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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： S) T0 F; N& v1 L1 h2 B5 Z* A% K% Y
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! |* ^9 x7 h4 C) d% {, @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第! @* t1 b9 ]7 }* ]5 Z' \
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6 O3 a4 F8 B$ |/ v" `& l" {mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：% F" h+ j9 v. C1 A, hmso-font-kerning:0pt">"4 A/ V; S0 w& L, R. V7 N$ g) U" T
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。2 d8 R% ^$ Z6 \/ f3 m7 S4 i+ I
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4 `2 T0 a$ b/ w* ~0 ], d( c" q. m* ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。3 m, ^9 q. J- p/ g7 X& |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：' B( u$ v0 m- }, Z: i' _- U( H
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' W. S* p; ~3 U( y |mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。6 A$ q' Z9 f: I/ G3 N# s
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) `; R1 ?* I8 ^7 Q+ @0 h+ N0 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？( `. a& v/ g5 [: G% G, p1 ]color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。( H" g* w4 j4 x1 [mso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; O' V0 S* N# P7 K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服5 W! @. B# {# M) i6 Smso-font-kerning:0pt"> % T( K3 }; t. j, X: q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢: L4 Y5 B! l& ]% wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。8 t- m/ N2 p6 z3 n0 h+ X3 o3 m) Imso-font-kerning:0pt">" & _: M' Z, ~ d3 a+ u% V) u7 v% ?+ ]+ l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新, l9 |' ?: S/ ^! s4 i9 B$ Imso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 Z5 |6 \# R0 w9 A1 K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白& z# G3 h4 } G5 G* I7 {9 U" q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学+ j6 b" B$ g m8 ^3 N" s1 |; M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？1 _0 r$ ]3 C+ ~. a$ a- L# l- Imso-font-kerning:0pt">——, P e1 U, c3 D" W# l9 J: u# o
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”* c" a4 g: `6 W8 C8 d& \6 M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说! a+ e8 b. ?) S- d$ i5 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">". w& T* E9 P d! G( b0 [( G4 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! O* t. i3 o5 `! S* o
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。( Y% ^$ M2 p( n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">本身就包含着德治与法治相结合的观点。, J/ V- Z' Y0 U7 \) R
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( ?6 o. u7 f* {0 j+ J9 [) LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚/ X9 p5 {5 S4 fmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 5 |. q9 s5 Z2 m! M- [+ g6 c
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7 ~7 L- q% ~! ?# m8 \5 [4 \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！! h) G9 i* ~$ p% ?9 D
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6 i4 q: J2 C. ~6 QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假7 w# w" @; W7 m; m6 A: J
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是* w" n& s" y9 D" I* S" {( v7 i. y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题6 K& k6 H: y3 J0 b$ Z( d
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1 W J* l8 a' e( hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。; U- O8 x6 ~# [! @2 \6 i- P$ s
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9 a0 O( K& v: @9 K/ d- K6 t& ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴* @$ Y9 u7 O: k# {5 q' W5 N/ j
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! x- I2 T' B, a9 e$ m+ Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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