跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

6 j' K5 l$ O& N, z" ^5 g P2 I mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网, R2 `% Q* J. O* y& }/ n- Q, J4 W/ ymso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ- }8 _9 `2 X4 a$ P; e# g font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ( o: p) \6 _7 emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。4 c! o. B2 {( w9 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 ]1 P! X/ B z5 S; O0 K5 _2 q font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; , ]- [& E5 b& b# kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：/ v; M0 x7 k8 k7 H3 Q {mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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5 N$ g. e% S- U4 r10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

) P( B0 j I2 V9 Y& ~+ g# ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; . p6 j; r6 R' e* L S3 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第 @( t4 s% d6 D3 x6 k$ K mso-font-kerning:0pt">5% R9 u/ j+ H# A+ K. ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：; D: @: }: X$ a& ~4 n: cmso-font-kerning:0pt">

2•5 / g, p: i; h! x; ~2 l! ~ Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 0 k# S3 p. K/ D2 n' I& m' Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：$ A7 f- u7 R: l {0 J( pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. W, {4 G7 l( T3 l+ b8 d mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。/ K" L7 W- F) g8 f8 Z% H2 |( m) T+ fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# S# ~) Y" t* N- N& W7 G mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：0 m. e, }$ s2 P9 f: O* K$ a mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. ]; B* s* u: c, Rmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。2 s% k3 g; }2 j* V% d color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; }) A& g' ]: ~% C6 k- N Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：- q- E" H4 s0 L- b7 F mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% N8 R' ]% p" _3 D mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 6 | G2 _- a$ A! imso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？ C K* E- z$ p, |7 e4 `7 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 p- k! h# _4 z- T9 F mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 6 i, C6 h2 ]! Q6 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：# g$ e6 R+ }4 }5 u6 J mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 X* I& G4 _! o& [* P7 ^% Z mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。- C) N7 Z8 M3 e8 ~" @4 ? color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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# A2 K" G. z9 Z2 w10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
A# L9 h; B" q0 }) E6 R, m* cTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 6 Y5 h" @+ Y" Q" I. a! kmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。5 T1 u4 B& D' J8 \/ gmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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1 d. c- r/ W i* a2 S. S) T 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
9 ]% P- z9 K0 l1 R# d' ]$ R3 g0 n: U9 b. w% `& R Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; {6 K" |+ w \, Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：% r" P: ^, l& Y. K10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 f# _8 @- V' q$ N9 Z9 V/ q mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; , c" L) ^7 x9 l4 [; umso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。, s% G" p' V; u 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”& {* e% J7 _2 R- q mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 8 m, N2 r/ }9 j% @+ t3 J3 e4 J" {mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：- G- G& v* V* A- x# Y 0pt">"- B' y1 D1 k, N! y- vmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: - {( Z9 t& c z: m1 a/ JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。5 V0 `7 e" t' h6 M mso-font-kerning:0pt">"9 F, Y$ j- k: U& t font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; * E ?$ R- S7 Y, |7 b: lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：' p/ h# a; p# A0 i: r+ _mso-font-kerning:0pt">"4 m/ Q# u9 I" R: v font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢8 t" J5 [, K- v2 `. D# t0 a- qmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 2 G# p A8 M) m) w% B5 m! R font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：; D$ B, F3 Y0 U% f& { mso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ z/ j) x9 S! A% W5 c# @- e% c$ Q1 M font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。5 d/ s Q' B0 A) D7 I0 K9 ^ mso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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$ A+ {- ]! [/ H. S10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
! R2 K6 y4 J' D. ]2 L f 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; * K$ A1 J$ S/ n' _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是 i: B" j0 C& b8 K 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( c% k8 z* a3 M, `9 a font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ) ^4 E$ T( R! x+ ~+ Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违& h6 Y( Y# c/ U( {) x' W# p9 o0 Y10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”* W e$ p7 U( ^" Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？4 d9 v0 |. M' O( K4 t10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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" P3 M. S7 \% |+ O& F) v6 C+ E10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
7 u; A. S) B/ [) w3 O# J3 r7 A& I: }' j4 F7 j2 O; F Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ; E3 r; L1 N2 T8 R3 umso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得! m6 W# K" v3 R7 {% N5 e) k- \4 x mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ _3 { N# W' o% Q9 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 0 @% X7 _# V! R k9 i* y5 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违8 a) ~9 M" D) d+ R# A& s, O mso-font-kerning:0pt">”* m6 a# J4 J3 N3 k D9 |! ^ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲4 G0 M4 c5 \7 `, o9 x- j' E3 g; ]: R mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 U+ S, e# T& e7 H& C0 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违0 r+ l# S7 L; T9 a$ pmso-font-kerning:0pt">” O! H8 P3 G, k1 ~) z font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; # a( i! R) Q. Z; Q- M; Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，7 d( O N# p0 G2 c- V) C! z mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 t/ m$ f, X, N- Z+ X7 ?( k font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; & Q: u# d! [1 [# U$ G: umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。0 e7 S7 f" `3 x9 Z mso-font-kerning:0pt">” M, g- _( R; X: E- O3 ]' D font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。2 f) E, z1 J9 E mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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' N |; c- g3 A0 E* `2 o 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
% c, B- N1 G8 i4 L+ Y5 l: {. N 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？% h' g* e) k( k10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

. g4 n( B$ j1 P; Q* V0 }: a' j 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
) F& |8 G, ~; |, a$ _7 A3 |! u0 b7 x8 t- U) w0 o9 @2 [6 i Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。( k: Y5 C, z0 L' `8 \, ?( { mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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& T$ ?2 R2 I9 u8 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 3 a: _5 j$ ]" Y( v7 C# r& Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：% K4 A9 ^4 u4 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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4 X$ ?/ f& d# }; ]) D 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

6 T; I% d J7 @3 U% S : R9 v9 p ^& O! P

, [! f. U* p* q" T W# hmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: H# G5 Q3 {$ P8 z% ^0 w$ TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义/ z1 ~4 ]& F0 J- X mso-font-kerning:0pt">
6 ~* q+ U0 H0 ?) M& a6 G M" w( J9 _1 [6 d3 p( X% I) z1 x1 H. T Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 4 T4 w+ R6 V" {# Imso-font-kerning:0pt">更准确些！" h- u. T, t3 I. x6 a10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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0 g/ V% U8 \. {/ kmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: $ G+ m/ \/ ^2 F4 t. H! YTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：1 M4 \$ z, u% X3 b9 [. A0 C5 N$ ? 0pt">

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( g; \; B4 ~7 K6 A6 q& \# p. B& ^$ Y! Q/ r mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: % N( V. J' H! W9 _' ?$ Q9 FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！% f) `$ t+ o2 {' X, vmso-font-kerning:0pt">——' c" k4 K& X- N4 s6 I' A# o- U, W font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。7 I% e3 Q6 I) o! a( p mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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, u0 U, ]% l, O- D mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: * W! f' K! ?7 rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述: C1 X5 y1 U- n0 g* H, Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">2! ~7 O g* b6 j8 z) g# u4 hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊; ?; \8 @5 z/ R mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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; G8 B& C4 T, ~: x" Y! jmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: : ~9 T& k J, \- l- e% fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。: s* a: X: {/ O: f$ o mso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 @# e# P3 n( Y5 ]/ Y font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。' ^9 e+ {" }2 B" E8 z" Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">——- m( q2 B u) m- I# m6 r* { font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：6 O \ Q- s( a/ n! I0 P) w: Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ i8 \" i! M: U3 L. W, @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。3 ~2 U' Y D. d( ~( `0 k3 H' ^& W mso-font-kerning:0pt">”# S: g: I3 H$ J% J# Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个' d: D& v( N3 v& \ mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 @& E8 {+ n' e2 G font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬 @3 z" O k- y. O# m' Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”' H6 m( Y( C6 S* ^; y5 { font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为! B z: ` }- P& c. @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, z9 k9 M* F8 u; G2 n- ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道0 |1 s5 g4 a1 |2 W; H) n- Y mso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 M& _/ t8 }+ y K font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; # g+ o* v1 n) w" s) G( t: {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。1 G* G; ~% b7 h' X7 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">

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5 o! _3 u; E. ^( F* ^ mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 2 j" K' s. c" T# u- I: TTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：! K7 W" D$ N4 c% {. s" }$ J& O6 @3 ] 0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服
  p! }9 r" }& ^+ [% H& m

我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服