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3 i) Y6 j I' X4 v' F3 ?" R* E( y"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, 1 Y5 _9 F5 u# }# h* l% r宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,; Z: N! V& R/ A2 d) W
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"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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) S9 Q( K+ {+ T9 t/ Z& O"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
. E0 f8 M3 S; o& j1 }/ }; i: Z s4 W) _9 h: c( \4 W% g; Rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, . J' O: V9 r* M8 Z/ `
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, ) X, Z2 s% U }* M% _
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
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* v2 q1 H7 H8 Q6 f6 v3 n8 F6 j"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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/ \/ Q5 ^" h' ^* ]! s/ `# z3 b. _$ Z& p- Wmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, 5 r7 c Q( V4 S; `# Q1 `宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ : m/ P# }& D% J* X. J宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” , _* P. m! U+ g( t6 c" }宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ / `9 n5 n7 p7 q- T% o" Q: o
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” ! `( S3 o( B7 W* n9 u
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% J* c2 k3 }6 t2 J% c: F"Times New Roman"">前者为因, ; `& S; ~( K6 H9 T5 s/ c, j( N! Rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, ; h% U _% z: I9 O* O; Z9 kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
8 s0 [ l; s7 {* d4 `"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,( m3 q! R4 S3 T, ]5 ^: D
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' [) A8 x0 @. J' k"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, * b% x# O* y& E' ]" b
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: . x2 w* J( q8 n( k7 K$ o0 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% H- ~1 G7 w" `5 d2 n; _( l
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, 8 x2 u. T! b3 o, k* X5 \+ ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 t0 E* T: L2 z4 l"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。 + G: W# ]0 d, d4 m( r2 D
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5 {" a8 o2 u% i4 j"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, . y$ w! g0 B8 k& g
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 , C0 J/ p- Z1 ]9 _9 F9 U1 G' c! @ Q" [ mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里9 P) Z) ~( V. K4 Q6 g- X& C. ^5 O
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 7 h* z* Z3 o, @8 k4 \mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(7 ?! y1 s$ b* F; `宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), 4 i( u6 t5 \/ _9 F+ T
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"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用" v6 j, C3 k. s+ a# E2 m1 h0 I
12.0pt">, ' l1 R; o2 h. F) \; @+ Q"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, - q8 D. [2 x# b4 H& s6 ~5 ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 p# ]& |/ _* { ~! p3 l
"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, 9 ^6 t; f8 n; b$ u( rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为! w( d1 X' q( H8 _宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 8 m5 K# h9 ^3 J7 a: n% l6 ~" D
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"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: ( d- u9 X& g: ?mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, 2 m! ?1 z( r3 a: O1 H9 ]
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, 4 b! _' v V* ?3 Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
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$ l& `/ ]! e. o8 Y- L2 B' F"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, , H% L6 f9 y) ?6 U6 ]: y# ]mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, 1 f4 G6 B9 J+ B; E
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, . T" X5 E! O) k2 v) k0 e- t
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, m! i5 b3 ] Z- m1 A2 ] l$ f' Z"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ 9 `) K! }6 G( H& |mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” 5 o3 p/ P) P, `9 |
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, ; ~+ C, |3 k x4 p5 b3 [ ~
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, + d4 R8 v' ^ ~% |* Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ x `* l- R i" O- N$ z6 g"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
8 a+ D1 c5 _+ @5 W( {/ v# k, F% b J8 ]/ xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, " S5 b9 C1 m) I) ]: k$ l6 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ i3 S( s. x8 r2 \
"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,/ J7 d) u! _: a% |, j宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, / T7 ]- d8 Z/ g9 S$ Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; s( `9 z) C7 m"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题" }! R# d5 ]9 m* C) m
12.0pt">: , j% B. z" Y& N4 _3 g1 W M! d) G# m"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: 3 g0 [: L# t% d! B. O( Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: J9 m' `7 u# c2 Y- G
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, & d1 X$ K8 t% [( L$ Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% p" A* Q5 k5 Q
"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; 4 M9 x) `+ B/ A$ f( {0 [8 h9 `mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, 0 \6 d3 v, d9 z: f' {3 A
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12.0pt">: 5 i5 h5 I+ N. I+ ~"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; , ?3 t. b4 u( @- O3 c! ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
0 f# I; u# O$ l4 _% ^"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, ( E1 }' U) [& y2 m
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, . t6 O) O5 S8 ]3 p( w( jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% u& R1 P0 @0 B" o$ B
"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统: O" e" `- x0 N& p! r; Z' a
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( A! I: e! A' N$ O5 [/ z: j"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, 5 n/ E5 p) d/ s* m& I8 S
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: 6 k: B+ D2 a# ]2 w, e+ C3 y
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5 T2 e; ^7 c0 W1 ~2 o7 C"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, ; w8 ^5 J+ n8 w2 g3 l1 S. y( T宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,7 X0 v' P7 W7 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:; x& D+ _0 f* G: h( X) Q
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定: Y% `+ N$ ^! a0 ?, w' ~
12.0pt">, 4 y1 n+ l! R8 e( j8 N4 X"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, w, w9 _/ Y) W9 h: Q3 G M% @4 ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" y- B* ]* D0 @
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:( u" r+ V, v5 r$ r3 K b1 S& `mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, % s! [# p4 d) ^6 t; {$ n宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, * ?+ a/ l6 H |/ b2 p: A0 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" [# g/ j; X. b2 P( ^( |8 \
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, + }" R$ _) [9 U: U( N
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, 2 R# w+ ^5 G7 A) T& t8 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
# C* z" k# ~* x& C v3 l5 ?! R"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: % S" x" D) s/ D9 l+ N
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ 9 s" F5 @$ L$ [" Q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, 9 d. o8 S5 u! B4 I) l! ~; efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:3 `1 O! `9 \5 |7 K
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
