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0 Z0 d: N t0 O. I( V1 HTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网! `' \# t$ q2 S( @( Z; V" h* Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ3 Y1 F8 K) f* C$ s7 d& u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。6 K7 K$ N) d. F1 |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英:9 g# Y3 x! n8 z8 {8 j7 N* R. emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第; u& n3 l' f, B, b1 E, O; a* Z& i9 t8 T$ p
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3 O$ n! l( F; A1 h- {% d/ F/ umso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:- x7 F1 F1 ~2 |3 G' Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 r2 Y9 e$ }5 pmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
' ?+ y' k9 A9 G# t* B2 S" amso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。7 ~, _* c' S( ~5 v+ F0 @
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4 |. _0 r5 O h& lmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:3 U" ~# h% K) c+ h4 I# O9 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 I9 i% ^% o1 B* |$ X5 ?5 |7 H
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。; W: o; ^2 j2 H* K _& Scolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' h$ e. G7 X# D; Z! T( D. k5 l
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:3 h6 _- ~+ ^; q: X5 P+ rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: z% I- U( l5 j8 D' l
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+ P. s" y5 F. r! \" x( amso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?# ]7 M4 A& Y8 U9 |" j6 m! Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”* H. u. F4 b# qmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;& O3 O p, ?, ~8 d' ^6 d
mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰:. g6 k) G( k/ l- k# Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& _- i' ]& I! L, w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。/ Z8 Z! s, Z+ k4 f, n
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。2 K# i0 k' [7 c1 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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8 v( V. }5 o, t) g: Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:! F2 g3 a0 O) V6 }6 ]; h, L! k
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。. [" j3 A+ `) \0 n
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( e2 L3 A& m% z6 c8 y9 p6 a* Q4 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:9 J' F+ D' y8 l- h; n4 E" f- a6 W
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。: |. L% v% ?2 \# {* amso-font-kerning:0pt">"/ a: g( Q+ z/ b% c
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0 a0 K! L. H: p b6 J: ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:% G, |3 h. b) Amso-font-kerning:0pt">"9 u) e k1 Z. Y, [4 l! N. n
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7 C+ Q- V$ M5 e* Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢+ {0 m' y& `5 g3 s6 x! _1 ?3 T
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$ x5 w: ?3 U |2 E$ ?1 Y X% Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:" H# W* k( L0 x5 {3 G2 _; G
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2 ]. [0 M1 R; ^% |" v3 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。 O! z+ i K0 C+ G+ p- F) P) g
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6 E0 \) P. D$ J5 S9 _$ i/ ~5 }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是 ?: w0 g T; d+ ]! U- z6 b2 a' l5 ~' H
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得# ^. u- |$ G7 i; F% F2 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" B! `$ I8 h$ Z+ c0 ^+ s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲5 G, y2 o9 u+ F" E, b( |$ `0 z5 z1 b, ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“' z2 P6 j2 ~5 x& I$ @% qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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* r- s0 y1 p& Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,* d. z7 c& g. V' s E H; H8 B" A {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& J3 H) n7 }, z- V, ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& F" c6 B& |; M. B5 j
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。, ]+ ]- S+ K: g3 O5 c! ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。' m2 V! x% F- ?$ D0 j% z% \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:为什么说以礼事亲才是孝?2 ?9 \5 M: E0 J _7 E! Q8 _0 j0 b/ \
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9 `2 d/ \; |: J* v9 n% \/ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。1 ?# P' A( t6 f5 |, s' w
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4 R" g/ m# t6 p8 s: `: i# A$ b& aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义 y2 v: v) {' T$ B* K; emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 n! P/ H& P6 M* t! cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!# p( K; u$ N- A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。9 t B7 ^5 D7 p8 n1 u1 q- t. e% Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老,昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述- M: i, j2 ?# H# Z. h9 h) y& B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊! w: H( B0 I+ o! V9 z3 V- Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 A, u* f- v6 x7 m0 e fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。' [: O9 U1 N, jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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4 [& F7 h' {: `- {7 VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。( a; i' D8 U6 ^: r: t R9 b
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( U0 ^ l6 I J/ y( Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。( J% N1 d l9 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ ?2 z+ b% f) q$ s8 p! K
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1 H: G+ N" k1 I" F& Q1 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:' b# t& [: \4 E6 Y { Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。9 D3 Y6 _3 {" W! lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 Z; e3 k4 M9 `) v( G: jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; ?- \6 U8 t2 x9 \9 d
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个6 i0 L" J/ G" y' b1 H
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+ H" Y- f2 U; Z& N7 k* {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬, o: |2 l+ W8 A" r! U {mso-font-kerning:0pt">”# s& ^5 V1 Y; wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% L+ h9 }3 I5 N
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为7 r* T5 c5 z" F3 G1 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% d6 q: N% C+ N* P: v1 U& b% C0 |5 h# lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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+ G6 B8 m2 J/ W6 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。# k$ \ ~. K$ Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯,这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从,陷亲不义,一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的" f7 \& g, i# K5 t% ~9 R& l b9 amso-font-kerning:0pt">“. |" d9 o: F* z; `7 v9 m. q
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3 t# k7 a) D8 ?5 _5 q3 H4 ~! |* O0 a( Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思6 u$ I: A0 P: C3 J( H6 ~
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