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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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+ R7 p8 c' M2 Z. E% D ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第& z( k& j# c3 W. h+ P( H7 k% {8 [1 h! _mso-font-kerning:0pt">2+ T$ C* d# y' s. w6 Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; g, f1 N( H7 G( M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：% T6 o8 V$ B% E6 m% f, `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。5 y% c ]/ U7 S' T0 U
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; H: O& [% [8 JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。1 f/ K M8 ]; U# ]5 T
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`. h& {- q8 x- j1 ]+ F% kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经9 U( v, a$ E/ A" f p3 a0 S
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9 _9 G' L/ Q J2 R6 o' J8 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。, d6 ]# \+ |/ T+ Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 b, ~2 b- @% m. h8 xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？( R7 h) B, G( K, b' [0pt">
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; J0 |# G/ X1 ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，0 |* z; C8 S$ V5 ^- W, amso-font-kerning:0pt">"& ]0 C! p) R6 w; ]+ ^
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6 q0 b" [5 M2 X3 h. U0 U1 K" ^! lmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种" k( F0 `0 @4 {$ I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的2 n- r7 o! }; ^& e& r$ n
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- D6 N- R w% j5 A% Z9 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐3 q7 H* v" |+ }+ F9 E! b3 p
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% ^ P- |) r& d& g# K9 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，7 D; _! x0 g; N) U% F$ {
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9 {% x8 V2 O! n- cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。/ ?' o1 y1 m ~& @9 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 z* }# V' Q: {( ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌; Y3 `( @/ l- C8 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">305+ p" V# i0 L4 y" Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# m/ G6 U- h5 s1 t0 g
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视( ^2 W% d1 D# w9 r1 D7 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 B4 o. M% v1 _4 ^# [3 z. }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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" O3 H! h, n, ]9 w. g6 Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说： A. a9 G9 j6 b' B* dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ w3 h, o8 D' J4 T0 u( g7 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ ], N8 X: y. ?5 Z5 L% m2 h
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。2 Z. K* Y/ {' l0 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) Z5 L/ w2 q4 i- j# T6 k% ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; U2 _- }" M& w" f" Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语4 y" {' I5 U3 b! l' ~- }! U0 S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）( Z/ N; n: @" U" d
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: o3 Z; t/ {! J; F+ kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。& I0 V1 A1 q+ T( b Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 W: X: @! ?- g1 `8 ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ C, \+ i" h G7 m. t. g
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语2 s9 ?6 ~2 c' l* o, Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过! j3 Y! H/ \) f( H, |' r8 p/ d& smso-font-kerning:0pt">“: s( e' F" e9 \2 E/ q5 I9 b. K y
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; d$ L/ p S c7 D2 N% ~Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。# A( b2 w* Y, G/ J: W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。! y* h# t) S" K4 R. p/ Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。; v, `# c! q* a9 F6 q& dmso-font-kerning:0pt">——* y5 C$ V5 ~* P; K1 Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ _, m+ T& Z4 h0 O/ |1 t6 c
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃1 z1 y! ]% H) E0 r' |* T! Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 B- G/ g3 G5 {+ S3 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' e; [% E: I$ |# w/ M9 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批% a% b( j" d0 X
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+ z7 |' E5 f T0 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”* Z- O+ z+ a9 G, L. v* N0 E* nmso-font-kerning:0pt">——) `9 T: K$ E% \. r, jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ `$ p3 k& x. e! a+ _: h) Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。) Z2 T/ O1 `% @5 E8 P" k0 `4 ]! q3 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。: A1 ?$ B$ @& Q0 [
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9 b9 O3 R/ @# d; [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于8 E3 \8 @+ g$ A0 t
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 J* i- ~5 G! J5 p, p( @5 D% G3 q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观& J: v; w: D) R8 `7 i9 `7 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群0 s6 \/ R* i* P/ i/ N; a6 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 W$ K7 k! t" d
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6 \) Z8 _' O, Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨8 C8 b! f# i) smso-font-kerning:0pt">”# Z! ?5 n4 V! ~
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓! w1 \) D* ^1 ^7 L: C* a6 c5 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, O) C3 b3 a, n' x# efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 A" r } D9 `
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴" ~- _& d. L4 m/ o. N7 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# g0 {* m+ N: Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓* d7 d1 e9 c( k. \1 U. k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观, L1 D w! Y& T# c5 U# P1 g
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 ^, a& e& F0 z2 F' c0 n/ x# Q \1 k& bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓9 }2 _3 p- g! w0 |3 f* s6 V! Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 y4 m4 B; J+ Z$ [/ c" Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* p6 ]5 ]) k( Q0 w- K6 a
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群# V5 }8 Q, p: {- F6 N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓. P, W& k# _. O6 emso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 [% n0 Z5 q. Z* X8 gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 K1 }8 V2 l( b* s' r# r+ ?
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨8 ^9 `& m# s% H/ N9 o9 |
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; J! u: T }$ N' y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼$ E& f" \3 v& V0 g5 H% B% I1 smso-font-kerning:0pt">“& T: K5 u7 j5 d5 U; g6 W ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤: u2 X; B$ C! L1 Q, L& T* Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 i4 W$ k* [: g3 }* Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ B/ B4 L, H& A9 [$ t
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语" j7 z. N4 V( h0 B4 H7 B
mso-font-kerning:0pt">.! ^- o8 `3 |$ _" G! E4 c# G* m' }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* F7 `5 [) a3 d2 R6 b/ |* H; z4 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能; S. x* w3 N9 a: F% ^' a$ umso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 Z. A4 O( n3 {6 ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ Z% X) S! s4 e. B, _! O F; l+ }
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒; ^( E8 B9 z3 l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹& u% X# ~6 a; i8 b
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& q) ?( Y+ j2 G2 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人% ~/ s8 ~9 [6 \4 R9 x( U- K+ ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪+ G% y( l. z9 [+ c1 W! f: xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: d7 b; p1 q. X t, T8 Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- I+ Z6 K+ j8 X3 h. o
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语0 r9 V: n4 q: V& F- p7 s9 @; v; @
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: n9 e0 n4 e0 m; l: J& Z. Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。9 O- ~! _/ W$ q8 w0 U, ^0 v8 j
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/ n0 i, e# E+ {" yTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：! H5 `# J4 b+ B0 E" [+ J
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) l, P L' w2 e5 e: r3 C" j3 G- yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。" ` n4 F+ \ N+ V6 _3 x5 K' J( h9 i) ^
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 e0 N- y* a" ]% z9 I0 T1 g& r( p
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用/ Q' V6 U5 q9 x+ m" Amso-font-kerning:0pt">  ! R$ H: O" e: W5 D/ r5 Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! S* \# }% y4 }' C
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">啊. `2 c# B9 T; ^6 m. e! [' Amso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 ?+ f' o% r1 b2 { H* F! M& Q
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; S3 A3 S# Q7 ]$ Q) ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理' F: H7 Q$ r0 d, `0pt">
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7 }0 ~2 _$ Q: T( M3 V3 U5 w; H4 JTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：( `" z2 [0 E/ x) h0pt">
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/ J$ C& B' z3 [$ C- ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。% |3 s# h- y4 E: B* ?3 c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱 u) }6 d: X& I! ]
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">求觉迷者：! A5 r' j: P+ U* m/ L* l, E
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧' J* H! Q3 F9 o, P
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/ x9 x4 S A" WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等% P, q& V! }3 K" j
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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