跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

% |+ v2 @' D) ^5 {0 q" {8 y mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网1 G, h3 p s' C- N! i6 ~ mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ# R. ^/ y0 q9 C# Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。5 U9 \, |& C9 Z K. U7 n: {6 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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5 t/ P$ Y0 O! G/ Q# f) S6 A font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; " p+ a9 {0 f" }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：6 k( ?& W2 X% e9 ^- y4 Z mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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, \# p: \, R* b5 E8 e font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; * H% c# H' E! O# `8 O9 q+ t6 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第4 O) o3 i1 O* P0 y mso-font-kerning:0pt">5/ z l# V2 b0 X5 x) H; Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：6 Q3 S$ t' C: G# Y. Y( s$ l! k | mso-font-kerning:0pt">

* I$ s3 B7 V0 z; N3 g8 i2•5 + E. S/ w9 N' a8 A5 T2 jTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; , Q0 m* `, u) {5 B5 }8 f8 J' b- }mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：+ _$ D( u5 K% \; w* L8 d3 h mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 T& Y. K6 g9 P, F, X. j0 G mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。4 o' E: B% P, P3 p) C5 M) u( qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) d4 w1 h# G( Z6 r: d P: o mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; % e. a: [" ^- v2 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：. S/ W' E. X! R; k9 O" `) k) ] mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 g- ?/ o- |: } `$ d$ T mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。: W+ c) O3 k: E/ ~$ e N7 @4 rcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”- C1 E0 D$ N4 \9 ?0 R% w Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; $ F) g; L4 i7 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：: V$ L: L0 [# X. \* i1 r/ z" o mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 W5 C* f6 b; a+ R( M; q: ~mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？: Q" ]" |8 b" u& ?# J) ^' A% i/ j4 b mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" e7 f0 C4 y1 x! W- b9 n mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：% B6 \9 x1 b6 B( c2 x4 Q6 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, \& z9 w- W7 E3 M/ q mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。4 w' g& u& @5 U! ?color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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. K% f4 ~# a- [/ x; T+ r7 x Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。( l6 }7 W4 z- g ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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$ H6 [) N0 T4 r9 b8 p$ q5 ?! n; M( f' b3 G/ w" n' P Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ' L8 Y" Y0 P! p0 ?8 u# N" {3 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：( Q5 H1 J* `1 e; G+ j! V% C, v: o8 f 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- u9 Q1 c8 C6 c* n' _3 i mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。$ M2 p7 X. f/ y, j3 L& \ 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' O- J0 D0 d: M3 [ mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 3 p& y1 E: T1 I4 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：5 E, o- N, }/ N ?+ A! Z0pt">"" f* Y5 s3 y1 N' \; F mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。$ a8 Y7 O5 e. B- Q' P- Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">"1 C# i$ S7 }4 u& m8 g# z font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：6 E: g' t1 F; t! @" L) M5 F0 `6 G mso-font-kerning:0pt">", X j9 w6 W4 S font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢, }9 {8 t2 v9 j! m5 { g; umso-font-kerning:0pt">?" # b" S: {! t- E font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 0 E9 z7 t" b1 p6 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：+ \1 m* u7 c# ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">") o4 I7 x1 a. i1 R% p font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; - c' Z8 F$ w% O2 ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。! w/ ^, u) B R7 l% X: }6 r4 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">"

7 O+ v9 B' V& |. \ 8 B* R; H6 _; h/ c3 i) ^8 p

, x; Y' ^1 L0 Z10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
" k( T& C( G V/ }; {! e10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是+ m1 O, s# i* V: ~8 F2 a10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: g3 W0 x3 h3 m7 q2 }, g4 B% `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; $ h( G. S! n2 z. U9 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违! s4 L4 s1 ?( M& g r, L# b |/ l 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 n e6 l* q T/ d' X; c/ V font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？0 R. B0 _% S0 I) O& u* B$ x: J3 c 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

7 S4 q9 e$ W2 O1 ~+ S% J10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
' J- K$ U3 v" Z1 j1 X8 C* ~) m: ^+ l& W3 D0 `. Q c' k Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 0 r: [" Z7 o+ C" v0 g6 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得; P! ]& e) B: M9 s, Z6 _; a mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ e+ e O) [% o8 ^. o$ D font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; B8 R+ e* g w3 i9 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违( l3 E" c! ^4 e" V, q) {. p* s5 q* a mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ }' Q' X, n! j2 x9 M& G font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲$ d9 ~- f6 ^1 z l. E* emso-font-kerning:0pt">“- ~8 G7 Q6 _/ Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; - j/ f: ^3 t3 c8 W; [( k( }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违8 f) l! _* }; }4 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 I1 _' m: ^% G! E font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 9 l4 K2 h+ q' m0 p% |9 S* ^4 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，- V- y6 x" j) x; d/ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ R: d2 d- O7 i" l: ] font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。- d$ M9 R+ k0 t5 j1 w; vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" z! F; y9 _- \8 Y1 Y( c4 x3 i# R font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。: Z+ a2 I6 U6 j) d2 o$ tmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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1 i7 _" v8 `0 I1 j* K 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
' {; R; {) h `4 a$ a4 Q0 t. i* M/ K7 ^7 w8 I$ p. X+ T10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 1 D: a" ?1 Z( k$ h/ W! ?- {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？2 f I6 G/ f3 b, R- k6 {. F. w 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

' h5 z% d. |* Q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
4 w! D! C& b% T( X- v% {$ X2 ?/ e% Y5 z/ y, P: H* D. N7 ]Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。3 S. a" \! F0 Q* w3 \ tmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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) W9 e& \' Z# F: _5 Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：9 c# j; X/ Q1 f mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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3 J( d g0 v/ q p 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

; `4 [7 ^( p2 H! V4 L9 Z F, q mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 9 K2 s( u z) sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义% p% `: N/ o( ^# L! v1 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; e' s3 ^" j9 G4 L mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：+ e! Y5 ]* b% n2 e8 Y) {# a0 p 0pt">

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" \* J0 ?. l9 O7 b/ C* s; I: x0 x mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: ( K$ L2 s* U( ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！. V: d" |4 h @- U P mso-font-kerning:0pt">——& ~& I; `. C( E% t font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ! n, S: f6 X9 { ^) l6 J$ Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。' q3 r( O: _2 b3 N' t mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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8 T( a+ g; ~6 S% b2 F9 |( t) L8 m4 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">夕惕若：! \8 ?, h" f' X7 v' hmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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5 }' @# S$ X/ Y* f+ h 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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+ ]! f* g! ~( m* O mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: + w) |! q% k. S" S) jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述; N3 C- Y3 E2 S- q$ a mso-font-kerning:0pt">2( b; J$ b& [$ z" g* p6 b# [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; . ?8 O0 Z, A+ R2 omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊+ t& `/ N$ z' \" O7 | mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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: ~2 P$ C" p5 q8 x1 O. o2 kmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。, i' ]8 c! q$ _8 U mso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ y* h( Z2 P/ [" t1 p' Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ W. B. [6 D- m C, c+ M& x* H xmso-font-kerning:0pt">—— }9 i7 b" T& `7 i7 M# Z/ Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：7 a3 o' T& a5 ~ mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( ]# z5 ~& Y U$ ~6 p1 N- Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 9 ]" M6 Q N0 F, w; F' s, I' t) Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。) F t7 B7 v) j2 R# e4 f0 B mso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 O3 _' T5 T" m* D font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个4 H: I$ p8 u4 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ b# O% U! h& g% s% ^3 \& Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬* b6 t) n Z7 x% d! {' D: Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! Q0 d* V# b1 Y" m* B4 b% m3 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; , z, |/ {) ]3 i% b( G" u. mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为5 Y- G& C i" s$ C1 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 ^+ @5 {9 v' u( z font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道$ {5 L$ A* s2 r* [ mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 J+ j' o7 z. G8 L) y! h font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ' G1 n+ z L" r' ?% g) Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。& ?" @9 S8 b+ ]9 Y5 J0 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服

我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

+ r) O" m% v5 S  P贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服