今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第! s4 |7 q F8 H* _mso-font-kerning:0pt">1. |, R8 J( t& n. i5 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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# F( J$ V5 S, m- k9 N, N& S4 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：- E O4 p* O1 @$ G: O/ }9 A% }mso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 ]* c6 F/ _# wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
. ?. O m4 t# ?6 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。0 q& I* G- `' |! p" `9 v7 ~* kcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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+ t9 H3 N: `! T' O e7 gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。( {( V5 t+ b9 ?; t) T. u5 R1 j0 q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。! ^2 K7 F, ]8 P" Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？7 H: G2 X; y* B8 I% a2 L: Z
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" J" e; i* g) f' V+ Y" Q! cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。/ E/ R3 E! M* P: i) L9 Z( v8 H* j
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; ?3 P& @' J2 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服: J: G* a4 \3 s/ q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢: i# ` W# c- f+ T1 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新+ ^# H {2 o# emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白6 x4 f* g0 Y, f5 K" g, G
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* U( k1 |2 [$ t9 J, xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学/ k2 b* Q1 v. w3 M& F7 F5 a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么" H+ [8 X$ T% e: s4 d& B: G3 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">——& w7 v5 a$ L( b/ `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: g( q o) a- [, t0 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？7 l* ^: _2 k; {9 r- mmso-font-kerning:0pt">——# r! @7 V+ b/ f8 K3 Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ B# k0 E3 G: x+ c- E" ?
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”, k6 f$ A" t D! {8 Q3 V9 H' lmso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 l. ^4 ]3 V& lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" I! N7 I4 i6 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说! i" a9 h# G. ? O2 K6 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。# ]9 ~. B) `' z' F; C4 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">"* k' D! K2 Z) w* F6 W! \. K
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" [* Q, Q7 M0 ?% Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊' R0 }5 ^ P- q# r4 ^ S
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% H6 g1 u3 H0 x6 [+ xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚3 x: v) S6 w! Q8 q2 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！9 S5 ]3 n4 o* z s1 G5 R5 D+ b4 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; _' c3 }+ G ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假6 C8 C0 w9 i9 E3 e, Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- U9 Q5 ~( L d# \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是/ k5 q. e7 l2 P; o$ f* W1 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 F ^2 z A1 y+ Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) O9 |2 y2 r, |8 p6 u5 _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。" O/ ~% m. u7 `) N) ]6 U Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 b3 h- ~) n9 d5 l2 r* H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴5 V4 I% x; S3 |; nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 j: ?" j- q& O6 ^, c7 g2 X; Q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">如果一个国家仅仅依靠法治来获得长治久安，这样的安既不是真正的安，也不是长久安，只有人民懂得礼义廉耻，知道为什么要采取法律的约束，懂得法治的观念，才能获得真正的治。当年斯大林可谓利用政令无所不用其极了，等到逝世，立刻反弹6 ]! b0 `1 C' _) |% _+ s5 `* [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">中央从当前领导班子和干部队伍建设的实际出发，突出强调选拔任用干部要坚持德才兼备、以德为先的标准。这一标准既强调了德与才缺一不可，又突出了德的主导作用，强调选人用人要坚持以德为前提、以德为基础、以德为先决条件。干部一旦失去8 a! q* J l9 _( P$ W
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">搞文字出身的，可以说是最正统的夫子门徒，他的思想和做法，包括杀少正卯的儒法兼施做法，我都是十分赞同的，也希望社会今后采取这种治理模式。不过，谁会用？外来的和尚会念经啊。我们是秘书啊。这几天常看到一句话，一看到我就怄气想吐血，这句话叫做：身在兵位，胸为帅谋！兄弟，我是秘书，年纪比领导小，资历比领导浅，阅历没有领导丰富，情况没有领导掌握的多，上头的意图不知道，业务活动不能参加，我能够为领导谋到领导如意，哥哥，那在这种情况下我搞出来的东西能够让领导满意，那我不是神童就是领导肚子里的蛔虫了！我真有这本事，我还来伺候你这个本事不如我的，我下海去了！我赞成夫子的：道不行! D1 w/ s+ h- Y" J. bmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ) b1 ?% R0 R' Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 r. q+ r9 x) s' l' lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乘槎浮于海；孟子的：穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下。我不信运动式的说教能够让既得利益者提高自身的修养。$ x: t. ]+ m* w u' H) wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* m6 O1 ?2 \( L8 e/ v) S5 e( j" G, gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子的继承人荀子，明确提出了4 r8 K$ @6 p# |; M3 c2 y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">的主张，为我们今天坚持依法治国与以德治国相结合，提供了重要的历史借鉴。青年时期是形成良好思想道德品质的关键时期。尤其是在改革开放和发展社会主义市场经济的条件下，在世界范围各种思想文化交流、交融、交锋更加频繁的情况下，处在人生起步阶段的青年，更要注重培养优良品德，解决好立身做人的问题，为报效祖国、服务人民、奉献社会奠定坚实的思想道德基础。( G: x* a' w3 L" k: `- vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; ~/ ?% ~2 Q5 E6 ?* r9 Y* u4 }4 h! KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">荀子发展了孔子的人性说，认为人性本恶，故赞扬礼法结合。孔子说：德之不修，是吾忧也。今人，多不修德之辈。建议今人多学论语！在其位，谋其政，为人谋而尽忠，人之本色也！这是德，工作上有本事，那是才！$ h' R7 J* P* z9 K" u5 \& w3 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">加强道德修养，还要处理好以下三个方面的关系：9 f2 f; z: o R; Z4 V3 x
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">第一个方面，要处理好自己与他人、个人与社会的关系。9 N g. ~- A& s- ?) P
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1 V/ u" @7 b$ o: ^& Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">第二个问题，要处理好义与利的关系。, {' N- l/ b' q( Y6 h5 v
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, H% S$ N" i7 ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子在距今两千五百余年提出其理论，两千五百年后来看自然有其局限性！但我们要看到他先进性的一面，继承和发展其先进性的一面，才对我们现实生活更有价值！则其善者而从之6 ^0 {9 h! A! `( P3 Q" Y+ k
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">中，德治思想遭到粗暴批判和否定，其影响所及，导致一些领导干部把道德修养看做! l) w3 e, A% @! Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 W1 h$ F8 M; P3 `0 {2 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. e( J2 B, S3 [0 Y6 C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，认为没有必要小题大做。我们制定了许多法律，也惩治了不少贪官，这无疑是完全必要的。但是，为什么fubai问题仍有蔓延之势呢？一个重要原因就是缺乏具体、深入、有效的思想道德教育，致使一些人精神空虚、价值观错位。这恰恰印证了孔子之言。事实告诉我们，无限夸大道德教化的作用固然不可取，但是，贬低道德教化的重要作用，同样是要不得的。法律所规定的只是强制人们遵守的道德底线，而理想、信念、道德教育才能引导人们明善恶，辨美丑，知荣辱，具有奋发向上的人生追求，从而在全社会形成弘扬正气的巨大力量。0 K' y8 n$ v' H( g0 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">失德，我觉得是没有信仰，或者伪信仰。没有信仰，也没有敬畏之心，就没有底线0 g- L+ V" ?5 d8 G# |" Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">三会一课，近十几年运动式的人人过关，党员教育做了很多工作啊！
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">身在兵位，胸为帅谋！兄弟，我是秘书，年纪比领导小，资历比领导浅，阅历没有领导丰富，情况没有领导掌握的多，上头的意图不知道，业务活动不能参加，我能够为领导谋到领导如意，哥哥，那在这种情况下我搞出来的东西能够让领导满意，那我不是神童就是领导肚子里的蛔虫了！我真有这本事，我还来伺候你这个本事不如我的，我下海去了！6 u1 a- C( t5 V# a1 r. _2 {- wmso-font-kerning:0pt">——( S/ c0 ]: O0 n* {% q" v& bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( F+ t$ L: w6 o5 Q6 X7 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这话只说对一小部分。在中国历史上，法治和德治如同车之两轮、鸟之双翼，对调整社会关系、维护社会秩序发挥着重要作用，是治理国家的两种根本手段。在: O0 q& P' H; H, ], p* N0 `6 s4 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“; m) P: V# ], |# _: Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ M! e! J) V! |% K) I9 W% }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的关系上，荀子继承孔子的观点，认为礼是高于法的。他说：* W$ b' ]$ ]7 i, Y+ vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 {6 O6 Q7 o$ Y. x* i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，法之大分，类之纲纪也) c# H6 R3 g5 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼义生而制法度4 S9 j5 t' @7 x9 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">”" S" l: t8 i2 k: f3 ~, H. x+ X: b& ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《荀子. Q' G# w! y, a3 g( F+ imso-font-kerning:0pt">.6 p# o. ?: X& M7 H4 k/ X7 a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">性恶》）。而对于法的重要地位和作用的认识，荀子却突破孔子，吸收春秋以来法家思想的成果，用以改造、充实传统礼学，克服了儒家之礼与法家之法的对立，提出了6 M, a/ D7 P7 L/ h, L4 o5 Emso-font-kerning:0pt"> “; n s8 B2 q( }" o% {; \- y& cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《荀子7 C. o; r% \) O) j/ u# L; J, nmso-font-kerning:0pt">•0 P+ ?5 O5 ^( f0 [( _; mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 i/ z* q% Y- \1 k9 ~. J ^; z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">成相》）的观点，主张治国应礼法并用。他提出的) |! p7 X5 V+ W8 Y% Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; N6 _; S/ W* |8 Z; J9 K& i9 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 b& n6 j4 t1 k" xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">隆礼尊贤而王，重法爱民而霸( {7 L1 H1 N8 C8 b2 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" q' V0 x' A; x* J" P/ t& d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大略》）的观点，把儒家仁义王道之礼治与法家强力霸道之法治有机结合起来，使两者在政治层面和法律层面上交融互摄，是荀子学术思想的核心内容。荀子认为，不进行礼义教化而单靠刑杀，结果必然是刑罚越来越繁重但却不能制止犯罪；如果只进行教化而放弃刑罚，犯罪的人受不到应有的惩戒，同样不能制止犯罪。只有礼法结合，共同发挥作用，才能收到制止犯罪的效果。荀子关于, f6 ?; M3 {4 S1 l1 K4 b. e
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* U9 ~5 W3 s) G: z9 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的思想，熔儒法为一炉，成为历代统治者维护和巩固国家政权的基本国策。5 c; D N6 x( K% l3 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ ^5 h* e. X, p1 ~" aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">中国的人治，占据历史地位的时间过于长了，我们肃反不反思" w, E6 x/ G7 l
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$ w% ~8 M/ M5 \( h; OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">古人认为，地震的产生是因为地气的郁结，民众有怨气被压制，所以沉郁底下，形成地震，当然，比较说法唯心，大家就当一笑而过。法治是根本，德治是补充0 `0 g& _! S0 G ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">——0 l9 [5 Z. O" \( ?* Q- }
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 r: j; h: s# }" T+ s3 ~
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不太赞同，德治是目的，教人向善才是政府的目的，而不能当成一种手段。儒家应该是更看重德的方面，法家才看重法的因素，说到荀子，我个人觉得他不是个纯粹意义上的儒家，精纯度不如孟子。孟子才是孔子的真正继承者，荀子的弟子多是法家代表，说不受他影响不太可能8 ^* n" A( S3 g2 _0 G8 h9 ^
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& r, E+ {5 z5 n: a - f# Q% g1 x+ u9 f* C0 b# V( ~% m! U& s. k- U
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7 N: ?$ {1 b/ ~# hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">世风日下，中国人多学习孔子的、孟子、荀子的思想对提升国人的素质是大有裨益的8 @ y$ t: h- T8 h. I( Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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" l- f7 Q/ X+ n& t. B: mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">再好的法，也要人来执行。过去有人批吕日周，现在有人说仇和的怪话，我倒觉得，千人之诺诺，不如一士之谔谔。; p' X3 s8 f# R7 w& F5 K+ G3 P$ qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 }7 E6 C8 U( j+ O' T; o% p6 p2 VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">当文字秘书，必须具备身在兵位，胸为帅谋的自觉性，这是其一。其二，必须具备较高的悟性，善于学习上级方针政策，善于领会领导意图，善于掌握基层实际情况。其三，要有较高的理论和文字功底。否则，还是改行的好。' i4 t, a, N, k x
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; I/ j5 p6 n7 I: ?4 [9 n- Y n$ WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个人观点：现代社会的整体框架应以现代法治和民主为基础，德治伦理应作为法治不及处之补充，法乃与国家而言，德乃与个人而言。; ~0 b1 d4 A7 p/ umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我本善良：8 q. u4 v* P, d# X' j( J9 F d0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法制是必须的，维护统治者的利益，德治是教化，是辅助法制的，利于法治的推行。. @% j+ V* q1 e: D7 F9 o! H
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">秘书也要有德：想领导之所想、忧领导之所忧，是根本要求。# T; G) ]0 l/ [: @7 I8 _
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9 v _& Y4 S% O5 i8 G2 U! N& rTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：+ |2 R8 i7 a6 I j7 q* m# D0 j% o
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法治是根本，德治是补充2 m$ d# L! i; ]3 c: G+ c t0pt">——! {! d" Z2 i( r+ q$ Z0 s& j& P+ b
Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;1 x$ W+ F( i; N# L* n+ O/ [
mso-font-kerning:0pt">法治与德治，不是根本与补充的关系，两者都是根本性的治国手段。) v {! f" C1 m6 w0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">荀子按照知识结构而言当属杂家，按照主要贡献来说当属儒家！
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mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
* O* L+ z G |. ^+ G" cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法乃与国家而言，德乃与个人而言。8 x! b8 o$ o3 i) Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">——, s. b9 h! u+ h. Q8 n Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) x @; I- V0 Y. xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这个观点也值得商榷。习总最近说：人无德不立，国无德不兴。德绝非仅仅是个人之事，而是关系一个国家治国方略的大事。古代中国被称为礼仪之邦，就突显了德治的治国方略。' W: @4 N& a6 K
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6 n6 k1 c; Z7 A4 K4 L ( A6 f7 h! W: Y0 l! p4 [2 ~, w6 J4 Y2 b/ _* A0 X5 ^- Rmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
; x! O! d$ m" W5 U: R9 d$ l @9 \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我举一例，扶老太太，就用这个案例来说一说德治和法治结合吧？怎么能让国人敢扶起老太太。不然，应该很多人想去扶。不敢扶是因为无法，不是因为无德+ X3 O8 ~; h& i4 k7 Q l
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# N! \# n. a! \- v' BTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">破风弃俗：: Q2 o+ z; r) [/ _( s" q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老所言有理，但是您说的国之德的内涵应该是什么呢？国之法我认为应该是契约精神，这应该是主流! e5 Y" N1 Q+ g X6 ^! B5 _8 M
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不敢扶是因为无法，不是因为无德& C7 u+ L X8 {7 R% ^
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ x; a8 E U9 X9 vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# H" g3 r- B9 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">太推崇法治了。可以扶，可以不扶，怎么选择，是德的修养，不是法的欠缺。德政礼治，需要全社会共同推进，不仅仅是执政者的修养。秀才遇见兵怎么办？- }/ ?6 U. X: G. h
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mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:: M2 ]; ]7 ^9 {6 _
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mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
5 X! V- @2 v9 o$ c$ j: HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">在, E1 V8 ^2 C# H
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Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
8 k% G1 H5 x3 t7 T) b" ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼4 w7 U7 ^- L$ ?2 z- ?0 S4 W T* x
font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( X; \+ f9 g; h0 w& ]+ Omso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
7 ^ j# Q8 x4 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">与8 h$ j' \6 [& y, P) ~font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* ^& _/ G0 G3 k- S8 j. m) ]mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;* Z! p9 \! W; @% z. B3 c/ P
mso-font-kerning:0pt">法 @$ n: _8 L: q% _3 H
font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 \; t' G& T3 `1 a$ {4 Smso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;1 E9 s% u9 k0 @& ?$ j0 J
mso-font-kerning:0pt">的关系上，荀子继承孔子的观点，认为礼是高于法的。$ I% U! T [; s+ p. `
0pt">——) [% X! e) T; j% _
Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
" t) c% {( T k) [3 K; v0 ^: R# pmso-font-kerning:0pt">这就奠定了他作为儒家继承人的地位。后世一些儒者不承认这一点，有点门户之见。荀子处战国后期，百家争鸣时代，吸收道、法等各家学术观点，不奇怪，也是儒学发展之必要，必然。国之德的内涵应该是什么呢？0 X5 y/ T/ b9 K5 q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其内涵具有时代性。当今时代，就是社会主义核心价值体系。其具体化为社会主义核心价值观。十八大报告有表述。十八大报告用" v1 k; P* n5 F9 d( }3 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">三个倡导% Q3 ?4 y! b7 `: s& zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 O9 o, ~2 m: A5 N) A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">表述了社会主义核心价值观。在国家层面，倡导, N( Y" \5 |0 e8 r- P- s/ ~! K
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! B* l7 _2 \: g* f% [' d* u$ Z- Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">富强、民主、文明、和谐; v* Z' \% f: Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”% ~% o$ V5 z! t! |, Q5 [9 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 g! p: D( N' m1 H) imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，这" V# o: x- e9 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个字，是到本世纪中叶建设社会主义现代化国家的发展目标，已经写入党章和宪法，反映了党、国家和人民的共同意志和中华民族伟大复兴的光明愿景，是国家主导价值观，在核心价值观中居于统领地位；在社会层面，倡导0 M) g$ U& C; O% Y
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9 a$ ?# U7 J# \, ?# N6 \; A: smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个字，既是引领现代文明走向的人类共同价值准则和理想社会目标，又是我们党和国家始终追求和奉行的核心价值理念，着眼于确立社会发展的价值导向，在核心价值观中发挥着重要支柱作用；在公民个人层面，倡导" M- r) p9 [- A! ~) S" x0 omso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 u! G, x ^# r, r' }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ W7 j+ X# E& J7 W+ D$ @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">爱国、敬业、诚信、友善2 g* K* ?1 ^4 u9 }- c8 }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">个字，着眼于构建民间社会的底线伦理，是作为价值主体的每个公民所应遵循的根本道德规范，在核心价值观中居于基础地位。社会主义核心价值观的表述，涵盖了社会各界的意见、反映了现阶段全国人民在价值共识上的最大公约数。- W) A( l: _0 E" [ @9 U% ?2 S8 M( R; V" \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德政与法治，关键还是执行的人，执法者、执政者的道德修养如何起很大的作用。5 `) V6 k, W, s, j3 B/ M% Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这就是孔子提出1 W) e! _' G4 H$ Q5 S; e, Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; r" H6 D$ z9 L( f3 \! Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- A& Q% f* }8 a8 Z$ T N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的道理。这可以作为今天的总结。5 p, H; S3 R& L9 s' K+ Amso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 G! m3 m- H) x& f# c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是基础，1 M, z2 b" u( b8 y
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1 b5 p% s* t1 }+ ?4 s$ L4 Q, m1 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">法! _6 Z- W) [ w! ~% P7 |7 y# U4 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ A$ \3 K# m) C4 X0 kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; D1 H; v! u, i+ zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是上层建筑。# ^! |2 I- r# r* r4 z' {! g e$ n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德与法都属上层建筑。法是政治制度上层建筑。德是思想领域上层建筑。希望大家在学习党的基本理论方面，多下功夫，坚持数年，必有好处。再见，谢谢。: c& y1 p9 o+ |/ [# x1 ?5 S6 l4 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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