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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： & q/ N# q5 K' f7 Gmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:& o5 |' L5 p) z4 a( ?% `( V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第, U" M$ M7 z4 D6 B! V1 d' Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">15 J) _ b0 M! efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 t( ~2 i; G6 Q! ?& F! u" v$ w/ a
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4 Q* D" ~' l+ T% Z. h2 l: ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：9 R; t; Y" E0 ?& G- |- _/ Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">"- \" U/ S" C0 E
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。* {, d4 O$ J; D) B; q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。" }- e4 e* _; N7 ]
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。2 O& u6 Z! A; pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？3 z9 e# E. p7 ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。5 P( X1 C0 H9 `0 H# H3 ^& {5 ^+ b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服( m, Y6 b* O6 r `; @: e, b; B+ |mso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; L& I; R1 a# n6 t u7 O1 `
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. a8 W1 _9 p: ]/ x7 i2 K) D) pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢 q6 K L# h( H7 P" z9 ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服" [; O; L( l& ?1 T6 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">——8 a; ~1 Q1 u* Z+ ~! N$ z- lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 b0 e- @+ ^6 d3 I4 T" H* m
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( e% J4 E3 [& c: b; C2 OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白6 j( A Z/ A' ^- v! O. N* w
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" {- l0 p, r6 B3 p" h2 rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学: L$ w7 Y- {! L/ k/ y9 u$ p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么8 ^7 m2 ~0 N* _- a1 I
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”( p& M" S5 b; T! B$ ~7 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">——. x0 f& _6 M0 V; G) f7 K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊/ u6 o; @5 I) Q- G8 D% D. u" F* m
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9 Q+ a: S/ N4 l- ~Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚# Z; _# ?+ M$ }; T
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+ m/ l) O# m4 S" JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！( t1 K! \9 j; C9 e2 y: nmso-font-kerning:0pt"> $ u9 {5 H: U8 P9 H, e" L; }
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9 V, _: E1 c- G8 C6 qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假 q( b5 a7 p8 B0 x& B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是( a1 F7 a7 D( c Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* q( R' Z5 }& N3 e2 vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 O4 O, [& Y4 L
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题& f! q% L: ?2 @* Y: M( z' v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。( D) a2 y7 b5 |
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: m7 q' }- K, _4 Q) m# o) jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴* m9 ~* ^. U0 B0 R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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