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# M/ W) C7 w2 T2 ^. s4 c0 PTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网4 [; m! o) H$ i. Z
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# E1 Q; J, P7 ?( \% imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。* U% o# _& Z8 u+ {! T2 w* q- amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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/ W! ]* J) u0 T5 ~) J9 h3 |; {% Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第) a" @# @# Q8 _3 l5 h4 e
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( X8 M2 G6 j6 D7 Y8 F( umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章:* x6 |0 B6 I* u
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:, I" R' @! i! B5 G7 ^; q
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3 O/ P9 X+ J9 M6 `8 Y0 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。1 v& n8 b8 l {7 p+ B4 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- I* K6 c4 i2 O8 H# X% U9 T- u5 [
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:7 p+ ^4 B% e c# s8 Q
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8 Q# ?( z+ \2 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。3 Z% U0 x+ w: |' kcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”* D7 {% Z0 O3 n
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5 b8 k% a* `) o4 i, Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?6 E. Z J% n+ T( V) G) s' N
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。3 @, n0 N0 _0 S, q& N+ G! J u
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。! |. J9 ^3 w* o7 A7 R Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:- G" r! H' q1 w( v8 h10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ Z$ t; f+ B" umso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;' \/ w$ O+ a: a3 L+ e
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。6 P) ^9 V |2 o! ~' m8 G4 E10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”# ~1 S k+ M- i9 ]mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
. o8 L* ]: N% Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:8 X' w5 S/ n4 _+ ^& }/ X0pt">"& q$ s3 X9 M5 b; smso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
; H, O2 [9 B7 ^2 V$ jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。& A1 n5 n* e1 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">"8 k- ]" V; T9 c2 n/ I3 L: Y$ ^
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. D# f+ ?& e# E7 s1 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:( m& }8 m/ S7 b, g- I9 |; F' I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢 q' n4 `+ Q2 }% a9 y+ e6 r
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5 H2 P+ i' x9 p5 d/ D( tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:4 l1 t8 D A! y% t0 d* bmso-font-kerning:0pt">"- |2 |% w. |1 B% f# C+ x' Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。' C+ F- E: {; ]* rmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是, N5 n' l& x# x3 `
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N9 }0 d5 a! ^3 E8 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违: W4 |3 O) |3 ^+ ?; Y# n* G* j# I10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”% I9 o( q( N" Q# sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 k5 z, v5 V e& D2 R. ^; ^$ L
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得( }# s! K& l9 i
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, [/ y5 e/ g7 V- t; }# _7 e$ X4 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违% E) N( E' g# p# l; X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲. m. N, ]% t/ b* A; k/ J2 U6 r/ o ?
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8 K* g8 g0 S( R! P7 `6 d, nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违. }/ B+ L/ b, V$ M- c; Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# C; d# o& `! u9 hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 r3 Q8 ~! i. b* z8 Q+ x& ?) Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼, E+ n& K1 d8 ?8 A- ~
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: j2 R" H5 f0 o; i: r3 M1 z, ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。( O* _& _+ e$ a* imso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ _3 D- C$ M- W5 t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。' D! b" {% Y0 x9 {0 C, ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:为什么说以礼事亲才是孝?# F% h, @% [: c! P10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。5 f# H$ z! d; K- I$ z! h
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( A4 w3 d" Q5 ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义3 X/ n7 N7 f9 V/ h
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- D0 a# P1 D3 h B, `% ]6 G% f( q5 ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!* ?- {0 ]$ z. N- G; D; }5 o9 u! c5 k/ Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">——. u& \* k. a7 D+ q- ?: O" w4 }7 o4 g
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$ X- i1 G; V4 m: Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。1 B5 Q/ g# E2 f1 }# Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 w3 }% ^4 P( f6 RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老,昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述: h* W, o: s- v, n6 ~+ i) pmso-font-kerning:0pt">2! }1 x# f- ?- u' [. z# Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. Y! V- ~9 K- \# X
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊7 K% _$ y. |4 c9 O' i( ]$ s
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$ w w$ i! Z0 mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。) J6 g# ]: E, b2 d
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孝经
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# x- m2 m* L2 p* n: Y2 |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。 Z: L& m. N- G: X( `( ?, c6 ]$ ~+ Z- hmso-font-kerning:0pt">——; d2 m0 t! |, G7 C: Q8 }9 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% b$ ?. v' J% J: zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。; e* V4 }1 ?" _8 c8 {( c ?
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( u; a8 ]9 g+ O( l% x/ f- M$ zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:# `( ~: ?5 _. B% ?# I8 S' B4 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 y7 }% _) F/ w/ f- T% ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: k: k# \6 [1 t8 ^9 b. u3 g9 v1 _' O
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。3 s+ q/ r$ x* t; p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个9 B+ i: A' P3 S+ a
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; k* y8 {+ j3 U1 l; d$ r0 ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬% J4 g8 D6 t& }; D- g
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/ v X; ^7 f, emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为1 C- [! P4 S0 P; D/ K( ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 r4 x% M/ f: v* k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。; a y3 o3 u& f5 a3 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; T! Q) j6 X; i- BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯,这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从,陷亲不义,一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的# D0 y, q5 A/ V/ e$ b
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" z! S' \' a0 M# s( w5 c! f% O2 G8 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思: I$ T5 p) f" V$ ]5 Q$ Z rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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