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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 2 z! h: W+ @8 ?2 C6 E4 B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第: y3 r" N; c: }! ~4 W7 Z& w* y" C- ^3 emso-font-kerning:0pt">1 s( I( y* H$ x0 ]; t
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" c$ [1 Q/ r- s3 M- Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。5 T( b& ?8 p$ O
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3 J2 P" M. V+ \8 j5 }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。8 {. Q- q1 x% Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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" o7 A. |0 G; g: c" V4 w4 d9 `( ?0 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。1 a( A# a0 N9 W5 @: smso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？; n/ D( d$ \( K' i6 @- ?- b8 `+ c
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9 h+ M/ r: p0 m! j5 \- r" u% DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。, o/ t6 F0 z, B% \ _
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢2 M$ w2 E& I9 X/ m6 n% h7 N: umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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" I2 q- b& @) h3 |# Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服: {9 x% f: J4 l0 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">—— U0 E2 j% D# H9 rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 R6 i' p: |8 O: g. t. `7 w8 m
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3 F; R, U# g1 x9 T5 e* _2 [! ^% Q/ Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。) F4 U; G9 k6 |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新" R7 f+ A. W# l; w( n. G/ j6 `/ Qmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 2 G- L8 _! [+ d
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, T+ v$ B0 I6 z6 n/ z6 P7 m1 x( C3 cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白5 L G4 b6 n h6 ?% q
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8 L8 R7 H# o2 \7 ~" L7 g8 ^" QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学5 i, B: D* ]# m, U$ m+ y
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; p! N' y1 Z; d' o2 eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么. X3 \7 d* i% ?! M, Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">——! x: G" ^4 ~: @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？3 u7 L S3 w8 N9 t% W$ C b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。5 S: F) C8 O2 E; q) b. a
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”, q4 P" Z. L0 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">—— [) W6 U. x, o2 G! t1 `5 ?0 hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 D* f& q+ M) \- u
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说! {- b& C, P- O0 a: Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">" c) l( t. ]- Y7 Y8 zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 I$ _8 e5 E) c. q9 Z5 \& |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。3 i! q% L2 L& a1 a r1 [% ~8 m) H2 s" Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">"% R# b5 K/ g% f! C2 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 l ^5 |6 j6 q. n
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">本身就包含着德治与法治相结合的观点。: [3 X- c8 C- _3 l* {* x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善0 J! W+ {4 m/ n7 g; k3 }
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8 g/ }' m; `$ P$ V6 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊: ?, _1 e, x% H0 J5 @5 r7 d6 pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 T3 ]# T1 _9 j* q" D) p- q: N
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" k k+ {: t" x* @/ DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚, v6 [" s7 R% A1 I* {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 @8 f* C( y) C) }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！2 ^+ E5 A" j/ p/ Y- umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假5 T3 N; {5 d/ B; B5 s; |) k( X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是' o( X4 q. q6 H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题. }7 ~3 u, ]8 ~; C
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5 {0 U* h( R4 R K @( _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。6 s$ \9 d! A$ U$ L1 ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴; \/ ~/ n& [, p
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# e& T+ h" |6 K- p2 u1 d$ M! _! s- c. Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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