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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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2 l" ^8 g9 k, u K) m1 mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第9 e7 z; ]# ]5 U! E) s4 v# ~0 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">28 B6 D! x$ U) x' |* b: _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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- y. c. [9 d8 y. p5 ^* d4 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。' x' m F( Z1 c- d" z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。# W% x% E+ I, |. ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经" i' @) r5 B( E5 omso-font-kerning:0pt">•" g' p. A7 Z/ n4 r( l( i3 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。; M8 e1 T) P. q- G- J& F3 A8 T# ?
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' J8 a# N2 O0 O9 Q7 Q! H9 s- dTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：9 a; H2 P/ P8 Y6 y2 u1 t! S0pt">“0 I; X- w2 e" N' UTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;* D% Z- o% e2 {6 T8 ?( D
mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是6 j; \3 }8 z4 S( |: ], T- V1 |0 d
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？; s7 f4 p4 X6 {1 E; x. ^" l& B0 R0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，4 f+ [2 j% M8 x6 B' {2 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 a X* m( _2 A! O( _; B6 z! `6 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ l D$ C" p1 g. X
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪" v+ {' n: d8 n7 `+ r! H' W
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# o n1 O3 X+ @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。; }; @2 P7 P1 G" p' lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 P4 v ^! Y$ X( ~- h: C3 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐) d2 e. Q2 E/ b* t3 O
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种, S ^0 B4 ?1 l# D+ T, s0 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. f- ]8 {7 }% O- s% k; T8 A" Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; R: B/ ]# y* r X
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: A" m# {4 M* C' N# e7 o3 G" X+ R& Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的5 J# Z2 v+ l0 v+ C! N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐9 P6 p7 w v. o: ~3 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 i& Y6 R, S$ {" }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，, J% x5 h7 c/ v/ Q, b3 x% i8 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“( @5 b) B5 P' B$ j0 `4 U
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+ E) `: x6 q8 Z5 F2 U; t# `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教; @" m; I& D3 T# N* @* ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 o9 b1 d1 h) ?
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8 V# J. ~; F. a) |# L; rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌3 L7 m8 d- Z& |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视9 W: l. T7 C* a- P$ ]' u
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$ t3 G* }6 d3 Y5 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：- O) i0 V& x, }( \1 M' {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 p5 o6 Z; g/ ^* J! m; O. @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。4 T d, ^8 o* v* Q7 Z( m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语5 S1 c. k- j; y3 [. F) a9 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">•# n" P+ y" I2 w5 k( j+ K4 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 P5 B! W: g, s" }1 i: \4 G- m% Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）1 R+ Z. V0 }) b! B- w
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c% g* S! g: k! m+ Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。4 o* z# v3 ^0 v0 W) ^# p" jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, J0 Q; n* h. t/ a) U, h2 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ M6 v& S( T+ {9 ^+ v3 g' \" t. ?, M9 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语9 S" c, l0 F6 r! s* x4 G9 [( L
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7 W9 u- W1 k/ L: {1 w3 I9 r2 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过% n& k9 y1 Z/ R% s; _( U7 E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨& F% a! u9 k1 h! F! hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 r" S1 b: B& d/ A8 {" ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。& s5 J: F- s$ u* X* p5 o% Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。( ], K. ]; I- ^9 d% W" u; p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。2 j+ q8 g8 P. f' Z# G! N
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。" i, Q/ }! d3 _1 k
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& ]2 a; R! b4 Z5 }# H( Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃. {8 ]% ~( u8 B5 u* `3 h' Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: d7 q/ |3 H% C t' f( T+ O( Y2 |
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! ~9 C* E5 ` F" [8 G8 y: T: Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批/ T" K3 r9 z; Y# Q, m) rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) G; K4 ?( Q+ y: K' d+ wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ a# g6 K4 Y3 H* l, P# u) o1 T
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”) A& N: ~- m' Q" }4 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">——. v6 `7 p6 f& ~2 N* F. z" E
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# P! b; J2 F5 g4 I1 w1 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。& Y. U V( P% K1 c; L! Pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> " d, e( \0 }. Z# [) q6 t
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; ^, ^0 K" ^# S: z$ tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。, f4 c4 q. q" y, h, U% P- L: Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”' B0 j4 ? d w' S* p7 T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于7 F8 O% E" O! H7 [1 j2 `, xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- T) ]" j8 F' I- j' u6 @: \$ g
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: l8 ]- a- N8 U6 j3 Z) e# _' tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨; j/ J$ _ A6 C+ S& N: x& _
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5 ~" e5 ]0 O; U4 X1 U4 w" smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓# p) M G4 @0 Y; R. p2 `0 @8 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 p" d5 G( t6 {- q( V/ T9 r: v# ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' z& ]* G; s% {) K7 K
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴( h; F0 f: Q8 |& u: _mso-font-kerning:0pt">”# Y( g* `8 f1 ^) W% dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) {- ]' P9 a- r" w9 Y2 u- F6 z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓% P& k u$ l. `) J
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7 Q8 K6 ^. k. p% D( smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓6 C6 y0 |% [; z7 r" I
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2 m8 k/ c* b4 B4 [* Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群& {8 l1 e) |* R$ l1 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 E* n: g' C/ ]! h5 ~* ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) ]9 x5 Y g9 X% K
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓, e- D( ?/ C. d
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$ R" d% A) N6 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨5 H9 \% w: E8 `% J$ ?/ \, m! r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼7 J3 v- N9 w0 A& _$ B7 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“- v/ y1 ?- j# n, Z6 l Q+ b/ l
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2 q8 p+ A3 O1 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤) C. r7 k0 c! H omso-font-kerning:0pt">”; S, f+ y$ d/ z; j$ d3 F5 rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 U' e8 \, R0 c
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语 B3 J: E/ b# c' |6 s- j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能. q5 k' k. }) @( r, c3 _2 u9 q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒# b7 F* q: n! f8 v3 [1 smso-font-kerning:0pt">” R9 h) F" p, x# M; e/ C/ b. U7 ]5 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
v9 ^" X$ B! P9 g7 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹- v2 O4 a7 m% q$ c/ {mso-font-kerning:0pt">.9 S0 w1 k f$ a* T8 n9 i; ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" x- k) K% I7 {* X" Z/ [" cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人9 ~; a5 z# k/ nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 u5 a* ?: I D/ ?4 t0 h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。+ k5 K! g+ q% g7 V! U, a$ k/ \! Cmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 E. o% o: \+ n6 R1 d! d7 e7 u
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。+ u1 f2 g6 N9 q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。4 y' A, B' _( U! F% t1 O/ Z- X9 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ H4 m: b% a; X; J- S* xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱: @3 H; a( i1 b" u+ h& Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧# D5 F0 G) N$ y- j8 t# G/ J: }
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等7 _8 F9 {3 j* f3 R) @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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