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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第) t+ f" x- x( [- b2 u" S/ D- Imso-font-kerning:0pt">27 r m. G/ t7 D$ v; Z0 S) C& c0 a
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; Z$ x# y6 l- b* L* b: W9 smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：; a' t& a, s/ s# H# G" h) n
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% {( }; |6 R# F/ p7 I zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。 I/ H9 `& g' b" L4 b( `
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! I& Q- y7 X" Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经& e. c+ J; W+ B" s9 ^! ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">•2 P4 t) J3 @9 ~3 B9 I6 Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ Q1 u1 A& R- I/ a* g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。3 |7 ?) }6 b3 Z
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8 b) c! s* U% e& }* UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：; Q O6 I* Q1 A& Q! M
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是9 D% x; V) R4 U3 f
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' C9 p" Z$ i7 l! P. K. }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？: ]0 ^2 w2 y$ N+ J
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5 g8 u. Q# C% G, T9 [8 U* s7 qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，/ P6 V z' r. ]
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2 {8 l. m: x- rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。 i, v* u: C! \" p. i/ K' d# P4 b) Fmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' w2 n0 I0 b& G, C0 H7 ]
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐- n, g. g- l* K* Y# ?
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$ V$ m6 S& [( P& Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语- Z9 p+ q7 N4 T; P! P4 A, ]
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种, T5 \' P) E* d5 z- @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: L- x) G! ~. X) Q% Z1 k7 Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& m$ Y, s" t- T2 i
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4 D$ o. _9 Q* Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的) C H$ w, O9 [2 a% v
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7 _) ~. E0 C+ j b2 ~3 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐$ o7 |. O( m+ ?) Y Z6 k4 ^) d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，( }6 ^9 C( B( z0 {% a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。( ~$ @ E! r. A) X3 u( h2 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 M( h4 f2 A& V9 T! I3 ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌" A9 X- b- P& X0 ?' o* Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视1 j( \/ h' n, Z4 t# L5 b" ~+ j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：# C9 Z' x, T% X& n4 X7 E! W- @
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9 R% v5 r+ V' umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语/ Y% [# [ j" a% V" m* D
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" y5 H: R/ w3 f2 L# Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。$ q9 F/ v' E4 ]) G1 O8 r5 f& v2 ]$ C
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: i% C7 H: [- W! E* Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过5 G4 _. l3 e* d8 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; g/ m$ K/ l! |7 A4 [+ m
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/ ^; x9 T$ H( g+ q9 g7 `' o. n% Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨$ ?7 B; Q# h5 S% H' ?& B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人) y2 a6 n( j1 u0 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& c6 l0 L# O- Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 q& R w5 Q1 l+ H4 q
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/ k# B7 u: o' _ ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。. D: ]* p% ?9 l' u/ y9 }3 N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。! u) | ?1 s# W7 E
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。% R# J# ] Q4 emso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ t' l/ w! v+ Q3 `) j/ N+ E7 |5 a) Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 ^( |0 G3 H5 R0 T) Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃 F' n x) e; J5 x$ [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”1 d$ n5 e( r* F/ C7 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ K" P% t |+ I: n8 D+ W& Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" W: m7 D$ d3 }& L3 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。! S- ]/ g- c- A6 kmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 8 V) m S$ N& U
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0 d- f+ R) f' H# U3 [0 S. D1 Z+ [6 j/ Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。' H/ t/ G( M" J) p: q' d
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$ @! Z0 v, Y' w/ y/ Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于% X! ^2 o9 a( _% f0 f
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9 ~+ o! L4 d; C% v" X) L3 K' S% gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨1 R1 V+ S% J' ~: }7 X, e
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2 R. C2 ` [6 B9 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓! N, P4 w2 j+ O+ |0 |1 ^* o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴3 n$ i# f0 D, q! g/ _! L& d/ smso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 m" h3 O+ i4 q: ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- I/ Q$ `+ V8 P" l/ ]5 W! z$ [
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓4 y }, k! i" ~" G2 q Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ V$ }0 b" f; V3 W
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# R' C- F9 x( @6 L& Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观, ~% @$ r+ O. x3 L: w5 R! ^3 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ d2 |1 M* ^# B7 O @( ?5 k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓* J0 B+ A7 i7 F, n( v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群6 L- [ Q( s# {) N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓 ^2 x- B0 ]1 t5 u5 u5 H/ G1 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% W7 O3 k" c( d P0 i
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( N7 s0 u% s8 e4 @
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨! W# Q4 r% G3 L% l6 V
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 I. S W) D- W/ R qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# I: Y: C5 l0 Q3 ]' i3 e) emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼# r( M7 j. G1 z9 W- {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 Q+ U* \% h5 Y& t
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 J- [* Z4 a2 a8 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤+ Z3 K1 q P! U! a w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语 h* L; b4 E# t( ?6 f/ k6 smso-font-kerning:0pt">.2 z; P/ ~/ {* a
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6 r5 x4 V2 {0 O% A, R- p6 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能' Z4 P% w! y: K: V9 p: C
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+ @: H9 J) G* M* l. lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒+ X x9 t& \" K* j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹9 q# F5 Y; B- G: M/ g2 Z4 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">.* H5 o% {; b# E1 y. f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人& b: b% a$ o7 J/ e8 P( K
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 x6 K- y) a" C0 \3 D8 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 z9 H9 g. u! Q3 j3 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪9 j- O' p, ~# l( F* lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”' s) K" J; o+ s& O1 }6 x0 r8 K
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1 c6 V6 p$ r' a2 w/ D$ l9 y+ emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。0 P A3 f# ?& b' F4 O' v. N
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. I' N# m6 Q; ^$ oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。& s i6 C$ k* l G( Imso-font-kerning:0pt">8 r. c1 _' |9 F0 O8 F6 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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* C2 O% c9 |' o! q. d4 |) H$ ^Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：4 g; x$ S3 z- P- e" @6 [6 k0 o0 {0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理- ?' ~: j2 I- m9 e9 V0pt"> . Z9 U" F, h/ T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。$ c! d: [' c. e/ \, Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. C$ _' \( C4 [! ^3 }% u) e3 _, omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱( ]" Y) W% }6 a: I) Y/ o; Ymso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' x* m, S, S4 {6 \- `
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">求觉迷者：, l# i( s: y' ?2 r: x0pt"> $ D; F0 M/ Z) W7 U$ x. _. ?) s; L; o
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧0 B) T2 K) s+ t) _( b
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300x180 AD
