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. C+ Z9 u/ B' F( }" `Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网5 j5 E0 U7 |, p! g* O7 A4 h6 f1 Z D
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) t8 z& \1 V' u; x4 n3 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。2 g' k; \- A2 e3 `6 P; A
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) m3 ~, a) _9 z' \5 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：7 H' m, x r* \
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3 R+ s) u- @- C+ Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第/ K7 Z+ ]/ i! ]3 y/ l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：6 H% \; v$ r+ m1 I0 w' t
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：' j8 C5 l, q y. J% e6 W ]
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。8 w/ ?$ {3 {7 m7 r! S0 P
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1 J+ g' G, z0 p% F2 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：6 K" g v& o( y- Q: o$ H1 h
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。8 o ^/ d# e0 {. x3 a) T
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：' Z& Y5 y& {. X
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？5 i. ?/ s2 e1 W8 {' |; e( S
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; n% q; c1 k( n# ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：! D/ {- d; X, T. W! H& ?4 x
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! B+ D) ^$ |8 p- e0 n6 c3 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。3 c1 m2 D+ s& c" \0 l) P* ]color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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9 j, o: T9 m$ N2 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。4 l4 \ U8 [" L* z' C! vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：3 \/ w, V3 [2 J$ S! N1 ~
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! P4 d) u* C! j! v1 C& O4 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。( s0 |* x) i6 G7 L! H2 n
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mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
% V( w$ a. U) ^+ H. a# ` dmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：; m: Z: c6 P7 e: z* {( Q
0pt">": ~6 T6 c+ L2 _4 Ymso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
9 R7 K) y; r0 `. P/ w. {: J9 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。% D% {7 t2 _+ k( t- R" X
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9 ^# ]7 q$ \0 x& J0 o1 C) [& bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：2 d8 b$ S) w- S5 o9 @- C8 A) Omso-font-kerning:0pt">"' m9 O V0 E" ^- t1 [3 o
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' n6 n6 L! x7 k6 \7 z" ^7 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢+ p. \; f* S& ^) G) ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：. L- H% o$ c) v) u7 U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。. D9 c- y" T! G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是% W9 r; F" P: a, `
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: C6 ~, L9 q: d# |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违9 D. t' k- [4 }- O9 @; ~& r) i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得) w2 ^" r3 g5 S
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ M, H1 Z8 `8 q1 f- S0 v$ rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# W$ f4 q) R. n' tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违4 A1 I, x2 N! [6 p! Q" Y5 f U5 s
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! N5 g& `* O+ n8 C3 f) x& mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲) A' }2 g$ e6 T9 d, _$ I( K b
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“" a% M" I; b @. afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 I2 N- |. y- |: X, s2 w# l% x9 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违+ a/ f* M& ]! r8 L( \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 H2 L$ S1 h4 p' ^; K& e
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+ d& Z* D" _* a$ Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，# m( r Q+ [; q7 C F# N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。( N! \, N- K" i+ [7 e: G- ^& t F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。4 Y( v; y" d4 v+ {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 h7 B! J3 A. ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？ @: R, K! i9 |7 F7 r
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% _# T. ]* b; a. I1 A1 Z+ D! Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。3 V. l2 [; m5 w" r# U. u
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# j/ n [3 z' \) a; U/ V' U: |9 yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义4 l* X3 e2 Z" q; ]/ P bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！& J- ?3 p2 I$ K( `/ d3 q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。" U8 k- F: V p3 V) jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 u- O- @* o+ K) t3 U5 CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述- W7 S# ~; f% t$ J0 H& @" w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊# ]: T; A* {! }" O/ fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( _6 }& a2 i6 F vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。/ C; a0 W" x2 s) K9 D$ s% S
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孝经
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% @; \. _& l2 L8 jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。. f! C: k3 X/ ?) w0 [3 H
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: h( b2 b& t" O Z: fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。! Q' `7 }" S5 X/ ^9 Q7 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">——2 v# R4 m9 H& v/ U9 Q* M8 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：: w- [; ]7 M8 Y! x* Q8 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! w2 d6 e* L/ |1 V' j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。2 ?9 v% F$ U9 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 J1 i' \% L K/ B& X1 }1 u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个8 k; m0 [1 C9 R6 F. c9 umso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 z6 i& K: y5 A0 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬$ t: C0 [2 y' x( ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”# E2 h* D9 E) `
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! O3 ^1 X- m( W/ A( fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为) o2 @, G6 n. l$ ?' W5 a0 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道% q, w- i) L {2 t0 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ v7 }( |# I o' I9 x
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! |% v1 ~& ?. {, t5 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。2 J. q' z+ H$ K9 p2 E3 G0 e0 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的9 j; h& L0 O7 @. d/ v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思) U" K) V4 D% e3 J& Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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