跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

- S) }7 V- i+ l0 O4 _) p8 ~ mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网2 r. F! _% o0 I, \ mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ. S; W0 F5 q/ s) G) O) J& ^/ h5 ~' Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 0 @, Q s T% Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。6 Q; a' ^8 L" }# a7 m mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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N( O6 }2 T) R9 [/ W: A$ t, s2 W& ]4 p* m* Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：: x; |6 u. R3 ]9 c/ `% z& v mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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. P6 P% v) S2 g& S: p. Q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

! X! c5 \( l! S; w! ^: |' O font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; $ G9 c% T/ p; e# c! C/ g" ?- Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 |. [" X6 E4 a2 r! bmso-font-kerning:0pt">50 C6 _# T+ t" K2 h6 D+ X: H font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：$ V% q9 X2 E$ p+ O# a& M- { mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2•5 5 Y; j; V3 h* Q, R6 E Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; & U |" s4 b8 C. F% r+ rmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：. C5 V8 i. h. h4 E, c; Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“( N; ]' j% d# D2 r mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。, d3 u) _( z) Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. ~- M! d0 @7 e/ N) D& dmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ! ?2 {& A, U9 n2 Q7 omso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：7 F8 t9 l: c- |) C$ wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' ]3 p2 ` o: A ~1 E% f( v5 L mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。: v1 O, G) ]# O9 e2 b* o6 u color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' P" ?' R. R7 d) _. g9 cTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：* b/ r. l0 H+ ]% k1 f0 y mso-font-kerning:0pt">“' N( O# G5 q, q2 Rmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？ D0 ^7 h; ?9 Z& ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! F; Y. l7 Z7 Kmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：. F, a+ N, X0 L& D8 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“1 H. Z2 g$ P0 G: p# u mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 7 ^. z6 N: O. E5 B5 ~6 amso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。0 H0 l" C* o) H/ ecolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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$ |' V! g( V0 X10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
6 T+ H* N+ c. O, Z/ l1 D4 O0 V! y" C/ S- W9 PTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。* p: f$ c6 A' k4 B5 S, wmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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8 g' s5 K" J/ A. [$ }/ b( H9 E, J Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; / d1 r% B: A* F: D/ cmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：" c1 W: K* a# v: N10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 s7 D& O4 p. V: M& ?) Mmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。6 \9 U: {' z8 x4 H 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”: R- L L7 }4 S2 K# D" |, M( C( B2 wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; ) E! \; c- l/ |7 [6 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：" P' J* D; |6 N' @6 w+ e+ y0pt">"2 |; v$ D7 j/ c9 k7 ^& s+ ? mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。/ p" p9 _3 ^: ?" lmso-font-kerning:0pt">") U' m$ K& u9 h7 n" M* R' w. _1 | font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; % C+ ~# {" c" H8 w' n+ L7 c' t( R3 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：' \* R7 m% ?# H5 L mso-font-kerning:0pt">"9 a: H/ I. f0 F+ t! a% l- cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; $ r. G1 H: |; D: u3 u# U+ {' r- f# [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢 K# @: j- P2 a mso-font-kerning:0pt">?" + w* o* H6 _) D% n& Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：5 ~9 i3 ]* A8 ^: T) H mso-font-kerning:0pt">"! J0 ^- u9 ]' [: kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ; k8 b9 }( q0 D7 e. N0 e& bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。' K: x4 V) [3 ^ mso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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& a! c" {, j2 r+ s- C% G3 E( T8 t10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
1 `8 c- ?$ a& d( @! C+ l4 p! l6 |# n4 f, q! n% t/ @" T% h10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是/ Q) l7 }3 b$ a- |7 U: q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: a/ C; ^6 c* M0 p font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ( P5 S( l% z# ^8 Y1 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违8 }& ~ L) T* o: o 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 ^' E4 T! y1 \6 T& [ D/ Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; : X, r0 b6 M# S. t" {' U! Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？5 |7 F1 W2 c5 \1 O10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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0 n9 J9 q" H; w( I' z7 Y 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
$ V2 ~7 d0 f+ C; i' w' k7 w' I8 B0 iTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得+ k7 R% k; [+ L mso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 u, Q7 @. d$ [$ l font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违. w% k5 Z1 e% ?, v6 W* ^3 d mso-font-kerning:0pt">”* S, N% f7 x$ tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲# b( x& N' x: X5 z+ a( k- D4 X mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 [8 Q8 ~1 u9 g; H9 nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; y$ X* T K+ R5 D6 o' kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违. D, H4 V7 b0 ~% j; N# tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 \8 i# z4 I; u9 F3 M font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，3 ~1 }" k# L' k mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ o7 A! s3 \1 |/ I9 o u font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 1 @% H$ w9 \6 K5 Q& C; dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。% @% y- |/ |" G1 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 d( ^6 @; v' g! ]5 q- [0 X- w2 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 u! c% i+ b9 w" X9 Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。8 F/ B* w/ A, j& Q6 W L1 N mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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, X) o0 S3 v$ O; y3 a; r" |5 [( p9 Q10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 6 K4 m( ^, l0 ]" @4 r7 smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？/ J$ q! | y, I1 z( \. F2 P10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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: N2 D4 K- t, J6 w$ G 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
& G, n3 E, B5 d7 S# U6 C2 [* q9 }3 Q6 T- D! [ Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。! S! x9 u2 t! G7 V6 P+ i, Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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( G+ c" L+ C4 o3 [/ z5 w8 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 5 p; g' r i; p: Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：5 }% s7 s" T+ u- I$ Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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! d% z# d# n N7 _ mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: 9 d |1 O. n7 g) VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义& F. ^- d% a2 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* ~% ]3 v+ P7 j6 p* K) x1 G% D mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！' h- D" m! T. ~3 Q& h" G mso-font-kerning:0pt">——- m6 k/ `) C2 X; P font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ' Z/ c3 w; D" V& ]/ Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。- K+ t4 _( `6 [% v; K/ k% \2 X& b mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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' K5 [& j( c& R$ h0 e. jmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述& H; y$ |. i6 V& k/ J3 O mso-font-kerning:0pt">21 s( @( ]% J9 H font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 6 f6 U* w, q. h; e- f1 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊, G, i0 z# N. J) m& imso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 @5 h4 x1 F! G2 T- nmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。 W$ E6 N5 ]& l4 q1 j& I# b! T9 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 D% Z/ s% w3 ~9 y# P font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。8 W( q& f4 Z, e) ^7 h5 |. Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 f- I$ c6 V. Y) l4 q2 n8 G$ `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：$ }6 M, ?: [" n5 b mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( z" b x, U- R, o* v; N) r0 sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 0 w; q4 T1 N! w# d9 d0 ^+ p4 t0 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。 h4 H% f! `4 J E: ]0 ~ mso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 \: S4 v' C, f- q* Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; " z v& H- B$ w! } e& P( w( gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个2 t6 l$ S0 R6 k0 a4 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: P% o R$ h+ j7 g; {# yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; / T9 s/ ]& j% K6 G G4 w M0 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬; h1 G+ w! @ z mso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 F& o7 p3 P0 @+ ]% W6 tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 1 q2 R2 g, @* B' \4 Q% v& [! @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为: g5 H$ D- I: [: G0 Q' j% A mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% e2 I* O& e- {; M! kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 1 o7 E _9 O3 n- P Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道3 c% H! N( C4 h- W2 y' Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”' e; s( R6 ^# d- X! w- e' Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; $ n0 w; G6 R0 S# {, Z6 H. M; P1 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。4 I9 C- D0 L' c' u ~( ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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7 o1 A; I. N! ?0 M. u( }, S" n/ I mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：1 }5 Y; [- I0 F0pt">

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% A% O8 `4 t+ c$ U mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: & L/ W. W; I' {4 V2 `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的5 f+ j" o& ]/ r6 t1 z* h mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ x9 p5 M1 d) O; Z7 R; X, V4 T/ } font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺8 k1 J) s0 e4 I7 H1 j+ @2 r mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 Y3 E1 T* x5 c, o1 K& |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思% V Y% ~: n) s* M G8 K mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服

我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

# q4 |0 Z9 x3 B  k% @; s2 C贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服