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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网' g' d, f" g8 [% f6 `: B2 W( cmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ1 U A% F" ~* b. P$ d, s& [# pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 f J/ Z/ ~3 imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。 W0 p/ R) z0 S7 L% j4 \
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; Y2 S7 V, ~8 J$ G* z' V* pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：( E3 @( q$ N$ U) H0 j8 W& ]( |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ u' C' b+ f" M+ N! \' N- jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第 A& x% H7 Z) ]' m% m( c% O+ E! l
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：$ G! K$ O* s! X' A/ U) }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。( V$ ?+ K/ p) I; ^( n
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$ `- Y& r+ Q& p; {mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：6 T- w4 k2 ?5 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 l: e- L) m* Q# ~5 |mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;4 x/ W; s3 w& L
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。% y/ J S0 s: Z% ~% N2 u, @
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& I- C5 B$ R; z4 amso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：( K( M! Z: ?, a& I& l9 `) o
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) ]6 R7 L/ C5 B$ V) D: C5 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？1 u! w' W' x& M4 U2 s- m; rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, N7 b' V- a3 s2 L& b V3 `mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;' q# A' y0 j9 r+ G, G2 |% Q$ \
mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：# }# A* d9 J# W# y3 |+ j8 T$ K
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, Z; T) J- P) y4 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。& _9 x1 p+ A7 q5 y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。' \- ~5 W! C1 T( z& mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; `- v" c* a" I& P! b. c- v# bmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：* Z* h# |+ r- P10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* ~" X* \! J& W, j9 A# V7 f$ Y
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! M" B4 V: @: }1 u: Smso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。! j8 a1 h1 [1 z+ o3 N
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：, V/ E* l2 O; `
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4 e! @. o) [+ R1 ]2 ?# ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。# E) K0 Q9 `/ ^, X# |" g
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: c% b. ], o2 n0 I9 K' X) smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：5 L8 R) H; C- E& y5 f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢. i; V, V: w- `& y* j) Omso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 1 d* r6 z# z4 @' ]" C
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9 b6 I" h- \) E1 ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：% ]: T0 P# Q0 m0 F9 U8 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">": z C. z" ?0 k% G# Q5 G w5 U
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) t' g; ?. ^* N: Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。5 n* V# Z% @5 Q/ Q# K2 W9 c' @mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是5 P$ a3 N. Y5 G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲6 H1 n: P" e+ ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ ^" R! }) g; ?' z, ^. O/ T+ P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，/ J9 E, g" o, @9 H1 o2 f9 `3 T- F
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4 J/ Z1 ?- ?( P6 H) J; Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。% i' B) v; ~0 T6 k6 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。- R7 M: j5 t2 R9 J8 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。9 R6 B4 _/ J' Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义% e8 l' m/ n5 L) |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. ~ [% c1 p: M3 {2 VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！& o, A( B( p5 h- ?) L h! M2 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">——9 j, s# V+ a: K% }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。/ E+ L k6 G- e! Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 Q# S9 s- r" R0 e, oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述2 u) x! H5 Y( h% C4 `" ?$ a$ v: V7 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">2# G. ^5 b! [( Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 f1 [# P; j9 d P6 ~* @6 J) kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊1 w( f8 l. ]$ E, ?& U7 W/ d' p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。/ p7 A# Z9 |) O" G Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。" E' H) u4 b6 `" Q: Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 e6 K V& E j/ Q- Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 X1 i" h& o+ i6 R1 t5 {, f
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。+ B9 k) l* `. ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">——2 Y2 g4 H; q1 d5 m/ n! C0 v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：8 K) G- m8 S$ X# w% K: {; V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。- @6 r) ~* T" Q% {( K
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5 a' M7 N! d0 X" g/ v. Y- ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个2 A) l1 D$ y+ umso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 N- U1 |% A" f7 a
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# ^) V% H! m" c9 \) c) ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬( Y4 d8 Y/ q; h/ X. E5 I* z
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3 J4 U# C7 }& Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为; [' {, ^( Q6 ?/ N& c( n. k8 x/ Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* I+ f$ o+ X4 N* x' r2 vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# G2 B) P4 i0 p9 x( ^
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道* Z! E) H* ?# tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 P7 Q( D+ h: \3 U2 P6 ]6 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 @0 T; q3 h, Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。$ C L/ d* D" {* S# y6 h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的, G1 i* G# J0 H/ B. T4 ^
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% O9 R1 `9 X3 M- _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺 {" U' g' a+ q3 o }7 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 U) v4 N+ @ h& `7 y% b" O; P9 P+ tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 e* @; I) G* b @
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思; x/ T! K9 T) x, J( Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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