7 E4 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨: h& f9 x, a" f/ P/ D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼* a3 d, @; o& W7 V3 D6 \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤 p- Z% a0 j+ g' N1 p2 M# Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& V$ d6 }, P+ ^, Y' z/ ^( j+ K, k, e
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' C% ^9 C, P! x9 {% ~% H' Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语: \$ `8 Z1 t4 x* jmso-font-kerning:0pt">.3 _% E h+ @" t" K0 o1 s! B& h8 h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能( S3 k% C$ E o( p
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 P& r, ~( V( Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒4 @/ q" ?+ U5 V% a% @# H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹' D3 v6 F* G" v/ P" X! ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">.7 k9 V9 X, c' I3 T/ Y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: r. K% S2 Q8 a: P3 M$ |; f+ E, y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人6 A* [( T! T+ h6 L' F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪9 C6 c! X8 H7 d' nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& [) P& k" ]& a7 G" _/ X
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 P+ i, W# U" N1 X" [/ `& Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语; a3 {, J' e6 _' r9 l0 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">.9 L2 V1 m/ ~- f1 N
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: v1 p* d# y, R$ Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。( i' m6 e$ Y9 D" g1 I
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2 p; R5 {$ D; C+ _0 mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。) G" p) p$ N" M Z8 D& v
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5 G5 b2 a6 H3 y/ {* gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用; A+ Q- K6 T/ S0 G
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：7 n/ m* P; V( a2 e0pt">
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2 C! T% r& C, j- \, sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理% B+ S) m3 V7 F: i% x, P0pt"> 8 \* Y* \! ]/ [
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。$ p% O8 {) W5 q; u& g( @mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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r. X( H& [8 C8 w9 O& m! }0 OTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：, R4 u. t2 ?+ \0 t# g
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( H. @+ c' h( u1 N7 W! Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱0 h' ~9 a/ H) P8 W# A3 a7 t- z% \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧! ]8 Z0 T4 f% t. q
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) ^6 y0 X6 ~: I8 C0 i- \5 M8 UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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300x180 AD
