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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第* F% P4 n- x+ wmso-font-kerning:0pt">2$ t1 t+ y" G) q, l4 r7 S6 S
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5 `/ p+ s+ n, t0 j% E) H" dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。! o9 @& {( M$ l, s
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! {$ f. b1 a$ A# O) bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。( f4 s7 T2 q/ a4 w2 E6 m7 m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经! C# B8 B) E1 ?8 E A, M4 u9 |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。) z5 l1 g" g! T: ]! w
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5 v. T- b. ^, u' M7 \! Y uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？% ]5 G/ b. Z( }0 v' [% m4 i0pt">
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% T, s$ Q$ @; r4 @0 _8 cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，2 L s# ?- k+ L8 j" t) r8 P
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐; D8 `2 e" v, |6 l1 Q1 s
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种- H6 \% ]" o' f/ ~% G k. Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# F( r& Q9 \4 ^
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0 `7 U& R2 Y8 ?+ t: ?2 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的1 @. }" \ U: f1 c8 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( F$ Y4 l% C9 s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，& _) \. g1 d! J( h( R& U
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8 C& D, n+ Z& b% g& a% n, b% pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌. o$ K! @9 \5 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">3050 s" O4 w/ _7 s/ i
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- b: z9 d. F0 j" W1 m7 F# [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说： k5 b8 E' t3 }6 U7 N0 h; e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。, H3 j4 x1 T, i k8 q' ?# dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ z! D) p8 V- j1 [, L" ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。3 H' [( \" D7 e& B7 W8 U, emso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 g: y/ C$ y X! ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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* l n9 X( C& d- R1 m( |2 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过8 H% I; n1 J0 _8 G6 Q0 `; b
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7 R" g/ d$ F& ?! F, smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人. Z0 H7 v3 V! [4 ], a1 s% ]
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1 d' d' I; c* x2 U; W# r2 o$ N+ {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。8 U1 E5 K3 q7 f/ _8 f: u
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1 P4 Y4 T) X' `8 O/ T' G, ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。3 T) M7 V3 a& V0 X4 K% Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——. p. B4 G5 s7 E0 g. J% A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”& A' ]! {" Y6 P" l2 o
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- I0 ~2 z( t- a- v* Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。0 ?: K% m+ k+ H5 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。" Q, g" }* U* G/ p) N$ p9 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ Z- D8 s) Q: T B% d
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: [+ l- G# T0 d$ Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于" E+ O/ l, S* Amso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ o. @5 I/ Z: ^
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/ F. D! k( F9 V( c) kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨* N9 v! Q. i g1 T% j! j/ E% {. mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* F5 ?% v1 X: u* e. n/ o; q
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& T2 Y9 r* E% o3 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓" }: a4 |' F) e
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& u; [$ J# |7 T9 Z" O& E- a9 X; @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓1 J' E" w- K5 P; P$ g @4 Z. J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓1 }$ W, u1 F2 B$ T; \' K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓5 j# g9 V( m( a; M5 Y9 ?0 G1 H. b7 e) J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼: p: {6 L" a1 H: g$ C9 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# }) j- |% }* k# E3 o" w6 {7 ^
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# F0 a2 C' ^# `+ g5 G: zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能4 H" R6 A5 D! P8 n& r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒- T0 k4 i0 d" R, T9 B
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1 g {4 t" D9 ~9 r; O: ?- `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人# S! x% A7 Y4 L) L( o7 |1 \
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F& D* I! [! n( ~% o8 A- ]6 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。9 e9 k, Y$ P7 o" G6 v" z s. omso-font-kerning:0pt"> 1 k4 V p) F) y5 v4 W$ a( N
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。 X1 p/ r/ Q0 G, a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。( w8 j0 Q+ \% s, C% E8 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 h6 b" n4 u) L( T8 C3 @1 OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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