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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网: U- Q9 e w0 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ7 I" K( m/ @/ ^3 L, i# _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。. l' T9 C5 F$ B. ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：. H+ F2 v* o; S
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# F! B- l0 ~# {" A: h9 v
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第. `) @* I8 @+ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">5* v* O" `! z- F$ e) r# B% C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：6 e9 |5 j7 W& Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：1 r* J0 X% E' Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“ q6 m2 C+ @: I# q' ^7 Bmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。1 P6 j2 A. A. Q8 e2 j
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：6 z3 D6 k8 x. i
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mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;# G* D3 Z4 r/ y% ~: y2 P; X
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。+ V" _5 G/ e3 P- D
color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 e6 a) w- h* `) D% ^' |# D7 cTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：$ `$ q- N5 ^: {# v3 e* D
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mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;" _( O2 V0 h0 u- E) u, v2 U8 C
mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？0 e+ S% w4 j( I4 F5 E
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：% U/ ^# k' h+ _/ h% B; ]
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。# J2 [2 M. J+ c7 q$ Q. `color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。' c$ Z1 M K0 L- h2 m+ Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：; {/ u }, i) K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。' Q& o2 @- V& l. C# e( f
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mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：% \- T0 ?# k$ @: @: X8 V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。( P; ]7 [8 @0 @9 H0 omso-font-kerning:0pt">"( r, K. R8 A- d; h7 f( Q& u# w8 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：* d3 S* l3 E) p# I) b1 H) U
mso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 p3 t$ r8 X, ]1 _2 vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢6 i" H& G( A6 W+ w* C8 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" Y; q* e/ p, T& J
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：! d% l _4 }3 @) V4 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">"9 g; {% r( w5 `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。9 z" [3 Z) I, S8 E. }. ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是3 e2 ~5 Z* Z: v6 O! G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违- N" ?/ P7 Z+ `' {" {) G6 |1 G' s5 U5 K. }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得# _5 v1 K( U9 F( `/ T+ k
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, @, E- I4 _! vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违/ |; l: C; t& {- p, ~: Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 l: {) s% @3 s2 Q) B! p
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 s3 M2 ]9 ~% A7 L% f
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲, l3 |2 o9 A8 j/ Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- K3 _3 @" B$ i, ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违 _, X. l% X. E' n6 [0 V; m, C2 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 T8 v% @; B5 g* f" L) L
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 M- _' Y" I& w5 X& S. z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，$ b& g+ } Z- {( g+ q
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 H4 l% ~2 a. w0 t3 Q: e! j# o; t
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。# I5 S$ }# J* s4 i* P) S3 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”: p, H/ R1 m( c" R3 v5 V
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。( q$ n; ^# g: q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？, w3 u+ V& b9 l
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。- ]7 ?/ _* G# N3 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：6 p [0 x' I+ j, g. R7 C( J
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义- x" B# [- K& B+ |8 j& [3 h J
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！& q! Y8 p% D4 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">——, n9 m9 G( H- t ]2 w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。% n; X0 p" ]% P; F8 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">夕惕若：' I* i6 |! S* h1 i+ ]# ]* j& j; ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述5 @1 L$ K! I+ H; w' t
mso-font-kerning:0pt">2/ d0 r& p: ]- c) u) ]- l% ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( {; l* {1 V) {4 x6 l! p# |
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊! ]4 b- T( d) M: G' N9 m* H* tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。* h$ q. h( p( B& @/ [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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