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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, * K( d& R# d9 C# z
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, , h- k' @1 c+ U9 G9 M/ Z2 d$ lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 \ x# _. X2 [- V$ B
"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, / W+ G h* i! z1 h" c F* G$ j0 b7 C宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,0 c( [0 S" \) t
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 k7 F; g# X, P# y; \$ i"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。 . t" D* a1 g8 Y# H4 q( x' p3 k8 [
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, 2 a( P+ |8 C! p/ \0 F+ _- L8 a
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, : ~+ j% c8 ]0 l& X: t) d# m5 f9 o
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"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,. w, T# c, ?- G9 a
9 [# H. B4 @" P0 o; f. r1 Jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, ( Y* S& |- C! B% V6 P& S$ \
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, + i* g p3 f7 A! Y
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"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, 6 J6 l: ]/ n- @4 o" Z7 j' Nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 3 T: a5 Q U$ z- S: G2 H( u' e z6 Q5 U
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构 % o1 [3 `/ K3 t
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* N+ t0 r9 s7 R, x0 n) f. B; y) T/ Q" hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, % w! g8 n0 f$ C( h宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ $ f$ H1 |6 ]/ s. z2 [宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” / a; { {" Y3 x% m$ `
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ 6 D+ q- x- V: ?0 t' D8 E% \宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” ( k% |) V! l+ O& I. q Z
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, ; x; A4 p6 f) X5 q% N
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ o" O& b9 q- y% q"Times New Roman"">前者为因, ; k) |/ D- k5 l
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, ! {! Y7 l1 T" e" q: z" g4 Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:3 y {! l% h1 s" B/ Y" o# F( ~
"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, ( X/ G+ g- t7 ~5 Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, - i3 E w( s# X0 ^/ m3 Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:+ H' i- V: s; I- |) p- @
"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, + O2 ]& k4 f, Y, ~ w2 ?
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: % _) o0 m0 l% K) afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
- h+ B5 Y. P/ C( l" p- U"Times New Roman"">“ u7 E2 J* n' J2 Z) o* @6 n7 V7 a2 c) o
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? # N! s# @: X8 A+ L/ b- _8 Y, }
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” ; v3 q H9 a# V% l6 C
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, 1 Z& m1 N- N8 b5 ~$ W
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
- ^8 V, m( W3 J* y6 V"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
+ f1 C% m, _& {% V+ o$ G0 }0 j! I' n+ ?9 M* n9 P% Rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。 ' E S+ X( ?2 A1 ?& w8 C% Z
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, 1 V" G5 _9 _; E7 G- `8 ]( @/ V- y
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"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, : c( K" M5 E& w2 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ x9 J6 \9 n+ g* v" S"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, # M. A( r" K+ Q$ P2 v& T' U7 ~9 Ymso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 5 q8 H3 ^( `& T) k mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里+ C- V$ j: w/ j2 n; Z) `' G mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 3 d; p$ N M; h5 Wmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(' v$ c. {2 A& B4 c) Y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), ) q6 a/ _& C4 j5 _5 B
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
8 M- P4 e9 a1 Z' F7 U/ ^"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用- y) T1 U I; P+ R) b12.0pt">, ; m4 i; I9 I& m( X% @- q2 L0 U
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, % M1 _8 k! p0 c4 N9 T3 K. u
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ o U; }& k; y: f, b: u"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, ! G% L# ~0 x' P/ Bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!0 o4 U! h# ]9 S3 I7 ]4 G+ T8 [
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 4 V; j- F% a4 e. n0 lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
1 v$ D' [; N' ^: F$ S2 @6 A3 r6 l"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: 7 k1 J2 h' e% N( Cmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, 1 T \$ [* q4 a4 ]; v1 I- W宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, 2 X" P9 B: J5 g
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
* ] ]3 A3 }7 e! N4 W"Times New Roman"">“ : E3 q+ d% I6 h
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”2 \1 Q! y+ D5 f( A12.0pt"> - l7 ?/ q' @) a1 Y$ f7 R"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。 6 r& B5 R# W9 _5 B& C1 z( @$ j
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0 ^! {4 I/ r4 {- o6 \2 Cmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, - R0 x9 s) q# y4 e宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, ( f- I5 Z$ S( D% M3 Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ a$ R, z; {) y"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, 2 S$ R2 m1 ^$ s, u& d
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, / ?* K9 m" h" t; R: r, f宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, + [' K" x; U+ t2 H6 T, ]
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
9 e& \+ j- h0 Y! E5 A+ ^"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ . @9 F# n& X/ E4 y8 S/ Z
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” [) a% \( b; A宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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1 V$ |5 S' E! l$ t宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,
" C* u- Z) J9 v; Z! g L/ N1 q2 p- n2 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" I5 w. B4 u" j! M0 y"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构 3 d: v% `- _# K* p2 T
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; m3 @6 o7 V; Cmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, 2 T6 x" `8 N2 t, ~+ U宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, " K$ P+ j D7 y- [1 mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:- B+ C; G: _- b' f$ m1 R
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 3 O! I; j; C7 B0 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* t: J9 k! j3 ~ m- O) v
"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,8 p& o0 Z, J$ s# E! D
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, 2 B) c. W& S# P- M$ X' T
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& B p; a z) m% h4 a
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题$ y- d8 w# V2 z& b; k, K1 x- _6 f7 `12.0pt">: " m/ v+ M) | u6 ~& O* w! M. q, B
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: ; {8 @7 ]6 r* b% u2 \7 zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ r# @; Q1 I, V4 n$ m x"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才. l3 q& O3 Z) X+ |8 \) j12.0pt">, 6 R$ J9 e9 ^1 B3 `% {" }( Z
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, # \0 G. F. w. c* X* F8 |4 `
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"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; 4 r% J7 q, h; \# K3 zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, ) T- I/ a( }7 h: l/ n' |
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, # V+ k0 j, A' V. K3 x* M6 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:8 T8 |* }, z! J, @9 G+ p) l
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题7 |9 q9 @9 ~# o3 M' O9 ]/ V9 \) a
12.0pt">; 8 h: T2 z9 R+ ?: m2 i/ L"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, 1 {$ A& a* c. d8 v7 ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:6 X0 z1 [7 b& B ]- [
"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求; y- r/ C' w) @- j+ y9 c/ r
12.0pt">: 3 ]$ N. L6 y0 B" R# d7 ]+ |"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; ^. [9 P; D* F; Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" j7 p4 F" S) v& ^+ c"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, 3 R% g, T% e- X: U9 Emso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, 1 B: O: O$ [! \5 r, Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. B2 s8 Y1 _: B5 C* t"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统& q5 A" J$ G7 d0 W3 Y G2 ?0 l
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@. P( d1 a8 D+ i! p+ K2 ?4 umso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ $ }1 w8 T' w7 p! R; d6 Y3 I+ n
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” / B$ x7 ` z. h. }. \5 F宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 6 H# {+ X) O! W0 W
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: C2 R. B* L s; @; _8 y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' N+ d: Q( h0 b7 K"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
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9 {, V# q5 v1 |( j5 g# Zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, 9 X, |2 c5 F$ R( d. j& _& }
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 C* c& {6 D% t& F"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, & Y8 M1 e8 k+ r5 E* A M+ `( V4 z
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, 3 Y( F* b5 y, Q: i* v; B; |
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ ?) r' v5 U: Q. X"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,9 p& w# O, w. `. Y/ ]
/ z6 A' c/ r4 C. v- r5 [mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, " V7 v t. n' F7 ]2 s* G; z+ g
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ ?' ^5 D1 T+ e"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, 7 a! k. @6 ]4 c6 b+ z. k
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, # B; {3 V+ \2 _) k
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: 1 Q! ^ J1 |- i/ P& R! a; Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* t& Z( N/ J2 Z" a/ P) u
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, - V5 |" e9 T8 E; e5 f1 e
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, . ^" y( `3 S) `0 ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" C) }+ w* O* c"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, - N( Y0 @; _) q2 D9 ]宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,; ]& p) k2 B- f7 Y" l
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:8 X& }" x1 f' x* V, M
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定! }6 R/ s; ?: D8 s9 s# k7 ]2 r12.0pt">, 6 B- y4 D8 x* w+ Y' A
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, & o5 w6 q4 T) b+ b$ N7 _# d
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:8 ]& Y4 I r) p6 n S( C% e1 p
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:! i) Z9 Y. }4 X/ }( E3 S. [mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, 3 n6 u/ o. A/ D0 W. F9 }
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, 5 o5 t: Z& ]3 X* p
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 k: s |7 V: I y8 e1 q
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, ' W7 L& T; S6 W3 k
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, 7 l% `0 |* ^0 p6 D: m4 i s" ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:7 d5 R7 [5 R2 M2 |4 O
"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: & o. L% g9 B; `) F; a! G0 Z# |" z" f宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ ~* n& E' q+ ~& e' |9 y' d宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, 9 |3 n7 T$ W4 P. ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
% b6 S- M6 z+ O, i"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
