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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, 9 b: y5 H, A7 u+ d& j宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, " ]" i# x: d4 I. Y4 wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
6 i9 @) l. _; K' Q( I8 G. x7 f"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, ' d- A; L' b" R2 F9 k/ x3 l& r# g
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,( E. e# ^4 n: o8 Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
7 z) i' n3 ?, A1 u) T"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。 * a- s# T6 L- G" }* O% T
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, 0 \) G: X! @) J# E
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; H+ m( ]. |5 Q3 [8 X"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,6 h1 y; V) y4 e6 {% _
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, ' T9 V# ]% ~3 i5 w N+ o! q& \宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, . [1 G+ c) q- c" A% s2 n' n% X1 e; m
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
) ~$ g. U9 t4 k( X! C3 _& g"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, / V( C; X& p) }% _: x( qmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, ! Z0 q# f4 l _( t1 ?: S$ i! g- x
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。 + e9 {7 A: x& \- V% Q
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,, }- V6 d- d' ?
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
6 ~* \, |& C& O$ M2 t"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, % [: s* p0 H; A8 ~3 c宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ 5 I8 r7 A* N! Q/ i
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” 0 g# C) u% N+ V s宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ 4 w8 E: e. o4 N" @' j* }宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” % e5 P; N% F7 w9 \5 T9 |
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, 9 g! M) s6 l9 K" Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 m0 J+ Y& r6 v7 I. D2 `, \"Times New Roman"">前者为因, + w4 ^0 N7 w# y. L
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, 2 E$ F0 C; o. i, {! Q9 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 P7 @; t& J* i' W' Y"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
- W( G0 P5 f9 h0 a" B9 U/ c' R5 y( R4 D9 g* I: \$ ]8 [mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, , V" Q6 `, v t s! o宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, % y9 Z1 o% f/ ?2 n0 P
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
0 ~ R* F# |& Z: C( p, t# M2 {' [4 s"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, . n6 k& ^3 K. \2 w9 F! B b
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: 9 { _2 H- Q& F/ \( | b' Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 U* @- H: e# j- A
"Times New Roman"">“ 6 p1 u% y0 g$ k$ H4 T. d+ F) p
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? 6 j- A# S8 l2 M. d
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” $ O6 i' h' p% Y' ^3 n宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, 2 X' O" @4 \* O+ d& |4 ]
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5 c4 ~5 l- a0 p"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:2 U6 h' s- c/ e) T: Y' ~
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 4 O1 Y3 C" m0 B
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( w! g) w- d0 D g; O/ Y4 X"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,* @: I L& a, A1 _ |4 y- s ?
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, * b" C: ~5 R; p+ C7 Y# J3 i8 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
* s; ^6 g G, E' X" H; L9 C& y" r"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, ) ?% U) }$ i4 g6 q2 V1 b8 S, t
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 0 U$ _9 }3 s% x" [8 I" ~! @ mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里1 l& }) S3 K$ y X( _mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 1 P2 R" q: R& \; Z( i) d) X2 rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(4 y" Y4 B$ D% v8 W. F宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), 9 F. Y/ R" a" x: E7 ]# [' ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
, l% S* z3 D& l0 t7 M1 B"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用! y" S0 k- _% d9 {8 w' K8 g12.0pt">, 0 ~( X" @( {" p/ A
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, 2 p7 F; ^# U) ?" R/ R% p: [
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
0 K: G. p- y, O/ u( u' F"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, : T7 N6 h. T. L$ wmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!# T+ ^! U9 ], Y! u. b
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, # j+ P, n$ k" a4 v# Q$ l: `
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
% x; H$ ]+ u4 w"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: ' r; \" Y( C/ w6 D8 E9 umso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, / ]. |! g5 m q; n, H宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, 0 g/ c9 i" R. f- R# q$ wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:; @: t- G. @8 z& g+ X2 |- s. {
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”4 X6 r; w1 {) U( ] c12.0pt"> ) c. h( E1 ?6 m"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。 # B/ a8 h6 C# J
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4 z1 E8 `! P( ~# i7 ^8 F. i5 a' i& jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, 6 q/ T8 `& C: X5 Y: S/ E宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, - ^. V7 ]1 p" D7 W+ @( ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; l# D- F4 C( o& ["Times New Roman"">即果溯式, ; y- |$ g& w* f$ Fmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, - T j. g6 I# I+ d) V5 V
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, / s+ R5 t" ~; b# o6 Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:, ?/ M' `! P: J
"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ 8 ?" e y( U' Y/ C1 n# ~& Cmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” $ G5 b. v( l7 x% E) \
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( t' B! G3 p. a2 A* d: ^6 R) Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:! D2 A. l" j7 D0 E
"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构 : C& D! h8 ^. w/ R1 h2 O6 [* Q
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, ; J7 m6 L, X; \% i宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, " c& l7 @$ c/ z" h3 c; u, C) E; D7 Y# _
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"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 0 u! i! ~) ^0 r- L$ t9 d+ Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 T, ]' d$ N9 c, }"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,2 G" M- c8 P/ W: d# S8 A宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, a& t& V& [, J' B$ i) H8 I
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 y! O# U) x0 M% Y2 D- }
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题# Q% V4 d& O5 R7 L5 G0 T; i12.0pt">: 0 L2 z+ A: i& f& v"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: / J, t+ y$ t2 x, N7 \+ \/ R. hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' e% \* Q4 \. {$ B( Y"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才- C. d* {; { u# L% }
12.0pt">, - D) T& Z! f+ @6 S1 p9 E; n"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, * J% P) Y I' w0 G8 S& u( V
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
, Y! S$ m6 U( t"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; * \2 Z, r! ~4 s3 xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, . B6 z) A0 t R! H P+ w+ h宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, $ {7 f) H' }; Q c5 R8 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" z4 M' r# c8 q" z( `+ s+ F"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题+ e& K9 V5 y# ?+ h% \! {( x* j! u
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, 3 ]" O6 a+ U0 H, s( ^6 o
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"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求% h6 X) w# P8 w$ _* C. b: S7 u
12.0pt">: 5 T. u. S6 f% \3 S+ b& c+ W8 K& L G"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; ) Q+ ?3 B+ [$ k+ O' Z& @( Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
8 a3 O( R: Z6 B! q. s"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, : [8 u) G- b. ~! U6 C4 m
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, 1 B9 s2 ~5 n6 T: }
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ z8 w F+ l; N+ d# m- j) o3 G"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统: j4 _: g8 T+ j" @
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ / y/ k2 F; \, x: K3 w K. P" P
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” : R0 v" f& p4 F$ M& ]2 X
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 ; [* D" b/ `( `5 F: D3 w- E$ J$ e
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"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构 , [6 R+ R% _( H- ^1 m
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, 2 f1 d, Q9 P, i* b* [0 |
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"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, O3 s# Z# q9 U3 M( h; d) G宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, 0 K/ R4 ?# k+ K' q( \
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"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,( o% n7 r" Y$ D- T9 W
( j! u: A( f. u% D" I8 |2 gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, 1 x+ R& z5 T( N( A( `& D& K% Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 `& c3 q @- e( L4 B G"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, % Q" W3 p! n) \! y1 g; p' K$ xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, 2 U8 u9 U$ n& g5 B; H5 r1 K5 u
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: 8 A1 ~! r2 T) g
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 |( l6 w, H0 Y: k( t6 G- `"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, ! \- S; ]; j; }, Hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, # Q& H0 |/ Z u% r! _8 q; U/ H) u
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"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, ; t( I @3 F& ^7 B7 t X宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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7 I$ B% [9 K6 }4 R8 |6 m% E0 p. ?0 ?; v" f4 m: D+ C+ G6 {
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上," q/ c- |+ k; ?. m Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:; h h) H6 t. N, V* q9 t8 L" b
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定0 K- I8 r6 I; s
12.0pt">, % f K( A- ]* S! d
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 8 `9 }1 w# s/ {5 H8 }) [( mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
# F5 `# s$ e6 E( o& ], ?! C2 s"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:, O( e# Z1 O2 i7 ?# [" L# ~# _mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, & C; T" \- _" H' c2 X+ n2 ~
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, % j3 z7 p) r* E0 I" u! O6 L0 ~+ afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( N* Y" S7 r( ?4 n, a; j. g"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, 3 f* {/ C' j& a! a3 N Ymso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, 2 |* n4 Z) K6 ^# W* d- M1 |; g( \
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"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: 1 }% Z v, }, Y+ x宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ , g7 Y' D R% g9 u% y+ x! i
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, " n& k v7 @1 ?7 T* f* y
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$ q" w; `6 J8 g1 {/ G) J"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
