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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ' f8 k9 d/ A$ {* Wmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:% x- }0 M( A' M% H( o$ w( r
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5 [4 @; C7 q( J* sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第. n1 L; o- j* Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">1, G5 @- f, M [9 X; {# ?6 |% Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：- d% N2 v0 e" `% c, [% E1 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">"$ Z: O8 s- F0 H8 [9 Dmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;) E- I& I9 I k# T% Z8 G6 a1 X
mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。* s% z( f7 d2 J4 _color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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' f1 t. ^: w d# U& C6 p& STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。% f" A) p* b" _( u# L. \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 _7 n4 _. n2 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。3 k$ F8 ?3 Q0 m8 Z" U2 \. f4 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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) {9 U) H+ `; P# F, o8 O' BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。" B% b) a8 \4 k2 o" |! }mso-font-kerning:0pt"> . U) ?0 b( N1 h& Z/ Y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服5 [; j. \& r; L* |& k
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: I. \8 M7 A/ F$ Q( q: Z0 aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢/ s% P% a. I0 F# b7 w& Q( s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服$ v" E$ [4 F D0 X) fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——& B3 g" h( H1 k7 { U5 U/ K) b* o! y6 ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 \! S. m: U% F' T$ Z% ?; D
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的. B2 Y$ I1 T# c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。) z: t$ J' ^, x. ]9 z$ u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新% d. _% Z1 `/ e- u
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白4 P Z; ^4 l% i" w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学2 h3 B' T& M; Q& W5 \. d7 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？" ~. R4 w- Y; lmso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ T8 h" Z4 w" F3 y( x: C
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”% z/ ^3 s* ~! q6 D# {) m. Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——8 q8 M5 L' X" D% m$ i. {; c! Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" @# B( U0 M: q* ^4 o8 n: ?2 Q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说# V% T F' x) {# |4 w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。7 n4 z {( S: _% U; [; s" ?
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚$ s8 p% V+ R4 t# W3 wmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; F0 F' R/ e; A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！" d! E: Z/ E3 T6 @- j1 {4 A; Q
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$ v2 P8 W; A _' O! fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假4 ]5 ]# ~/ J2 E, ?) G- Y/ E: Zmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; B3 M* U. U. W- f2 x8 M, L/ A
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/ x* Y4 _$ s& E: F, ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是& j* Z+ i N% g, O( Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 u- G- o0 q* e0 C5 \% ]* f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题3 S6 L& A* s% w4 Z0 ~% ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; P7 j {( ~; q5 Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 j" x- o/ C. R3 p; U- Z3 b7 @8 c
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。0 w$ q5 M$ {( H, c, _4 H# Z/ q& @+ z, omso-font-kerning:0pt">“% V" \. c2 _: l6 A6 o" {1 gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 }2 w1 k5 Z' ~8 v1 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴) L% q* w: d) smso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 A8 ~( \2 }0 U, Z
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4 h: O- K. i) e( A$ }2 }) F) Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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