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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 0 n, ^" B [1 _. J' {1 |/ [mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:3 z" ~; p* `! E. n* I
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( d, K0 G/ t! @5 _Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第6 I3 ]7 A: @+ k: F8 X+ N! s8 _ d
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1 s: _" Q7 b |( g ^ N5 N1 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。( v" ]# r2 [( n K7 j; O1 E
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3 K1 |" |/ w8 `7 ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。1 X( j1 I& k! i: L! C4 umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 P+ e; t' ?6 {- O7 o! V+ Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：7 n5 r. L& _5 i0 ^+ z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。/ R7 \5 a) f; L* dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？- _1 d" m8 @) }, G$ F$ t
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9 U8 ^! F' L0 y* sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。1 O' e# g. G; x8 Z. K& L; j
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. |! f: `8 h% gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢% E ]" z8 Y, E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服' r% d* o& a( G* q1 X/ L! ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 w, n' p. Z4 w2 @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# k' K) k; ?, S: E2 m$ G& U. d
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8 d) M2 }( C) Z/ e E4 K% \% XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学% v( c8 j- y& k( i- z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？% D) j7 ^8 {/ ~ \ n7 l! O
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f0 I) G) v" R' `+ UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚3 u6 |/ a1 J$ @- k# M! n% Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ P: }3 {( e0 @& `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假6 N* P3 ], ~# J
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& @/ h& ]0 d' k9 y* T, }) dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是" e' u' H/ H! N' kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ ]+ Y$ m* P+ Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. _" K# e! }9 c
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$ ?/ B+ o7 j4 x2 a' hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。- S; q! J! G7 O0 J
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6 r- E- t8 G9 X* M9 C( Z( Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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