漫谈秘书写作的逻辑结构

( w# ]+ @+ n) M2 v, r. O0 Amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, : ?# K7 t5 ]- W% N 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, ! }1 r& k+ W" j( J9 a `! U/ z; d rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, 5 |* P g6 U! R* ~ 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,) X: {5 A0 F$ U font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。

 

- r; K( G) W3 v

4 i# g% ^' W4 Tmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, ' Y* j' z$ l s! ?6 f& g) M3 W8 ] 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, 5 f, _$ t7 T& D' k3 P/ ?( J- {* f font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题, 7 u$ N$ N `' N; l7 Q, y1 ~ mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, 4 X: i' @; n$ n5 \+ o2 T宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, % Q; C- V5 f1 N- V font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: ; M* t$ v1 H" H+ F- C# O. ?"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, 8 l$ t& H2 G$ Ymso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, . Q: c; {; _; k$ M宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。

9 b6 d5 S+ Q; p7 g 1 R' u% M; f4 n! k$ b3 T; O

 

; ~% I3 u4 |& j- n+ j: v2 U ; @, k5 d% P+ \) _% v' q+ K! X) ^2 h

2 l$ o! m P8 s; e5 T宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因, * w9 d5 L' i0 V, s+ C, @; ^ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构

7 ^% ?6 `% }& E$ ?) c

 

9 @' v+ X x. }7 umso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, 9 L. {3 L3 X4 U2 ] 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ 9 e [( M4 h, F7 q( ^, N2 L宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” @! Q& C5 q8 [* N; R 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ 7 J6 y" O( n0 U9 P2 A宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” + }" d" P1 X# T" M: F& | 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, / h& \0 [; t1 K3 D, yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: + Y/ b' [. q5 j( o5 E"Times New Roman"">前者为因, : u& L: A6 [9 w: g) f mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, & {* E. O. t3 m* y, g2 d+ X. \" U& bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: ! f7 R) ~2 R1 O"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联, 7 B. q2 x( I7 T! e mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, / ~' q- h( U* X6 r0 R 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, 4 I/ R. ^$ ~5 l1 P' v( tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 4 ?$ k; T6 ?; ^+ g9 K0 b2 k& N"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, o' E2 V4 U, I; Q 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: 6 F' g7 @! t- ~/ Z! F! O font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: , b3 ]& V2 K% c2 f: U"Times New Roman"">“ & |+ Z4 m: U, i2 {& \8 u/ ]mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? : l- }- ~/ w6 ~; L2 C' C宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” # X3 h6 T3 x$ ?* ~: H 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, . Y, s% \9 d* ]3 M g( ] font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪: 5 o9 b# ~5 l: M) b( ]/ R3 U& u3 D/ [5 Z+ F( B9 t mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。

 

. }5 g! T1 W4 } mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 ; D- m( r9 g+ C8 X+ C5 t! b宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, & T, E! d- E3 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: * G) q$ \# ]' V( _"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚, ! T/ {9 b1 R8 {$ v2 h" U$ E7 J mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, + `! L8 Q! f! Q$ r, n5 Y# f. M3 O) S font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, ! C% o* n, O9 x. A mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 : v5 z5 ?( j- A3 u7 h& d- x mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里- A, m% y: h# A+ H; ] mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 7 B X3 k. R3 V. [! ?5 _( ^0 M mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(- D# \* f* I9 Z5 I1 K! T宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), ; a* a& {' I0 q9 t! Y& S/ s) | font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: ) F% s4 L1 q- Y; |2 P"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用. |+ W" ~& |! ]) F, g12.0pt">, ( f! P- |1 O7 c9 Y "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, ) R0 k$ [5 A! s font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 2 y5 R* ]1 h& j3 V: M* p"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, . O; a0 \! P, @* V mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!* y! b, W4 A0 j7 \9 t0 c2 y3 @. D 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 1 L) j/ T9 g+ s font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 0 J9 T9 Q: Q: d' U$ G"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: 7 H5 i. I7 O1 u3 [8 o5 |mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, # q3 q" s4 h4 h' k! j5 L8 b5 w宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, * u$ t; U6 R8 T5 Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">“ t- o# U' s+ o, |: R1 G* O& N mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”0 H% O" m) g# [3 S12.0pt"> / c; g$ U: n* u, Q1 f"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。

: _6 y( o+ q. }! p( A

 

0 O3 D# B, i" ?1 y2 c

: l& Z# ]/ m3 r; |; f! N mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, ' V v0 a# a2 d4 [. u" }, Y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, * v' P+ g- {6 |! x+ C font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: K: I g$ X' b V! y! @3 Q"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, / O& `+ \4 W, ]5 Amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, - B+ M4 {# s0 |. i8 O9 a- E T宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, 0 T6 t7 ?( B7 n3 Z- ~. l font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 7 ]% r% m( t1 p9 _% H5 N+ |; F; ["Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ 4 j6 `. O; A. n) |. {3 n Q* u7 j9 ^ mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” , W! W; t- K& q/ ]+ T: _% ` 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。

 

. B8 ~4 Y5 H& s

3 K4 ?# `+ X/ R) H# @宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣, * A- k) V7 z, R& S( K$ k0 Y3 Z# q font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构

\) s5 R( q' m3 c2 Z& w # `9 L: S% n. N7 b/ U, V8 I+ Y

 

; y1 ^* G4 t7 j. l, I8 `7 H ) j- U- Q, f: n

0 X* ~; [' D3 ^% m( P; \ mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, 2 o( N: R( v ?$ J8 D宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, 3 D" A( B, Z; Q6 lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: % Y1 q P5 F5 A"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素, 1 s7 y: ^4 |$ Y1 {* ^ mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 0 Q9 r6 r9 S% l4 W4 hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,/ e! ?9 h. w0 r) `$ j; G; W. v! U) H 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, / i. x: r4 Z& U6 E3 B2 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题9 f. B" m9 N2 u2 H; d) P* x! K12.0pt">: ; ^1 ^+ T% ~8 U "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: , q7 H4 l6 b. q+ d" u font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才1 Q) q3 H% X( y1 m/ W& U, A 12.0pt">, & Q4 k' ^" |# u"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, ! Q0 f0 s& a9 l; i! w' |. Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; 0 J$ u/ ]5 \2 C7 H0 d mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, # v$ Q3 C7 V! \- | 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, . R! y) N: [$ M% ^# u# D font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: + _. [4 x3 e4 m/ A$ d1 [# q"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题: f2 _* V3 ?" O) ?& k& J12.0pt">; 1 v" R: ~$ N6 b; I1 J "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, ! X) i' A M1 z, P0 J9 {) P font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求0 p+ N L, U+ b D6 S 12.0pt">: : e4 j0 u/ I G' B( F8 g: T"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; ) H7 H+ ?. j, ]# V2 m/ g* l+ Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: * r& e, s- H& e& o9 \9 d, X* ~' ]"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, 5 C) i( {) g( X' S" d0 M mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, 1 V$ F2 H$ `8 t |4 _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 4 W1 W: F0 g# e% B"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统% w R' k9 P1 b5 \4 r0 \9 u) D12.0pt">:

 

: T. i D0 | ?$ k3 s( E/ S

% O' Z! e F8 g/ I! hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ 2 H0 A: G0 f7 y& {3 O+ j# i- Z 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 6 q; D% {$ P5 r 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕

& a; |- F& @! z$ b* U3 A

 

( {) a" C! e* x: Q9 U+ V/ I

' y8 S. }( m8 R& H V4 f+ Tmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">

游客，如果您要查看本帖隐藏内容请回复

+ V; b9 c( O7 @/ I" Z' q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">

5 i' i9 j1 L/ z; U1 y1 z9 s$ h' W8 I

 

# b5 s B' V" m+ L" G ! p$ b L( \" j; Y

! _- s+ @# ]8 S宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总, : L- f- y, v& j0 k. n% X" R* O& `! c font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 9 C/ n _/ G, T( m% d$ b3 m4 }"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构

 

7 c5 {. j! T- x0 m$ I n/ nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, " i p4 [% s8 R9 s2 Y font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, , b% [8 O q e$ }! @宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, ( W2 i) k. \4 O4 D4 ^/ q font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: M6 w4 U; X- k, P& Q2 @! i"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思, + X+ M7 |+ j- V k! }5 w mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, ! M" V6 K6 s6 T" n$ N4 {6 P( ^( Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 3 P( A2 X; p: O! `* R" k" c) y"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, & a x, h% u; g; J0 y mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, 5 s7 d( ?9 U( m t( b 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: . s7 c$ |1 w4 T7 v4 A p6 j6 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, - v9 g+ I2 T& _4 m& x! P! p4 Mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, 4 s. d3 t2 O* w, V, o) F font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: % u9 v/ I; S1 ~"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, & r1 q! L3 V3 g/ f9 k1 X 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。

2 y$ G S; f# J2 m" m

 

3 S0 M& Q4 F3 D$ u. E3 L, P& l5 y, }- A ) M+ k8 B* j2 z6 b% n* c0 ?: e- G

' Z& O. L3 _; s2 Zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,, }3 p9 ]0 Y! c+ h0 W& S font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: ) R2 b$ i! t) B$ v9 T"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定/ w# u% }& ^' i# O% h" F& { X, Z1 |12.0pt">, 0 } F2 ~) T# e0 v1 ~ m "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, D6 X+ g7 I$ a+ I8 t, lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: / T! v( \5 v# D2 Y/ e2 j( t! f"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:1 `. s+ } w0 K2 l1 Zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, + D3 a6 o1 M$ P+ y' X0 a: M4 z宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, 5 J K) y4 }! {, Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: 5 V) |6 y) Z1 k3 z) S"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, / h. I7 ]7 S6 y) t2 b& q3 r mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, 0 N4 D6 s3 M; X5 Z+ E9 H font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: & d% Z% a: t2 E宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ ' W, M" F: b8 i5 G+ E. N5 b' E宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, 5 u$ D, n/ k5 B; o font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊