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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 9 O. D& \$ |+ a; L: f8 P }
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5 R) Q8 J* U5 Z1 t6 j. YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 i8 ?3 q' M7 x2 z! Z
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, D+ K0 z! O; [0 V9 |: M( `/ p. Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。2 \8 p6 p W1 @/ y% g( B3 Vcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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4 n. w, D/ y( v) u5 FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。3 K7 S7 T5 ?2 B# x, lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ i! Y) Q$ U8 u, h9 a( a! ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。0 Z/ U4 P/ {' ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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! U v& U( t! S" p; ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？' C3 b g, ]8 O4 Lcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。: @: `7 k+ T' _- O9 m; R
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服) w @: u, ?& j4 r }8 z( k( X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢; `7 W* L r8 b! r% F0 e4 |/ \7 b
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$ Z2 C: f! I% k0 m* O6 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的, H4 `; Z1 ~+ a
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6 n% d* S) o3 `& V* x) iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学* {; T+ _) O; Z, w- \4 y# D8 w6 g$ Rmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 9 S7 D# o4 j+ ?# _& y/ u
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( F' A/ J- a# YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么$ x l% k- c/ L% U8 R% ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——( G2 Q- G$ l1 V% }' k9 I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？3 a" I9 d, I! c9 Y1 G) ?" n7 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——9 \$ S# L7 m9 x Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. U0 b% a; A5 |: J4 c
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。3 ?: q; R4 r8 d, q8 G4 j$ ?8 Z* b+ R* q0pt"> % d# Y# k$ I% @, z0 A
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/ M' n: F& e- p- }1 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”2 l4 _1 Z5 U$ [! g' lmso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ _" q5 n' Z' _2 v+ B1 sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 n5 A0 @' D* P4 M4 S5 L0 L
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说( x! |0 p. p/ o0 g2 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ W0 H B+ p6 x& Y0 M" H: hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚/ q a& P+ e6 R( ~' Hmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 B: g$ Q# I. K* ]" A" ~: o: G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！/ Z$ l( V6 f- A" w. N, bmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 8 a* @5 f5 P% |- {+ q% q( h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假2 G! z; h" o9 [+ M
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; O3 P' L6 ~6 u& iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是3 I( Q9 Z& U# t2 h: ^* b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题! S0 s8 j% |2 v1 ?$ l, x6 c5 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 a: u! R% N6 G! K5 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 T4 e) @- ~9 [
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。& D) |0 M/ u7 J, E
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+ |* ~) I* j9 m; a# `5 X+ V* v; _' Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴. V$ a4 i. |: Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ `! X; h' J& I' n3 Y: `' i/ r# bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' d7 L( D9 s1 c
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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