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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 1 S5 z/ l, b: r- e4 L' ?" amso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( p! ?: S0 F5 Y' K" T" Z0 D0 A. R/ c
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& l; p+ g+ F7 r' K; nmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：5 R! f$ Y; g! ? r6 Omso-font-kerning:0pt">"8 Z# ^/ k2 J, S: Q5 \# }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。& E0 J- f( ~9 a, z: Bcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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8 o* t) X7 b: e2 M9 v9 `1 U) T2 OTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。$ b: @/ o# S* d! r) C, N
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2 e5 L$ I [. B% W, W. Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。3 ?8 i4 z& I- l7 x+ lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？+ r; q: W5 `3 @! P L% z8 j
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+ E3 V/ T x5 a0 W- c1 ~, M1 W$ ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。$ U& ]' @( Q2 n% c: Wmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ! f- [1 J% h; a0 N
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4 ?+ s- N, ?* D: ]$ eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢! S; L0 D4 x0 A* dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' f% k( D5 i8 a9 ?- pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。; i. f. N' q/ X H$ H: }1 f: m: [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新) i5 O# W7 z1 u4 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> * e+ R8 a! [, G, N/ Y8 ?. _/ r4 N7 o
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2 Q3 v( b1 r/ a, X9 H8 dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白% {1 [# C6 l+ S) ], D0 F3 f! z0 i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学$ q' a7 ~0 d" F! Imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# {; R- P5 s O4 V) `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么6 T8 \- D; F6 C3 r1 A ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——# x8 w2 ^& c3 _: Q8 i" t) efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* W+ J( s1 p! b3 p! x0 ^( n0 q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？* k( M( l$ [& D. X; W, Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 E( R9 A$ z0 q3 A) f: j: e. R
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' A: B9 M% d. [+ @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说( k; |4 }2 B* B0 [; l) c$ F/ R
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊5 a8 z' z' g( O. Q/ |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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" X3 W5 H' Q/ N# [' @3 wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚/ c" c5 g" z( i6 R" o k& E; kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& F4 ~$ J/ D; P8 v+ M; ]( L$ c7 ETahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：# ]! C! Y' Y* B5 v0 [0pt">
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$ p2 \7 d, ~6 m" XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！ R# W2 n6 P0 ?5 o1 F
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* r( a9 f7 F: HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假. L3 U: B% Q& n+ m+ ]$ J1 imso-font-kerning:0pt"> . p$ K$ _2 y- ^) `
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是* j% N6 Z$ B$ \9 d4 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; |8 @3 F. O& }6 Q' Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: D0 k1 I- Q1 y1 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题6 t1 X) k z/ g% Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% j. n- @+ G/ A2 P. F9 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 v3 Z: H, X2 ]) B @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。# s5 B; g1 A% Z+ k- x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴1 _7 I3 ~ w* j! P. M+ b6 w! U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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