跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

+ f3 K; E/ _5 Z1 X$ I! {( Emso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网! x( x! v5 F+ A# P9 `5 n) p8 s mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ* C7 b0 ^' M1 F0 | font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; $ I8 _4 @4 Q$ G' w4 Y3 K% |. M3 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。! U: f$ d9 k a4 h4 i mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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) L. O& a/ @7 w% O1 }7 o font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：6 T4 \7 D, x7 I+ `$ u$ S- Q2 G( z9 z mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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- J, p! O3 d6 a, W- _10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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8 ~- C# \9 y' z5 }2 O: V; f. Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第$ q' I' `7 W& \2 P) mmso-font-kerning:0pt">50 X+ [; A. E9 |9 a0 S {% Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; * _' `' H0 |- R' f2 k0 i& ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：5 ]* Z! Q0 J# y! ~: { mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2•5 ; T. I6 F8 ?5 S9 [% w2 B- Z4 I Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 9 \/ R; \* D# W+ a: z8 v2 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：9 [; n; n, Z9 p Z' n# Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. D& r" d! l) Q' z2 |( k mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。% d2 @8 c( _: [& e mso-font-kerning:0pt">”, ]. U4 ]' S; ]2 v! I% i" A mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰： X1 U3 g! K9 |* U i( Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ M8 R7 e. t+ Q8 f( j& j7 M' Omso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 7 l& T- |3 ?, e$ I/ z4 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。/ o% I0 B( r- i2 M' R. [ color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; `5 a8 S* H' P1 {& @$ ]" n! S n Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：: S5 p6 S* {9 E% f; umso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 Q! l- C: k- g5 d; N; _+ @' V( P( u mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？9 B% n5 @. c3 s; e+ O9 I2 r, w4 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% q# K2 \; E, G6 ]6 i, O& C mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：' k* B( L' U+ w5 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ A- M0 Y4 Z5 I: m+ u mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; % ]& Y" ~5 L! o6 v0 Q* fmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。4 G3 i* R6 e/ @8 ?: ^7 M; e" a& e color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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/ {4 Q" c B. p- e+ aTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。- {+ K* ~# L: f( Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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. ?" y% j$ P, `3 p- r- D4 ^# B2 Q FTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：; f' n) x" e3 I* ^: @2 b' Y# G, {+ ]10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, O% j& q R6 I1 D; ]6 Q& j mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 9 a: }" d: U& m# w) K% E7 J! smso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。 K2 h# r, }+ ~0 E e10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 m/ k$ h$ {% ~+ z g; {& O mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 8 k7 s1 _/ a! Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：9 M6 D7 E; D! y9 I1 o0pt">"0 K+ L6 |. d" ~& l- v' C; u& j mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。) D* b. W' B8 J6 W+ ~1 e, F mso-font-kerning:0pt">"" o% D4 n7 ]- S1 a* m font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ! D; G: Y# M# i" lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：& @! M; U. E+ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">". ^; W8 t5 d* w) j0 Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 7 A% H z6 W- tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢* W( z$ b7 D) ~$ C4 R1 y2 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">?" ( J" T$ V# E. p @9 |! b' S0 Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; # h6 S" L& K) _( P3 B. ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：! [& U0 u5 j. Z7 [! u7 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">"& \: N0 Y4 F$ l# I3 R8 l, `, D( Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ; q8 S$ v2 l: i! u- c# \! gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。* V/ Z% |" I3 L* Y( y( X I4 S4 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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5 M; }/ S5 O# Q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
6 t$ P' I6 C( _9 }3 ^; q" R2 C' I, ^" |/ Y. ]1 a2 f10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是 ^9 m n, I# z* B10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 c9 r/ v. h Z: C2 @% ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ' b6 T4 l2 |6 @8 m# u; F1 G; `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违& V( ~$ r, b0 M, B3 N/ J: N10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">” \1 s" ^* x1 \5 z3 x2 K9 | font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？0 C* \2 l% E/ k( x 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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% t2 k1 r% V& L5 R4 {# ] \ 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
: W0 s' c) Y5 Q' E# ^8 y7 b& G h( v* M Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; & E: [# y! R0 k" q8 z f) H8 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得 k/ [8 D) Q$ ^9 |2 k( s6 _2 D mso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 b3 @* e' ?7 l$ ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违6 x! W' l; R7 @1 j( N+ O mso-font-kerning:0pt">”* O. R( \4 {* r7 k8 y5 x( T+ f/ efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲# ~7 _, z6 ?5 {% w; G& c a mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 _+ ^5 e1 D% L3 m: @/ m font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 7 Q( L# _3 w! s2 o$ Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违1 V; Z1 [# B' t7 r" m8 A( z gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& t) m: R/ t: B0 Y: ] font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 5 _ p# D/ R$ G2 b7 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，! M X) i1 _5 q* `8 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 L# R" K0 R5 W) p+ E" \ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。. g. S2 w. {* W/ } mso-font-kerning:0pt">”# d' h" _1 O% ~% L$ tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。# X- D4 N; R4 M: M: P; _mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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2 X- P$ u" U/ _6 @2 V) y$ j10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
/ J+ D' q& U/ B; y% a' z/ V% r% c5 }6 f# p$ k9 E5 G7 E X5 n10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？; s ~* |5 Z) ?9 [% f# J. L) ^' ]10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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) Q' [6 X4 q6 ]10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
, t+ j+ n3 |: OTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; * N9 Z& @; o4 a3 Y% {mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。! P% Y- {3 N' X! G: Y mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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. Z r# u1 h6 Dmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义7 j% |( R- r8 L9 J" ]. ]9 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' E Q: J9 W- \5 I2 e: I1 x/ J. o mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：' z& R! o- A7 i, n' Z1 Y 0pt">

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; e) [8 W: o( Fmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 5 g5 [6 r4 Y( e' VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！# ~% [) E: O h8 ~ mso-font-kerning:0pt">——# O8 ], }5 l; [( Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; : ~& R* Y7 D! \9 cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。9 G& B; d) H" J9 w. g; v; L' h* h mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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. d) d- W, y/ P7 Cmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述4 T0 E# ^+ I' d" s# A2 Q mso-font-kerning:0pt">2$ p* |) _/ ]9 K$ Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊" d3 P4 a+ D G7 o# y* T1 g% wmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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孝经

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/ }- S: E' q% b" A8 _- Smso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: . Q. J; L8 v6 B, ^( M3 ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。3 X1 L# O f9 y4 ?' d' I fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——. e0 o/ I8 @% X0 ?+ H3 Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; # M: m- k E6 o' D: Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。6 ^1 _2 Z- c% L5 V6 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">——0 P4 X' T% O1 @9 I- X. \ D% m font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; - @/ q3 z# ]( p. M" L; lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说： \# z5 {% [& Y# ?& {. R9 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ g5 }6 _! V# h. c' afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。) I" I7 T- ?5 t$ C6 X4 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) o5 ]$ Q! i! ^( [% G C, efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个; m* ?/ N c9 f! X! u! a. J6 q mso-font-kerning:0pt">“' K/ @+ G. v) q9 q8 H. z: B4 t: u font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 |3 n6 ^; E9 o, N: nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬* p4 O, D8 x' Y0 ]/ z$ Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”) Z+ D5 [/ m5 P8 p7 tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为$ q6 r8 Z I- S mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 j+ O8 n2 g+ l8 x font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ) e y$ x4 |8 L9 m$ omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道6 I- s: W7 w' lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”; D8 u9 k! u& B6 ]' \ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; % w% z2 ~: q" K* h- u$ Y/ Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。2 C' D9 z5 V( E( n( j mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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& ~* k$ d1 ~7 N( j s, B mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: / t/ ^3 u; A1 \9 P" H. L" W0 bTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：4 [! Q, Y/ W9 o, F3 r 0pt">

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" d! X# V9 ?5 f" B* G# p& p" Bmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: : h, y+ P+ f( e2 [0 aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的, Q/ b7 }. J( v6 I6 {7 v6 {1 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; ^1 p# M b; Y8 B, _ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺7 x! W. \" H2 H9 F9 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* U; ] Q$ T) m# _7 Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思/ B/ X* l. {* |8 a9 V! `" K; j9 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服

我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服