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! h' b1 I! _+ ]$ I, UTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网" p4 X6 f( ^3 F. D' mmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ5 q3 x* S8 Y9 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! B7 I" _& m6 x, U' ~* A& W3 S8 j8 F- Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。- ^; O1 }$ w6 j0 g8 V: L
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) i+ r a/ R8 u% ~ Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第- z" M- ?% m, R! Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">5 d* H- @. |' t2 H* Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- m$ j, [( U4 P( m* V
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5 E+ x) F5 m5 P3 A' Z! z* G$ _mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：4 F h0 u+ Z( x j( L5 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% _* U8 L+ P+ l9 @6 K$ w
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* I0 W0 x% h( G' J) s7 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：( _- k% A# ~2 u: x/ R% s
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。- V8 G1 H% @' r3 a: scolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" [5 M& [% I2 @9 |; b" ?Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;- O+ h$ j4 {9 H: x# i
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：/ u) U3 N( m, h# }" W3 y
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' v/ @ x4 F2 P" Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？% W8 Z% [/ z. q
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7 H1 i* D" o8 [ o \mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。) A; C' y9 i* \0 Rcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。8 r2 X2 }, N% C* I6 `, |
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：: K: b+ D& p- u- r- ?
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。1 {) u# G& x8 ]9 z5 x2 H% x' A
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：3 o2 c, |7 e$ Q2 _9 q! d& E/ ^0pt">", s- d! V$ g" ^- O8 Y& d+ {9 vmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
5 L: p" s( P, J8 z) rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。( T% ?" k: h Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 ?$ x- D: { J. I5 V n3 W/ Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ e4 e& l5 G6 }# [
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：4 y" [1 m1 P) ?2 {. L' [6 v Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">"* |) N/ h% M, y2 T. x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢6 a+ v% `& n8 @: E( a7 R5 f$ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" ! g; T1 D- V; Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
T0 s0 e9 m( e$ _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：9 \/ u/ v2 w) T
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% k% {* J/ O. [; T3 z; y9 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。+ y t3 y* l5 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是& k4 P& h9 C1 C10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! m1 e! U7 \1 u$ H; \, M7 D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得/ l# G J z) A# q5 V( e% P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲2 J& n, q: J% Y9 I+ umso-font-kerning:0pt">“! p+ j1 N* [. [, U) U1 O/ ~7 D
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. L& D8 ~$ j: @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，6 H4 t( p+ v& Q& A9 V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。8 G5 _6 r! w( D% X: Q
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+ |* P- J$ f$ t- ?; z) gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。& h0 @& q- Y6 Z. |: I/ N# g7 ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？, l0 p9 o% t% f/ r! G1 ]
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。( @: e4 Q* x! Q) `- lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义# j+ L, U% c3 U. @* J( w1 u1 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！( y6 G: M9 R$ x2 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">——: W4 f. n5 T" X0 }4 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; T3 {3 `) `1 l6 ~. t: h8 K
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。5 h) M2 K+ }# S1 y3 U2 a' Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述 H* ?( L4 R( E9 Y. Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">2; j1 w# S3 W" O. x" L" x# I6 _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" i4 o: c4 t. a/ P, g, Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊4 r$ z$ i; v" s6 h) D9 F
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。+ y, b" v& ~$ j- M
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。! @3 l6 T# |: A! j5 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">——1 C7 ~% r& _! }# W2 _2 g
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! f5 C( Z! o, ~* }- [& Z5 B& G: d9 R- Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。- Y* b: t w& X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：( h' m2 [3 e$ a7 @: `' _4 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 U6 b: ?9 t8 U& Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 h: F; `4 L9 G% f: T1 r9 ?6 V
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。7 U% x E' R: ^! n/ O5 u' y
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; g/ ~* J) x) p8 i) {9 f' Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个 x5 p* U9 _9 l( K4 J0 R0 M5 amso-font-kerning:0pt">“) i. t! Q+ ]4 D( Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 a* o% L* ` d ?% P O) _
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬; c1 s, [% |! w: nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& T/ l3 E' \+ Y2 f8 \# Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ c$ M4 N% X( g2 [8 g' Y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为8 k! m5 q1 l! F( J
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6 m6 a" Y$ ]+ B' h7 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。1 u' E, Z% X/ Q$ f: y! X5 P1 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的1 {6 D% ]' j8 j. g* z
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1 A/ U3 x# j9 m+ {* @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思0 |; \, w2 L7 u+ S' a* g
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