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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： $ T# T8 H* F& u: q
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4 @+ r. p$ U( w1 B* vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第$ N1 B. F+ f# a( t
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) i, `& o) Y7 m* z9 j5 B+ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：. _, B& j8 B( H+ ^7 ?3 smso-font-kerning:0pt">"* U& k6 F+ E8 S1 s7 K/ I
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4 t# H8 v5 L; r) O# Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。 t) p3 v( B2 g6 s& {5 ~: h* mcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。& N/ n' V# G$ ~& M2 I2 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。1 V4 |7 w- A0 t; h' [
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1 `! O3 N: `7 ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。& F5 _( S1 E8 k) | \% t8 [% f6 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 6 X' I' [9 ?: z$ j5 `5 v
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- B' g% d+ a8 t: c) U) iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服! }* r$ ?+ m8 y- i/ E# r, L# ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢# x1 v7 Q+ i4 C( N$ t& @mso-font-kerning:0pt"> % r, d$ U: o: J
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* g1 Z" D" P: v- [: J2 t. ^2 C. Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的4 U }) b6 b! n" Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">" Y5 i W# \, ?) h$ Q! ]- z3 W6 ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# {) U3 }/ }/ _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。/ h2 e0 v9 m# A1 J; bmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白# H* I! X+ m9 Z0 x& e6 P. \- }
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) G8 Y) y3 H1 Y( o. lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学2 l" p2 v/ t' n% R2 W, P% v! Gmso-font-kerning:0pt"> " _* _$ |/ q8 ^: [0 u
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9 f4 [2 X% m: dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？2 D/ k m; o1 n/ a4 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——8 Y5 _8 G5 E9 K7 p1 P- b2 M, wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; F& P& I+ P- {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说8 o6 k- x* l5 b, e
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3 F2 e- s* _; u+ _$ {2 oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以礼仪道德，民治而心服" a& n% H* L$ F/ I! q1 n# G- ~0pt"> 3 }6 R6 _5 [! Z: y) e
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6 G4 N+ H9 `- N/ u9 d; u9 ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚9 u$ M* y+ J& S# N% z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！0 k* c. |% _( n G2 ^4 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; E, b. w0 u! j3 N( g( s
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! W% H5 x5 y9 j4 v5 d# [Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假& b; U. H+ T: ?9 h5 q" emso-font-kerning:0pt"> 9 _; l9 M, z& E) t1 e
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/ L( y, [6 f1 w, I: OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是* h. q, v% F6 D- q4 c7 V9 s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题7 h$ n) U% n. F! G$ k
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3 n' q1 n0 v1 R5 u, wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。 q: e4 s) D M$ X/ M5 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- N5 z' @+ {' y; v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴% U# [7 h* F! {0 r4 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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