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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： % B7 q4 l5 }+ Q. S( k3 C
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1 u" T, h/ q |% C9 \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第) H6 [3 S* i0 ~- G5 Z) ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">1. T# K j0 C) \1 s# ?: d
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：0 F6 P+ x* [ ?, v3 u- W/ {0 S- ^
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/ Z( F8 D9 V( ?& ?4 k, [+ F" Q, lmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。7 W9 m" y2 f- h! }8 h
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; ?. S/ F9 a) n4 [* PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。) \3 P1 V& B0 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。/ F' D8 D8 m% x/ k
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9 F, N L: q$ f' i1 PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。) x' O9 e9 W Mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> - Z' H. _# K8 G, b% p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服4 N- N7 o/ U4 i$ \8 A5 M+ c
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢7 e7 M2 t1 j/ b$ N" M2 v+ g" Y( g! Xmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 2 P" g: f5 f; h. }2 p* f2 }
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# D# l% t' V* g6 X9 r/ P; C# d$ Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服 x" V" |# @2 J+ ^3 k" ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ j0 i3 G X, M3 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 u! Y; W. L' S- l4 V2 F4 V! j$ t. \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的9 [! ]5 ~$ n3 X" tmso-font-kerning:0pt">") t- r# R2 K3 s, H$ Y: |" }9 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) X H: N. c/ y2 T0 c0 a# `) b8 k6 i
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。/ J6 x% \5 p0 m& |- ~8 u3 z$ G: k% bmso-font-kerning:0pt">" 7 u" r3 u) S: g& E8 i* a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学; i1 N& r) U1 a! f- P( x! ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么! w1 v( J6 Y3 `1 a2 j) n
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5 a: h4 T: O* N6 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说0 Y0 \" X" \1 O j
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$ D2 ^' H' p& Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善 G% _$ V: b% n' y' W0 `( ?
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊3 j# ?, h! m0 E6 {5 w: ~9 W7 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚/ B- L9 [) G8 N& Q# B# Z/ r0 K! Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 _2 s1 j# Z5 L1 ]7 bTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地： K+ S3 o9 m0 Y+ A( y$ s: Q0pt"> - m( p( d1 L$ m, P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！6 e& Q: p/ q6 Z, [- `mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 1 ?1 Y) v' Z- i! o
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' h1 O/ L' O d; c/ _1 ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假, X# ?6 ?! z' O% g5 smso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' {+ }) B9 m( p+ \, y( e* w- i
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( A" v# u. I0 r4 gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是# V( ~4 t2 {: U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题- I' M$ S$ k# T' p9 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 Z5 c" ?+ y4 H" ^# ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。( s4 n* A/ w7 x4 |' I6 w) R7 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴3 T, O8 }* V4 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 U* P, Q4 y$ _$ k) yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- N* B% O" d" _. q7 M( }* g
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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