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0 `5 V' V4 o6 RTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网- D, F k' [, E# X. w6 `8 J( @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。, R, x" p$ D! g
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) Y# r" U3 a, i0 N) O4 O9 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：: |5 @1 \& ^. O* Y1 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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% b$ S" n3 s7 b2 d m% _* L1 }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第3 \. y1 _7 l$ Z4 M1 X g& |: F3 w C
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( }# Q6 e2 n3 c5 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：! X" ?5 M) H3 v5 W/ n- U
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。' Z* T. K* h" G
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3 |3 | O- ], ^2 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：. z* {& I j/ `7 \8 @
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。2 l. ?# c. A$ w8 X) p$ `/ k; P
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰： }( j; ^/ i; ]# s! S' N+ ^* vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& B9 m* Q: [* x. x }9 I, [- X
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？2 Y: _7 `' D' J# G& s4 L( I; tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 _ Z+ t4 Z2 K p: L1 K/ `& wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
+ A6 `+ z x8 ~' amso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：% W# D3 u. T1 }/ t- p6 l: Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 w6 E$ }! E; ? Q0 `3 X/ P1 \1 nmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;- x* Z7 Q8 K: k* v
mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。2 n/ u- J# m* F
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6 @; B& |7 Y1 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。- S2 d2 ~ X( j5 Z1 X+ Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：/ Y7 n8 R7 C) ?; x( o# l' \. L C10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% l# k P" ^# M# q7 p
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1 s) _* \, x6 E( h. zmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。" X/ V0 r- \' M- z$ i1 c; B
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9 f4 ^" [5 Y, x6 w1 f0 ^8 U% Imso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：9 {1 x% T3 O: U* x9 ]* [
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。4 M. i! s) G& S: lmso-font-kerning:0pt">"# H* v* M. C& \; t' ~) Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 o3 V6 `( U$ f+ \5 m6 x: W/ z0 e( I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢* t! t5 ` c' _) S' m: f! wmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 9 w ]0 H- x' n0 f, ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ Q- |. X5 c' r- n
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：* v6 I- d& n3 u' d9 w4 Q' Smso-font-kerning:0pt">". r! T, V, Z3 b
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+ o; Z" ]2 d8 e6 T( s# Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。; n7 m! y2 K4 E. y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是0 O$ G+ n5 m3 O& x10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ f2 f! @/ W' E& r9 V2 t, A ^- Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 ?- O! T1 ]* i- X7 i! R% F% hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违3 V s% K" K# f2 ]9 G8 s10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”, j' R( R9 v/ G7 u
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得7 D4 s; g4 C: B
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2 {0 Z$ |( T9 F6 h4 f' J( Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违0 |' P+ p8 Y2 a/ P! j6 D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲" n: [+ e% O) R& r$ q0 u( A" m& Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" p. U6 Z2 w" A: ^9 q; Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 b' V: _8 t$ R* [- Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违# Z: q& R+ r q1 G$ Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”% ` ]4 X8 m; r$ }& N5 D+ v
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' R! z& y6 F3 Y" ^0 @% amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，3 P) J5 m# R8 r2 C* D8 emso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ L! P4 ]8 ~ q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。7 H% k% o L9 t3 O3 ^2 I, Z% ~ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ o. G N w! f: g0 W! {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- [/ D4 G: u0 L5 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。4 s7 i3 i, ~5 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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/ o, p" I+ _% O& Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？! W! f' F" }% S1 ^/ d/ e+ M10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: u8 I1 c- f/ emso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。3 M+ X; n: Y5 A
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" t& L! F0 V; iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义5 a* U3 e- i# o1 @* l% s6 A- x; E% |
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！' x- g8 o h+ t' Q; @6 k+ ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——% Y" s# [# O4 }9 D2 ]' tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, O+ C9 Z, o+ k( P( v- s" vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。- N( {4 w J0 K3 ^2 b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述1 I! R0 Q+ W& p+ D- j8 J% L, p& Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">21 T7 d( t1 R3 ~2 a8 dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 k5 ^3 n! E+ h. ]8 j" xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊 y& E3 i% m. k* ]; gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 `5 p/ Z6 A* M; ?$ TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。' b3 b& e5 [0 E& W
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。6 o1 y! \7 K9 g* ]: j ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 ^4 f8 ?, I, L7 \/ W4 {! lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* W" @8 @6 h% E1 |) i& a' ^" }7 @' B
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。7 Q, o4 I4 m' B* D6 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 D3 H) p/ W. m) J
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' X7 u$ N3 a! v. k# n5 x
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：4 b% G2 Z C0 i9 smso-font-kerning:0pt">“- J. l, L5 t% h1 W$ j/ y4 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。' Z: z7 x9 K+ A. umso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ f( C+ }3 u+ Y% c5 L: S5 L+ o
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& T6 K2 D" J9 G, Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个2 Q7 Z& ~- ^8 ^/ h5 q a4 \: F; m$ G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬, G& R9 R2 ^; d/ tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ [; N0 P+ t6 o, G' D
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/ R% E5 g! k, j2 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为$ T7 C# V" B- b9 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 ], R5 P" T+ h4 n' p' pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; k5 v! l+ n3 [1 Y$ ~0 q- e
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道0 l0 f" i' h& |/ G/ l7 x
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9 A1 ~& o( K7 ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。$ ~- b5 ?; X- n& Z+ _4 n: l( Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) ~, Y [9 ]5 ]% w% N' h4 RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的+ e; j0 H/ C- G s* q- s, D. U7 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 W( k3 ?/ D4 ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, C; v, k; H7 @; I- c3 @
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺! T0 N B: y+ p4 @& `mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; A4 C* v3 R/ w! v/ K dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 b2 @, w# G" u' a9 k- t; e; Q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思( B, f8 b9 i, e; h+ z1 k8 x
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