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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 8 q8 D* o7 c$ H+ t) d
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/ m* s% y2 {# ^( oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第" T. Q9 C' M) `3 q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。/ p' a) G! T* d/ B. U, Scolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。: B8 V' X; F4 f% @ m* bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。$ P0 T7 \$ X) i& R( G7 i/ R
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？, [8 E# ^" ?4 w) X1 G5 [& z
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" ^$ T4 t* ^3 [4 ]2 G9 Q+ jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。9 B) l" B1 r* S hmso-font-kerning:0pt"> * Q: @7 Z/ F" s9 X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢; j) V; _+ u0 V6 V/ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt"> / G/ B1 z- [1 @7 `) l) j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的/ X3 U) H. s7 x4 ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。) B+ g- E/ I, n' J/ V( ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">" H# e* @+ f: D' h/ J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新8 _ v& {$ l7 \' k* m3 P$ U# P
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7 s) P4 z" `- ]6 F7 U' `' cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白/ e4 w4 X4 r; u* ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学8 W5 r, h* A/ I
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( `) ?/ T/ M( ?" X. q5 Q+ umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？. M6 i: m: x0 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ ~* V/ p i' N3 N' O8 S1 [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' G( v# S& F+ Z+ R
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。1 H3 T4 O& b; m E4 e0pt"> ' K0 S* @ r. u# i# @# GTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;2 L5 s5 Z" \3 `+ @
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”: X. D& `9 A! s" y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说8 ^ B* t5 |/ v7 h, [/ {mso-font-kerning:0pt">"/ r. e5 B2 ]+ V. s! ?- }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% v, a( g2 M. o Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。; I8 v$ |! t0 _1 N% v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善9 D9 d3 x0 |- i, _ G. |! R+ \
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊2 Y/ y$ y8 I6 n/ `+ W) v/ m
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, X. x$ E& ^# t! j; PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚: P m% \4 ^! P$ c' ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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, W$ o/ U& o+ |2 j9 m9 iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！% W/ r& ^6 v# |: c* G8 L7 smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. m/ W% F/ F0 \' F4 W1 OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是6 K; ?+ y5 `" k @: O! b; c$ J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题7 ~$ d* S. R5 C6 l& I1 K* Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( B+ ?& s' Z1 ]" b2 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 A: Z' f5 E0 I! o6 _
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。% U: f+ u0 d& m. n3 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 T2 J( P6 F, E. Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 O9 Y4 P! {& i; Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴* r. p" w' p2 o! [
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