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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： / S" _* U2 ]6 ~ _ {8 f. V N, `
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% E* L. x$ z9 F( `+ ^ b: V4 h- \Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：5 M, X6 _9 c3 i8 D2 g& E6 j
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# P; C* m) |3 N* A' F8 y( ?- CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 ]2 H4 m; s( N& f
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1 c! e% A" I7 J$ H) Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。( ?: \# R0 m `, n) R7 x# pcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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, A$ T( Y5 V8 N8 }8 lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。$ b! Z# J6 g# Y6 R$ r& o( d( H, D% tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 _! A9 j' u! B9 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：" C% w( Z3 u* \
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# d) t* ]" M9 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。9 D! H9 F! ~8 H; Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。! v( O0 ^" `% d2 i# Z, s' G
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% y5 p! k* _9 x. nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢# a/ V* \. J- xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* V1 B, G& h) N& |5 [, ?+ Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新7 X" e# Y. M8 ?9 q0 @, ~1 b* I4 u% Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 [( R Z' \7 d' nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白7 c7 p9 W' I( ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学7 a# J# Q( S6 o$ c6 q9 p6 }
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么2 M5 P- c1 P9 N% |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？2 W, w) B* R2 n2 U$ emso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ n* t( W6 q) d2 @6 J1 k8 v+ R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说% E/ l: c* p, Y" P
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊7 Y; K J% T0 H0 \7 |' Y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚0 w# x$ ^. I% u9 u0 d. g
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$ [+ I1 c- T1 T8 [$ ^0 i6 @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！' k' X0 ]) e' Q, q# U
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& W( y" }+ H) MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假1 y1 U+ e, W0 G2 @3 |9 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是" [0 G2 r4 ^0 D L" M a, @6 umso-font-kerning:0pt">“: O+ t. Q6 a% Y" ], {+ N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题. H; O) b1 Z1 c) {1 Q6 n
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- m5 Q& z, h x! N% imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。% [+ L0 d4 ]" L, A4 f' smso-font-kerning:0pt">“! X0 ?: g) |" y+ H, a6 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% i) s& `7 q! e# r$ i; b
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴* R! X5 N. F, a# f- P& g
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# ~& \! M4 W, `7 N; }. B; qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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