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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 9 Y. a- `& O. zmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第: E: @1 O, p% C* q2 x, ?
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; w$ y2 O/ v% I3 G: [9 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。5 ~: ^2 C7 z# t- v2 }, jcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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5 t8 k2 V* H! ?/ ?+ U1 h! CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。) z" Y$ w$ Z" P7 N7 q+ z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：1 I2 K* R# s# [4 f- G! C7 |( s
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" I% h& o7 R1 u6 m4 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。 y1 Y6 U8 S% d2 @. ]" Z
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: L, E7 X$ e1 ?+ E" ?% n9 X# Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？0 e2 {; J7 o( v" B( ~ [$ h
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' v( d5 l; \8 L% H3 R5 ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。, @! X( g( U2 W8 r! ?9 d$ Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服1 D1 ]( k: }4 A9 x4 Smso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 m" @. y$ _9 u$ M: q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢) d) d, c F: cmso-font-kerning:0pt"> + W; G$ b( Q! }: G: q7 f& t1 Z1 s2 ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服. _# r, L% s/ _9 ^' w5 f4 H# d
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! I& y+ ~0 t0 U2 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。' x: E0 ?' i1 `( d% m9 i* ~0 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">" 2 f. U: R7 J1 I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新8 r) c1 ~0 q% ^% Q: r$ \% R% P; y9 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' k2 ~* t! u- W y, \8 zTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白- E4 | |* N" { K+ S+ [mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 v2 E$ n7 h( s5 M7 W" d4 ^, M
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9 w. _/ O. ?0 u4 [- }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学 Q, t' c: ?; l* I p' Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么8 E- I9 B+ y5 ? emso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 K7 ^: _1 I# \1 I# N' afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& s6 G4 z. D* i% tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？) ^$ A n. R6 u; r0 D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”8 v/ K6 G0 p! ~0 E2 O- V. Q
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1 W9 J% _6 x5 x2 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。: Y5 m2 E2 e3 B# W+ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">"! d: M/ {( y6 d3 k' ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( R# [9 |2 g# g! J/ d5 ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">本身就包含着德治与法治相结合的观点。( L6 Y% D4 ? W& \1 X5 A6 s1 r
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1 H7 q7 z) H Q& {; M7 Z8 |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚% [! o. p0 o* e ~mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 i! V) o ?5 w8 L) m
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: ^: m& q$ D0 N+ _2 F* jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！8 n1 X# e! |" L
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假: ]. o( U) }- z! Y# S0 @6 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> % U# R* q: U' S2 K- ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是4 r" Z+ K/ _0 `! m2 y( [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 V$ ^7 D; d6 q3 Y% b0 A! yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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" J& R; L( Z% ?- O! \$ }3 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。 x4 K C( |5 [* X2 i0 _
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$ B4 e$ S! g7 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴% g- K$ T! \( x4 h# C Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 U6 b s3 f8 F
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; W# i% F& P. N6 t, imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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