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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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' l6 O$ T/ R9 ?1 Z4 OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第. {1 o/ n' l$ X9 C0 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。) d7 j. D5 Q, [$ [& V' _
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9 F, V- u7 p) g& `1 e/ oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。% }0 l& |% A) j; \1 ~1 i2 p( {" M3 y# M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经& ]7 E: X3 B) }+ smso-font-kerning:0pt">•6 ]8 ~. _8 _, ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。- K+ s* g W! e% O# l; f$ U
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是0 M, T: S7 L. W- R# w y: c
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？$ g5 c: h$ E, g0pt">
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! { i& G9 }3 E8 r9 h/ @Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思， f3 s8 N& Z3 M) o% ?6 F; L+ g
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种+ u7 U6 C, ~, P5 H7 Z" Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- X E# ^/ E) l' {: G# k7 z1 V6 i( wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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9 q7 C& ~+ g' h ~! ?/ ~$ Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的9 S; u) e- A' {2 A# Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“( p; z, p3 H2 w! p) e2 h; p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，3 @% h- Y) e9 E; R
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- }+ T, j7 \# C' m! U: Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。* E& N3 L, b- d1 ?8 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌* r. _6 q' G" w: Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">305' r: M/ B* H0 k" u" Z9 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 o, Y# H4 ~7 y9 ^: w9 y. g1 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视* j4 b. P; ~1 \+ ^- umso-font-kerning:0pt">“. U9 ^3 H# U# \9 ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% k* K1 N2 u$ {" H) W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：# L, J& P( \- P) \! O1 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( y: w6 p$ l/ l, o1 F5 ]" ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# L% u# d' }" n0 Q0 ? L. pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。% E ]! H6 R$ y6 G% omso-font-kerning:0pt">”* t/ j9 t4 o% K3 u$ {$ g' Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* Z# D% ~7 ?1 y) {2 k
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语2 X: y' k: c1 f& i8 l( Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">•0 Y" v% `% ?/ C# T
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8 l' D7 R' Z; U4 p5 e+ M$ O+ d1 c8 h% zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）7 O0 D0 S, {9 @. ]" W$ Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 a( f( c9 ^" |( Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ o( c _0 W! G# Z- p
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。+ m4 S$ d7 t+ N$ m" M+ A8 {" V
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o7 H& D/ ^- F8 r: h( Q2 C9 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过# x' @' y2 h1 a v8 A$ lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ _' j! B& z( j- x/ }1 X% [7 |: ~
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H0 E6 P+ V9 V9 y5 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨$ j! ?# u( u6 \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人( Q1 s0 g& a* `; C( Z3 A' tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 ]7 a5 z8 m! ?5 D6 t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。. u* E/ ^2 N2 e; [1 ~
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, g& K2 g5 w5 L1 G7 `5 l6 I- RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。$ w5 _% E* Q( h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。# }3 J f" J6 ?. O/ I' C5 i3 n3 ?- D
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。6 ?& F# _3 G4 e4 I" q
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9 e# q3 D8 P+ bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃5 c8 q0 X! D5 S- ~8 s% r8 }1 T
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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! x7 S; I+ r* ~$ B) b3 L4 M. smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”/ k3 D o5 q. e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。. Y! T1 |7 Z$ Z! K# D" l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。" X+ Y5 Z/ ~8 I% y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于 a( x( X- t( h! kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 ~, O5 T& }: R5 E, Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观8 X1 b) p; r ?& w0 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 ]4 |9 Z$ g; |5 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ a, \! g, q: N! o2 F' _" P5 F+ Y
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8 }5 t: B( L7 g- g5 i+ Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群; [3 W5 i3 u7 [3 D- B6 s! J dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ _% U, W4 f4 C, kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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' s& V$ m$ l. Q; j' T% M* pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓! P, k$ k5 F, J/ F; E" I, w7 D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓 i, |% O8 l8 C4 x, C1 G" E# P( ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观, S! u) ?+ N) m, W: O8 u" }$ D
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% T7 O6 z1 c$ c9 r$ h1 ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓 G8 ^0 }' }+ E0 d, K
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1 j ]# o, {+ B1 |# Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓 w3 ^$ E, z' P; D1 m# L% C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨6 r2 d) G( y3 S# a9 \9 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ s o/ L* S. Q4 U4 K, ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! R" X, ]* w* S E7 ? w, Z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼' _, ?- G2 K6 z' i6 ]! `1 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 `& M) J: j# [5 t5 ]
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- a0 c: y- c R: X; [ ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语" ]6 \: [) W% f, s& {6 T" g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能& d2 F5 X( N+ T% ]8 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ d" P9 o/ l w' \* }: U
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$ g, L; n$ c! l0 W$ Q# Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒, W3 R+ n/ Q0 x6 } q" B( Z) ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 q& }" r+ P. I/ {7 u+ t8 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 r8 e& S* T; b5 L) f. M' V D
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹* u; v# }9 p9 g# K( W
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! R1 z5 s8 |- L/ A pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人1 ]) `, v- f2 O* v9 \- ^# c" ]% ~
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9 c7 h9 b0 D, R& smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语2 B1 [* g( Q2 n. |, y, P8 Y$ Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">.* h& |8 q9 U" s3 z2 X/ f6 _* c* _/ y5 F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。! p |5 K6 S& L1 @$ H/ mmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 A- ^# d, Z6 V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。" q4 W6 }7 c% S+ F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">啊+ ~; F9 n) h% b" J- s6 }
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7 y1 l5 P$ v2 t' QTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：, n+ f; ?" S r) o/ W
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7 C5 W' I" [' t$ A, K0 `, a5 M# [4 q5 pTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理, a! M, D- E$ m2 K) c5 `* D" u
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% X1 O# f, m; G* g$ B# j# @. ?/ BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。/ v( W- i. x/ o( d3 V Z$ `mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( ~; |# h( a" m0 GTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：4 l, O& Y- g, y% G# V7 I0pt"> k! |; u- N5 g2 s- i, g4 d; M& d- Z
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0 Y) g: e K* n1 a, ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱- F6 l( R3 z7 |! [
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧6 N3 E) X: B7 |/ u8 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt"> # B$ R( Q, D: o0 f$ Z
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) f9 {/ H( m9 M4 D/ D/ YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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提升卡
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300x180 AD
