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1 Y/ D( j+ j o a6 Y9 @Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网9 c0 R' @: x' o6 f6 W9 q Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ) C9 c6 _5 b# o8 D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。9 n" m. `) l+ T: q! c0 g+ B% Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第* s' _& r- y) Y: O' hmso-font-kerning:0pt">5! \+ C9 b8 N( [. t$ Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. _3 [7 x3 n4 h' V% P; \9 Q
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+ O6 j- b; |/ n0 J' U5 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：) F: Y4 P2 ^" P) `/ X* l! J! X
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, C9 D0 A$ d: q" e3 z$ }7 u& y+ X4 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：0 |' ^- r" T9 S! w2 W, I; qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' R7 q: L# _) i, Vmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;# S2 x7 G5 I% O+ f1 n/ m8 g1 n
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。; B& e: n# B; q3 @
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' r C1 \* e4 I2 w2 ?, bmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。6 e @3 b! k( v1 \color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。- t+ d3 }+ g p7 {1 z' C/ tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 A' f2 M( R1 N0 `/ z! h& Umso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说： D, E/ o0 t% u6 E/ J8 ?. ?! e
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。% C/ `# C. |5 o) y- j. d1 N2 g3 K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：1 \1 `& s4 J* R' G0pt">" m" L& z K4 K; j+ H K0 y* U6 h0 @mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:% T6 r" w2 Q, v6 f% ?, d% }. E, H& i
Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。3 y5 x# V6 U9 D2 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢" O7 Y" ` z' omso-font-kerning:0pt">?" $ h/ g0 J. h7 F s: h
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$ g( r- v7 r D% X4 J: C2 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：1 i: Y4 k' V) V' Smso-font-kerning:0pt">"1 I( M* w% g, g2 [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。9 h' O: q2 u$ W- Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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: _! s; \+ s) I! q# G |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是0 t0 X) m8 Q; V4 `+ Q- g7 x0 D. H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违) k! E. O( _6 G* V10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( p1 F7 ]9 p5 B& V8 @" vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, W. y4 ~/ D- t# K" q
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s# S. X/ A3 _! s V( X _mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得/ j/ v' R4 X# ]0 C
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- X7 |6 c% ` Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违: v6 [4 m, V7 f; |4 c* imso-font-kerning:0pt">”( d! z5 L! p+ T( z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲0 t3 ^! m v+ F+ F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违( p" [8 p% Z) k* _mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 _0 I7 D& M& x" f+ r, {- }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ S% N2 m; f7 }4 x" s: B7 E1 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，0 O5 g# w: m% ^. [3 N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。3 d' \/ _3 L4 ?& e8 h/ G3 ?/ _# pmso-font-kerning:0pt">” h/ S6 i1 _ Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. P0 n# L1 V, C) b7 D9 D
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。; h/ v. B4 H- a# \, ?3 o6 m, a, g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？1 d7 i, c9 X2 F! i$ ]8 R G- ]10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( M3 q/ }/ c0 U" A1 }7 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。, |2 y0 Z, c# [4 {) j# s% O
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+ Y) P0 x' d/ _8 L) Q+ uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义. `; ?/ c* H' q: k& D4 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！9 t2 _" O9 \7 o: G3 j- K$ z' mmso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 E8 u7 W4 \/ s3 ?& _) e# [- T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。7 Z6 j6 _& z* K! g9 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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8 {$ [5 j. h5 c$ z# y" uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述& B9 S6 B5 Z5 F; @ E4 c
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& Y1 u4 V3 ?7 I6 c: x+ e3 Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊; ~& Z" U! t# }4 K3 k8 ~% F
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。6 [0 l: W2 O! D k ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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3 J1 }; V5 r. f) e: lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。0 U k( p& ?( E; N; Z2 L* y2 y( xmso-font-kerning:0pt">——) z% i" y( }) V n" r. b0 S6 zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 r$ p( G& D' x+ B* nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。/ |, S% `( P9 D/ |7 N% _" Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 N. p9 J- J. ?0 Y, P. }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; d$ X- u! v! h7 I# v0 s0 n
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：' N8 w& ~, ~. m: R# ~
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 }8 H! X M& o! k0 U# b9 A4 Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) |" e# r& T- x8 b: a+ @0 Y5 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。* I8 V* }6 R$ V% `$ y
mso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 N; G/ l* K! g7 Q) Y* t( ~- yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ u. _! ~4 T! Z) I" [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个- M* d$ Z4 f, d' B, Q1 L) \9 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, `; V1 S$ B- A3 rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ |8 M" E/ C0 F5 g# b, p
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬8 t: M$ V, e. V! {! o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为( q0 Z9 ?% _; F5 J/ r$ p# d
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' E9 U7 S# A6 H- d9 b. Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道3 l) K6 n8 |+ K6 R6 n- y4 b
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7 ?( h# d# j% D3 gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。5 @1 X5 w! ~7 z3 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的% X0 {9 ?5 d5 s7 h( b; {
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* L/ ^6 p8 H$ A# |# R% Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思6 d, ]9 i5 E2 p; I2 |
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