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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网& i& I/ }! N8 b! ~" }+ c. i7 Q
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. Z+ l# i9 @1 k3 j6 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。3 N8 q( ~3 A: A' C& n6 ?. v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第$ J2 m$ d1 Q$ w5 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">5% o0 `5 l+ Q8 r
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4 v3 x4 Z O. y- Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章： b+ {; Q0 f s: t
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：. b9 N8 N7 s/ T, o7 m/ w) _3 s: F
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。" N$ u! O" t/ a$ c gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& r# [+ X" l- W) W$ t+ Q* S# o
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. a' H6 a8 V6 W2 V! e# J; z5 smso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：" g5 ?/ w, P. Q3 }' Z3 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">“% T8 f9 E8 l+ y/ ~. n0 r
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+ Y: T2 J& @6 U( t5 T- Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。" T/ s" m% [+ W0 d1 H
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：' Q5 o5 f4 h+ r" ?! {/ {
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# y6 r' O: d0 [( f/ E% wmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？. P: {0 ^( d0 Z2 Y% f2 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">” v- H, ^' d4 k1 O! n pmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
/ M$ [* ?* v3 P/ Y& {' Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：0 A% ^: t' F7 y9 U, e- n0 W& \. b
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ H R9 c- A3 P! @7 \6 I2 J
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z S. n& r5 m' D2 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。6 J+ O; ^2 m6 x/ I3 B" e
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4 W q& K% F0 C/ W$ jmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：( H7 y! H" ~& \& X& r
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: _ F2 n4 v, A0 U8 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。' N+ u) y4 l' ]8 L# h
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; W' L" H8 ]' B# N5 t# m; Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说： g3 x$ \/ k2 y! e5 g2 r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。/ t( m, j5 d0 f _. ?4 h o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：+ _) _. U; j4 ~. {5 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">". k- F$ F& s% T. |8 d3 E2 x0 h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢, V* g4 H9 c& G
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6 Z n" b: ?5 K2 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：6 E/ b5 K# f ?8 umso-font-kerning:0pt">"6 i4 o2 f+ @" s' ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。( P, Y1 B6 ^: r
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5 d* q! I! ?3 o! v" Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是) ~: d& m7 x5 W3 Q. o2 C% n0 N
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8 p( ~! a) u7 p, v# u! x% Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违& h( G3 o( y9 _/ A9 A10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 f2 W2 S; Y B" g
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得3 \" t( t6 D" Y7 i# s4 O8 U6 Z/ L; ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违8 w0 v9 F) }! w! R9 u. C$ M' C
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& h" |5 D: M: Z/ Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲7 D2 z1 f: M5 s" D+ _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: |7 P5 T0 M+ j6 ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; _7 V$ Q4 w- Y6 n$ `
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违! s; @! D/ j0 V$ T) o% s. i
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5 ], M; F2 X$ l% }6 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，, f; Y. Q% r0 z' z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。! i0 Z6 t3 F9 I: n% smso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 n. s0 ?7 H1 l2 p. n4 ~0 ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- }$ J7 I; j1 g: Z5 \* V# [
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。( P3 E' \" [- }$ b# wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ O! P- h+ v! w; J( hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？ y% D* }4 k) y7 O7 n3 M10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 @+ X* `' g* L& R/ w9 F4 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。' p. A6 ]/ r+ G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义0 O; z2 q) j: A0 u' C5 i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！$ ]; R( P( j# j/ i: H7 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">——; J+ D: d6 _; d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。1 e$ `: p- e/ ^, cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 n3 y; K/ M! Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">夕惕若：5 x& v1 j# V' F% C/ ^& K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述& r( J# X" j% u6 _5 W! Imso-font-kerning:0pt">23 M" n. X* `# K$ z: i' m
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+ C; L9 r; g w5 C3 u/ i8 U3 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊8 Q! X& t# U& z
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6 C. N9 S9 D+ P0 ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。2 D5 g4 ]$ N% j. m8 p/ L
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。2 i3 n" K* s3 \" U" V
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6 C( g; ?+ ^. o9 y- N& ~% _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。' ?% V9 P! _! @- s* g& s0 {* ^* L5 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">——' ]" |6 P: A2 T, Q% ?* @; c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：9 s" f4 y& v- z: O, Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 i4 u% X. E. C. h. ^# |. g$ r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。( B( f1 I* v* I* x7 D2 A& C3 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 Y: f$ e# ` j& x! g2 h
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& s6 w3 m8 w1 o9 `3 w* K0 ?; Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个# ~# Q3 p- k# F- H d) Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* G% c- _; r; X. x) t( a/ lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 B3 K: |1 e6 q: i8 @& |- v V
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬3 ?8 }- a$ A+ P6 E+ E! Z/ s3 j' e& S$ e
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3 S4 _' B5 _4 l7 P3 Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为, Q0 M6 G7 M( x l9 H: pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" v8 O" H6 B0 o2 W8 G) n% Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 C$ B) }- s3 q2 P) d! t/ l
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道6 v( k. P" v8 U4 V& @; S8 }3 R# |- gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 v0 G/ F8 [( w9 n- R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。6 {3 }, ^6 p6 }: i: X& _- W6 B9 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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: ]# j5 x$ f8 aTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的+ n+ Q% Z+ I, i. @$ C1 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思$ X) {( h3 D! O5 x2 [) jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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