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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网3 ]0 l0 Z$ A6 ?7 L* {! lmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ {3 z& m2 S& c9 Q, Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 X: `" E9 B7 h- P) K! G" xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。; R7 u! n& {' C3 p! r0 R6 G" gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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f& L5 ?- l9 _7 T- K& gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：3 p$ E& D7 w* \+ hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第+ g: J; R+ S1 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">53 @7 k! w# Z3 C9 R+ t+ lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% H( L+ C2 }; Q" i; D _
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" g C4 l2 r4 X) C+ D1 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：, ], N1 M2 X6 ~9 o
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。$ {. P( t& s' j( f- L* i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：! `8 D' ]) q5 A( O
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4 y' _) ?4 Y- mmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。2 U1 m% F0 O+ e y& D
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：! ~ ?- C y. ?
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？. H9 \6 d' [8 \9 @, `$ [
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：% x* v/ {4 q/ w9 L9 n
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。4 `: U. h) ^& B; c3 _9 V9 Q
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" g) s2 r# w1 P5 [/ h0 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。- Y0 b2 {* q" t0 \, ^$ U" z+ }1 S8 ~6 ~
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：- {, A; _' _* N u10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 Y7 q+ R, J% c& G: a2 i; y1 m
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0 g* Z: q1 M- A( L; E9 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。0 A$ j9 G z" e7 W! C
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：- y0 l8 w" F3 c
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: H2 b) R+ g& }! d0 xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。9 L- n# s9 \6 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：; {* z# [! q9 F. Q" s7 F' S( mmso-font-kerning:0pt">"# N7 x6 l* l3 j. h. {1 {4 s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢) H& {( S* b1 Y4 r) k& }mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" * R! n% `- b. v0 S, A9 |& A. w
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$ k0 n3 a7 `8 E6 U. ?; K& L( \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：/ e4 Q8 ]: Y: A+ ~% z, v) bmso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 } Y s8 i' h# v1 Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' S! F$ {9 j, h/ i; s) o4 C
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。% y1 Z) o% B+ D& S6 B( P# X* d+ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是' w, k% y7 {" s5 \ l10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“; N. i+ c( g( n7 V: i$ W! ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
l5 R! N0 g: t- x+ {" _8 n6 ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违, ~) f9 A% Y' C u+ Y10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 h/ d- ?% K U0 V* O8 N& efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 m2 j4 P3 \2 E8 ~ H) I: _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得& P+ h9 |# P. B9 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲) F; C* `8 x0 H+ Q
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: [( n% d: c9 N$ k/ rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，7 D4 h' S/ K' k5 `8 A) t' v0 P* u
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' n/ N6 m- ]" t# U2 y/ Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。) F, s; H# T" }8 b1 h) O7 X2 ?% A
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: J0 T/ }/ j3 ~2 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。$ l" K" |1 K/ J7 A/ I5 M& f3 G/ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？5 |, c& a+ v3 L, o: `
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。1 ]/ Q6 Y8 V* i5 N* y
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, |, P7 n1 @8 p' yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义+ m1 J* m" e L* l$ xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 v( @/ a& k7 i q. `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。4 d$ i! R9 N7 x9 D2 N$ d1 s( wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述/ M/ u" f" H% B# A9 f0 u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊1 S1 I8 O7 u6 o) H" ]4 A. g1 b; n/ qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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t9 m' k1 W' K' O5 }+ h. |" G$ p* lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。. k, @2 g0 T5 `1 [% S3 c. z7 R6 n# a
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。6 X6 A/ t' x* b" V$ emso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ M" r' L/ H: ], kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. P% J/ q0 P4 ]3 `1 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。0 X% M' C' b8 B1 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：* v) @$ r# H _1 }, W! A. Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: Y( ]; U& r2 B( Y. jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* f* K% W+ l6 ?% Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。; [9 a! F5 i: m0 K/ d# D Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”, m/ F' O2 ^4 r X1 A# ^6 W
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 Y \' i% m/ j. c' r* t* P0 H
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个7 z3 _" C0 @* n* E9 q
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1 N6 h( q/ R8 H# O; t3 V" _. omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬) i- A0 N5 ?. ?" D) R/ [7 k% E
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6 [7 G5 [# p& m# p2 _6 x, Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为0 k x; Y0 ~& h) zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 w! I6 R+ s& l O& y& h; Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 m- k7 U" f- \0 {
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道 I7 |& q% t6 b! F' ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ {7 S1 z1 N ~, Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 O, d$ f$ o; X# Q* ~
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。9 z# N) s! G: E7 @' k; bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的- ]7 W! _5 v; m9 v+ u3 F/ L: ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺2 {8 L7 x' C- X" U, N9 ?
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9 M% i) p" S4 @8 N1 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思" l' d# X n1 V. R1 k: N7 m% ?1 a
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