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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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4 o1 } T7 H- h! [. ?" [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第 N# ?; s% O3 \: D. ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。6 K$ \; X6 k& h* ]! \3 z _mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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( ~$ _: e3 G" `- f# X2 V; TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。# `5 ]/ ^% r5 o7 R# J. c! m @: xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- j8 } T5 A; o9 I; Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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0 N0 ?+ H* d$ L% x# Y" \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。" e% d8 A( o4 ?$ Q% O: q: q
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# B5 O8 s, V; j) p6 Y7 \! wmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是9 E3 c( U: a8 l" S5 j! Y0pt">‘, G6 j$ e/ X1 K- k& qTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;! |% O& z% {. w4 b' v5 u$ ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？( }! V |; ~# v, w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，5 c- i4 f: @" Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">"* I+ l9 x! u9 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# P% I* n5 H; H6 D; b
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9 K" L/ h) Q& U+ A9 `8 F4 l! E3 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语1 P7 `6 m- S) d5 P* \2 m# M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种$ J' M6 C( ^ O% X* G4 W8 t( ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“; s: A N* c# [1 C3 i* \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的2 u2 g8 P8 T+ K! a. pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: M; h; R9 D$ [* x4 R% X9 m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，- M9 O, R3 y; U+ C$ v4 X& [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“" O" |+ a# W$ w, q* A% ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" p( U k7 @! |' @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。8 M" p @8 B' Z+ T6 S+ wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 F" b2 k' i0 E9 O- J2 w. G& @+ uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌5 C7 i4 B k: ~6 t
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* k) @- [6 X- h3 imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。- c0 R1 {, c2 x" w2 N2 }5 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. r4 t2 r h' e
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) `# O" b8 Y, u. Z7 f' `' g6 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）. @& u: _5 y7 y' j& Y+ j3 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“* l1 e; L1 e$ L1 x& `9 d3 Q2 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; E% k. r2 P0 `; ?/ i" b$ ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。! }$ Y a+ v6 y. i' W% R
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4 o% ?- z0 _6 p: T0 e8 Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语, A8 p4 e: N3 D( _mso-font-kerning:0pt">•1 @% W2 F6 P* U* F) a* J' x
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* ?5 h7 [1 R7 t9 |& zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过0 F U, y& Q ]4 r$ B
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! n7 ~6 u. E8 R* g amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨- @0 l+ U, t. a1 m- ]8 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ X& k2 F3 T7 s$ i& v S, f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。: a! f. P+ h& s8 o! b$ ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。 O- o+ d& h7 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 l! ?. h, E1 y* G6 uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。' q" a3 T1 y5 p- Umso-font-kerning:0pt">——* J: l$ ~& b, U7 P9 x8 `
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# @; }/ `5 c& m, E% e+ bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”& N6 ^, q% W3 K, I/ n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。; D/ D) s: ?! b# d3 O! D0 h- {3 S' ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。, Y$ x4 \/ h; p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于+ j5 F: r& X1 G( S8 b. B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨- L# y3 Z3 p: Y; \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓3 I" G/ z o( l3 q2 g6 f1 V' jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- n' R/ P% |5 d0 d( ?2 w
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# \* v- A2 C1 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓% s! B; x$ Q! r. D, @, @6 I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓$ x3 d- U- i4 g4 i1 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“# K, b7 \9 k+ l$ T' D1 b: R& a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群* w n" q# o+ g. K; B" B8 T
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' G/ \1 I0 j4 J7 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓" z) ]9 b0 e& k$ p$ Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' i, r e) G- Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
?2 s7 V$ ^7 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨/ K* v4 ~: P. O; p: B
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" L I# K) P" F, q: V/ K/ R$ R& zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼3 l6 R1 m4 Z+ e) N/ w Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% d% o' i$ D) m( efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ g# g F8 s/ n7 ]$ \& j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语+ l- K( G7 i* R# X. T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能7 k' @: A3 `) C" Y ]7 C* V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人% _9 {4 }2 N$ e( O- w, Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& t2 X" l! r# D& B" J
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$ T7 P. \7 u/ v( y: l5 Y* V, ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。# }: E, v. L: Y! c; X
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4 I6 _: O. R# vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。, b5 C0 h0 u( r, S; z! m1 O# r
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提升卡
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喧嚣卡
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抢沙发
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300x180 AD
