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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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% ?' ^: R8 M0 Z3 J; D d% `) n7 JTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：5 e: l$ ^ E+ T! s* b5 G6 N3 r
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2 G) e! r0 T4 x, ~8 U7 t) d, YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第 g; s; T( j4 o8 S3 p5 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：8 g: C2 o& ]+ j0 A T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。' m3 ^$ T) V. _' n5 S# s; t( X+ b6 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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9 r ?" f9 K1 d8 q E! NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。5 z1 K& _- A9 w5 i& q( }
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+ v4 S. q# c9 U' i6 ^ Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">蔽# f$ S# k) e; `2 Y# Q' P3 T$ }, r1 d
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; T8 E% c$ F; o. W* h$ ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经( p0 i0 L3 K. p* X3 W# Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">•! u/ V! ~ z1 t# f t
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- h9 i* \' H# U2 n% Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。( S" T3 g8 E7 N8 R' o9 H( Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) R- M( i$ c3 \' NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：1 J8 v5 z1 _0 J% T7 C# I
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是1 C- M: }. i, L7 V: z1 T
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) G1 ?8 Y# g/ _, Y" g3 `+ n: Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。) B8 H/ F* v2 j: q6 j
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* t5 r, s: l( l( ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？- h; P5 p+ u0 H/ `9 J" n4 n0pt">
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! e! k' A! p! c" H8 A; c' M8 \3 q* PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，4 d! Q* Y, ?5 {8 umso-font-kerning:0pt">"6 L' e0 d. `* u/ v+ M- jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" m* {5 n% y9 n% R
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* L$ ^0 u0 W2 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。. T- q5 E& _( [) `7 f2 @
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/ ~9 V; t! c" r: t* Emso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐. ]% N# `' J: _& S10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. J' Z1 S6 L; B+ fmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;: f# q: e. O ~% t) p
mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语2 ?( K8 d/ H) o( v/ h4 |4 ~4 k: V
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种& G4 M' h/ L; V! {8 x
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0 T. e& _4 ~, J* Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的& K2 P* H! G, q1 m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，# c+ V* [. s: o1 I k% y" b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。4 V0 S4 z4 p; O! p8 u4 j- lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌 j) `: e' ^$ h' z# g$ c, G3 Z, `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视% c+ Y, z6 S0 q' m6 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ i5 n) H. G7 d
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3 N/ R5 y9 u2 k3 S' o- K" g3 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗6 J& b' o C1 a+ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 R# E! G2 L) N( _4 Y) x1 n) Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) j. Q% W% A9 [3 G
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：5 T5 p, X) E4 b: xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 _, F, O) d/ y5 u9 Q, W9 wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# f( U9 k7 o; n4 X( m
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。$ x" m! I- Z [; Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) c i$ |" N' y% U$ O2 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）3 J3 J: a5 L1 A, T% Z+ m9 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 L e, n5 `" W% F, Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ k! B& l9 p# `. j5 }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。/ {6 y7 k; i2 _4 S- C$ P% _3 omso-font-kerning:0pt">” S f; q k3 G. G8 _3 _8 e& E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语3 G9 C# w9 i" I4 F) _7 R
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. g" Z3 K. H. Y* Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过, u) N7 l* p4 S" j- C8 S2 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨- I X. S6 a t7 Q7 t+ V! Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ N* m7 Z* P" Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! p: g) ^) T6 l' Z/ K# W
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人. i* X6 F) u* R2 {: ~& n% m9 S
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) ^9 g5 K% t1 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。0 @6 \' p6 @' a4 R' {( S7 g- G, _
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。( w6 m& N* Y. u4 s; p" L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。( S$ w. A4 f8 c6 K" z, D
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( Z9 W- z+ K" q: \% H# R5 xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。. [% s' s" y: p0 o: A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”" g% ~( I- D( Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">——' T4 y1 m8 C/ C3 B& s8 m1 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 Y& k8 z" K6 }
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。: ^% H; y& b, [! W& zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。8 f9 G# C: f8 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" e/ b% ?3 E3 [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, D1 }1 d6 `# l3 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于) }) h% i: b0 w7 k1 r/ Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ O; K* D6 y& Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; q; s9 M1 j- h5 e; \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓' ?9 p' K7 ~3 Y- C2 W9 v# q+ T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓& Y' K I% n) l- S( }, k5 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ h! i% u+ h2 V* o1 s tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! w3 B" r8 U( @/ o6 @
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观+ ^4 R! t1 X9 U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓3 D; j( i: K6 c+ p
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8 ?: w h' o& |2 X2 \, kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓: h. `, N( @; e* r. j% Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 j/ m R g# h4 yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 [# t J: z2 h0 s; \; k! A
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨! p. d7 \* l& q, t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼+ E# f! ~3 t- p! r( }) ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ B: {7 b8 M7 b) ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 l, q ]6 m8 u( M7 t/ b; e7 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤3 L! l. g" u$ T. Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 v0 ]' S- M* j) _
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# D0 d- Z! { K. E- }- ~0 u, P& Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语& f8 ]1 w( ~: Z3 Y N8 N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能: h/ U" E" y7 F; Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 P4 a) a, \& C/ l$ k3 P2 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人) w' o. J0 j+ ]. w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪5 B1 f$ G2 l$ L: z
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/ M/ q1 q4 P( K1 d4 I# Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。( H/ C7 e* A. O W V9 l
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, E, P# p& ?4 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。* Z& ? f' a' Y. `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用( A/ g- u# a6 T. a! W4 l' A/ x( R! Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">  $ m# ?) c3 x5 R$ q# hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: Q4 m N2 C2 d" @: O: a) ?
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8 L$ ]* w3 [3 PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。2 k0 `. J) K7 M: p8 H5 A& l$ Q+ X* u' fmso-font-kerning:0pt"> * |5 G" Q9 W6 `( z
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8 o8 c2 k) F+ ^6 m, {- ^' S: mTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">求觉迷者：8 J/ T. C& U8 N9 p6 w9 M0 O# j0pt"> , G5 m& g; r1 `+ i" P1 L( w( z. ]
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300x180 AD
