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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 6 r3 t! `' o( n3 c. Jmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:# G* X2 V2 _ j- L4 c
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$ H* o- M6 V$ H* v5 W+ L- n4 xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第7 E" @# j) Q, L" x1 p! r2 g
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。; E9 A4 |0 r: W# d" s% H3 I7 Q# fcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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2 Y! k5 I& P' i" Z. nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。1 e2 d% U) q! k- @! Umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 ] P0 w: B, q$ X9 x2 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。/ e m6 z+ b' Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？" |8 m: o: V X" D7 L6 xcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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; L2 |" {6 X/ G2 sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。1 V8 x$ R) O$ d# x
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* j' P |8 i1 L' uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服% t; [3 R/ S/ b! a0 R% c. S- omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 ?: q2 A) ]' wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新8 r1 C# H7 w9 t, C
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# H( B1 P' `- D$ W( E* [+ w FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学 w! t- a/ @# k: w; a, h4 h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么' X" w# G( O) S5 H: [$ Y! ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 K- [3 H# |+ X$ H5 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ o9 m6 k. y! R& d7 p2 R. T. P
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？3 P' [* {: Z, `4 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">——; @: q1 N9 @% t# \2 e) f/ hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& j- o o$ L g! r# ^' `- P
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0 b, `- [; ~! q" z3 X4 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说; m+ t# ~; P; Z% M" }2 J
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊9 p" J3 H W; U# u9 J T0 f' {# ymso-font-kerning:0pt"> ) V6 J# A5 m$ O! e
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚- l% w: g4 x; j$ Kmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 2 F+ v% o- W" C- ^! n6 m0 U
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！* V# q( p! O. o. H4 R
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假" ~' s: ^, J1 L d E2 p! Emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 [" w: N# i7 ]3 K: ^; F: sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是, m$ M% P/ {: z6 x8 S' Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* |6 Z& v7 \( E: C& p- F: a: ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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2 u2 l$ s! v# mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。( v2 Q9 `( }$ G4 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! Y( @$ `# Q* i; t& S3 _' g6 d" ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' L& k8 q/ H5 K) Y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴1 d" T4 d( I, Y9 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ R. L* g" l% g! q
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0 c# j5 o& j( t9 s7 t Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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