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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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9 j, S$ M O) q' L8 MTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：0 P/ ~0 f: `" O9 ~; K; Y0pt"> : N2 C4 X- D3 y P9 t
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$ W( P8 n8 O' U' STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第& q3 q9 G/ s" ?4 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">2, B6 a0 {& j+ q' y1 N! O2 F
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7 E: u6 o9 t1 X- z& pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。9 x2 I! |# u+ H$ r& emso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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4 |! [. C" M' u' v: pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。# \; v2 x* M) z$ D' Z, I* s; p0 \/ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 B6 M: Q" v f9 d& V9 r) V! k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经2 C; \% \) a0 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">•0 l* b" c7 F. G$ j5 w9 @# Y
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# Z0 R7 x) k7 b' }) Y6 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。8 V- Y: ]: H# l* Z9 smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：% n7 T. n6 ^: s: Y0pt">“/ R) H$ e$ [( i9 }+ W) g' o
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是( T. p( [; ^' S4 |) r* @5 E/ F+ n0pt">‘2 e! Z& u/ Z4 h& V! P
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7 E: m( ^) ]% m- q" jmso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。( J0 Q! ^4 [+ \# s/ P& W$ U1 f10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？- Z/ m+ k) S8 M! U
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，% ]; h: Q0 S# I% @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。5 Y% o: D' D6 m8 E7 ]/ k! O
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐% X0 N$ A( e! x) y. X+ D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语2 o0 F0 e9 G% U2 w" [+ U" E10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">•' n: j" o6 n/ i, y- l* {8 O
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# r) w2 s" V" ]/ u ? S1 r, }' tmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种4 x. b7 l' X& [( |% _2 n/ Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, s# T! i" ~3 ?0 B7 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; h6 _3 Z7 [) q p% u8 f5 S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的 ]# \. c' d: {* D, {# R6 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 [( e+ g# s$ Y6 n& @. kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ X; ^ m p/ N; `" a# [( X; q4 g- ~- Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐; L' g1 w7 i( ~
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! B6 t2 O7 l5 d4 \& o' z3 [7 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，; r, M7 R( ^/ d3 k( ^' f8 M; B: F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教0 g- o& P& k- V* x" [4 M" D) w
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5 |: |" |3 l% n: r" j$ |6 nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">、& o X6 O" e+ X6 F1 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ I& I x6 S0 @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, K. j# C! n# q5 ~( n- |( `; y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教, @5 D8 z8 V" y$ K# R3 M& p2 M, C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。" a: h% i! Q" \" vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌0 H; s; ]: q/ T- C: f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视! U* C8 N/ }6 ~) z' x( Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# y4 Q, F# B; y Y% N& _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 S, L) ^6 n* k7 z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗, p: R3 U/ N! R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：9 I- w( E6 O7 T$ `( S8 k+ W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。/ s# L0 Y8 s4 E' Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 ~3 L2 ^- P' }2 W3 x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语& b: R t9 w% o* J6 h
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8 J) i, Q4 I1 u7 A bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）3 B% |- j0 i! L; F! b- `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。 s) H M& |, {6 N
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3 J. v. [. s0 }0 @( k/ m5 `+ c& xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语 q* D h/ f. \ s; U
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' Y- j' `1 p0 o% l4 y3 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过( R) t7 j0 z& T! k) P: V7 ?, F
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; i) @0 D* p l& ~: mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨/ ] N& U% i4 ^! Z- }) Y8 Q6 D
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: d) r6 ]$ g, J6 Q: }6 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人& `. ]) B. T% {& Z$ }3 y: F
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) X" P3 d2 p- V2 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪, p/ F2 k9 p% zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 Z3 T2 |2 v% r# C6 W! h: g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。" Y- O/ I( N+ g/ h: G, [
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; b: u+ d& d+ |6 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。( v* k: a% G6 D, q9 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">” & N. u1 K, z0 v
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+ R( \& A' h2 V8 qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。+ u' H& W; {" k: D' Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">"' g3 x/ G3 y( U4 x8 W- ^
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# Y( h3 u, l7 z( ~2 B. G. Q7 Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。) m( ]6 w8 q ?
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/ o' ]" t. H1 H: E; k/ I7 F" T/ zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。3 ^+ P5 C% W# g' b# u* t& x, A
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" I* r% F* W* L( Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”3 t: m) ^( f0 Y D5 ^7 L7 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">——- z; |( D) L N( D1 D9 a: U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。 x( _; V2 G& g. G2 Q- Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。. l5 S4 `; o6 L5 X3 w, }# C7 G% qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. I* l1 b* Q; N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于/ R i' `5 G6 l5 _
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# p6 p2 }4 ~5 ]! P! \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观' z. O+ k5 o2 ]& c0 s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓" ^6 }& w; i: |8 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. C: V# D2 F( A; G
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m) y) F3 x4 j' Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓5 r, @* Q% i7 b8 C: {& N, Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 k0 Z7 d8 X- lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 U3 Q" ~, i* V/ f% l8 B$ ~7 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观( h) { O* {/ s& |3 k% z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓: b/ k+ }$ V+ w" h4 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 d! i" \' i- S' X0 Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, K- h0 T; Y5 G) D- r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓0 p+ a; C, j& j0 S( Y
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/ K& j& y0 Y" K' {1 U% hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼% T. K4 G$ h7 N& P; t. i; P* y
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# I4 A4 V% e9 P' s& nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤# [6 u# B& A: h$ w4 \9 q
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% C0 y' A Q6 {2 omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语6 v4 g5 T6 W0 N4 {8 e0 s# O( x3 ~7 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">.8 U U8 @4 P+ W8 j2 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; m/ U0 V: o$ L2 f" [0 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能" b6 Y# Y* C; ?4 b/ j y2 T3 ^# K# Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“" N2 L W3 b" x* j$ j6 h' `! Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% Z$ J% C" I1 ~/ A3 p Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒 F9 l" m1 g/ u; l$ F! Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& h1 d+ l$ I- s+ G8 S- Q% z# zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& u/ x0 w0 f* b8 Y6 f% _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人0 Z8 F2 p) K- b' N) v# D
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6 h! W+ X3 R8 R" h( _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。; {: c: r! R+ P1 ^. F! ^9 C7 e
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# g/ Q: T7 `, B4 A0 zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。 C- d: p! H' u9 l/ k8 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">9 Z. c6 L4 e6 I; s
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9 f, j7 \, [3 l% G. Z% WTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：9 L: N% n- ?/ \( `2 J4 W
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理# Z* ]- y, a: e$ ^4 \) _0pt"> 3 w0 j2 @! P Y1 q6 e: ~" x
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。4 A7 ? E1 U, q3 S: M/ ~ Q. W
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
