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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： + Q h: ~# B( L; Y. I7 imso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第& F8 n, y" C4 n# U6 j$ ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">18 Y# {% t- _* Z% D* }& D; Y8 B# w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。( Q9 D1 a* B! j7 e3 C" \color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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& B( `0 Y( ]* g4 J2 c" I: [2 r; l2 wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。* B. s" [% `+ s# o; Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) k7 W/ e+ E( k6 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。% ]6 h5 C& f: j3 K) E7 `# l* m/ mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。3 Z5 c/ M( ~- O+ S/ j `
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+ z' I1 @. d) v6 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服9 F" I8 F! ~( x
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6 E4 x' h S. b* Q2 Q: @: w: kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢* @2 z6 X7 M/ J8 X* [# q
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1 R1 d) a7 H- [( ^4 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新' [ Q0 E3 v* M/ @- z3 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- U" ~6 u; T- U$ w, S! HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白7 h3 ^/ Z# x; u2 ~& nmso-font-kerning:0pt"> $ j7 b5 r" s; t" \* Y* K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学! B1 U+ j# J: g5 v' u5 f+ s" V& X
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1 R% K! T8 [& p# w |* n9 T4 r* o6 O iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么% @! T |6 e+ Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ p) P# R6 x' G9 G1 |7 X' lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ {9 H0 v4 ?7 h( |$ R) s
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？; r: U. e' r5 n
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[/ |( [& h$ H y8 a" bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。. n& ?$ X4 z+ `5 n0pt"> 1 c3 ?5 i ]2 @7 rTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
4 S% h6 l( O; a' B; g- Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”1 S7 s9 V+ P) ~2 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">——( M% Z) O' y) @& n5 P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚: L, X C5 O/ N: u1 J1 ~
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# u1 `2 E% K2 GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！' m6 B7 i0 Y1 `. l4 p$ nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是, W9 q. x5 a6 j$ p- T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题) u- a/ v& |4 }" N: e% R# J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。# r. w W8 o, V4 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴# k& V8 g* Y. r. V; @7 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 B* q$ ^9 l) _, ?* Q
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f5 X$ L8 P$ j% O$ {6 Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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