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: y4 @/ M; f, d. dTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网" m4 V/ y% X" H2 K; w$ r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。. J; S2 R7 P# x0 W3 Z
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" A3 M4 T. z% c" a! r. S# A3 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2 H" D6 {3 G- ?* |( h. [
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰： X# L; R8 j$ t0 a jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) B- s) l. y1 t Amso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。2 b* J1 F$ s2 R4 T' i9 Ocolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ d1 y# p0 s4 c7 P' kTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;5 z- C- Y1 y8 w. h% L
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：# s2 ?5 G, J) `3 u Q! l
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- V" }) X1 m* w( ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？+ d' G' ` P O3 _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：6 p. Q" F' @5 i, `) r( emso-font-kerning:0pt">“- M; H1 w* r+ W
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。' V# y$ n; d) X) Qcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。) Q% \# [( r& ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 B* K; l) [7 H/ A. v; O2 E8 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：$ S6 q9 x3 ^0 D5 G! e
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。* K2 g9 X2 ^9 J2 v' P) q7 o
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：* T: U2 ~" f" j7 X0 d% [# X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。- R$ G/ I& A2 V2 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">"1 a J1 y- N/ K7 ` J
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+ f+ W5 z, e# P" R! F; zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：# [0 y0 `, K8 X0 N* Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">"1 G9 z1 R! e5 @6 w) nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 f6 s: W% i, @& m$ S) d; Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢/ S( H0 [2 _9 B* Y+ h6 ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" ) k) C3 O/ d! O. ?* I% ]# k$ R4 |
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: i C3 [4 X# f4 y# p( Q8 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：5 t3 D) Y1 r) r& @ p6 N2 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">" Z$ K( ~* L6 Mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) o6 k9 U/ h" P* M5 A
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。9 ~1 n H; u5 x, omso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是# b# g$ Q& B9 s6 t) l1 h& w( {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得6 n& g0 i( b7 [5 | T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲+ n0 ]! X k, m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，* U4 ]1 r- X/ M- T7 q% M
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7 J1 k7 h! O8 S$ [5 k$ L+ c5 |# dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。! D% s+ H8 C& b3 ~+ ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. n0 T$ R! R8 O, qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ ^' j: W1 G8 [, r- p r W9 g8 t
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。6 v, v+ b, N+ \6 O7 }6 e2 O" xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 x' q) V; A9 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。' Z2 M5 E% N& o$ e3 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- g/ B a3 v1 A" D1 R4 u4 M% TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义8 {& K$ Y2 E* T+ `5 I+ V. tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！$ S" T" O+ j6 C6 S% O. n& S3 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 v; p8 [7 `5 l0 A" Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! x' _5 v" C7 Q# u
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。1 v# C& y* c% Q/ U
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* T/ S; @' I# }- K1 @0 W$ uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述' e: J+ p- c) N) f% x3 g+ U2 M
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% P% A& k, [! b* {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊/ ]+ U; T8 i4 \4 H. ]& D6 e
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* @- m- }4 S9 M! Z, _# sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。3 p( n I0 }# o& C
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。/ z( i ~* D( F. T9 O) z6 j5 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。8 f& d* [! G2 X$ d7 H& v) n5 Y
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, i+ V; ?6 S0 e0 t& P9 G" y% Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说： l' y! s8 ~! r5 T0 f: C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。2 F2 {2 \1 c' R: b& S3 umso-font-kerning:0pt">”' ]8 j0 b1 T" Z. C' [1 W( d
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7 X: f" z) D4 a n7 w+ a3 |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个" Z5 X8 E! \( @: K! f8 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为' c( z" z, R) T8 h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。- Z3 n/ [& m9 J$ ~$ Z. p/ E
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的6 V3 [3 B' I7 Z* d; f
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4 S2 H5 Z4 J: ?3 G V2 j% T& B9 vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思- m3 B$ a6 E6 p6 u F) i$ Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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