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# N; B4 D0 h! r4 P/ s D" x# Y$ u9 n) ?Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网, T% u8 B* v+ O2 I& I& i7 T- N$ qmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ/ Z7 x; E7 O; @. X3 r# v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。! v* ^6 r+ A/ e* Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) F, J, k X1 @, S" W6 Z, p( lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：" j9 S: `4 Z- N5 ?' N; D9 emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第8 `3 \1 h" A0 D7 }9 ]/ q
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: @+ ]5 P' R' h% z. Imso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：/ _0 H% W4 R ^9 ~4 C( |
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。, J H6 F( e% e3 S9 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”* j6 @$ ~) c, _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：0 `" ^, w$ T7 Y+ |% E" b; a4 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“, o- Q: l7 \5 s8 {# ]2 C
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, V" e: S+ b' `3 c; i k! A6 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。/ q+ X2 V. c$ a2 q4 ~- b. U
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0 Z6 p+ ?. S' [, I. Q; Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：( X4 u& x) ~, k/ S
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？2 C( v% b# P$ Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! W& @" [( s# W' w! Cmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
$ O0 v2 x0 v1 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：: l9 s1 w" a" e0 x7 q( [
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。8 {$ @' Q7 K# n' y8 U8 jcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。$ f0 o* l" @( z# i$ z
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! e, E' J6 Y$ J% x u; [" V" y/ H0 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：$ P. k4 C( B6 c) w
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& q( g. h% f; X# Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。& D( R/ W; s7 H. i( U7 _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：$ U1 t. H9 n4 V8 S: u0pt">"+ B' l9 M1 U* f6 Q: F
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。4 p4 B7 a2 O" U8 [* G, k3 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 Z! ?' O$ b) G" x1 k2 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：; _ K- N6 ]1 x" t& y% c9 A0 I. m. hmso-font-kerning:0pt">" b2 h8 ]0 y, ?( \/ L8 f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢' s# S+ O( s2 T9 I/ D6 p8 A4 h6 U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：/ @) o; k) D5 l4 T- X- @
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- Z" h3 ]( g. |% M$ Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。& m5 e ^* n$ p9 P! a, I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是. C. G; N, Z" T: w. A; ~* u) @* k10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ @8 D) ~0 K5 rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! ^' J5 G+ d+ l- R3 y
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- S+ x, h3 I0 A0 j6 R! j7 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得+ |5 q: {; G, [/ ^& O' J% x0 S- Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ c7 s3 J( D- vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* u, R" a! r" C0 _5 Z0 k$ z Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违3 P" m% V: e2 |- n+ _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲" O+ D- B# m9 U( _1 [# o9 _* E$ c
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4 O% ~3 Y+ ~* C6 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违: h8 T5 Q5 g: H+ M( W6 m* x) U5 ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，, V2 z2 \ G9 Y' Y$ O1 N& M) [' h9 amso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 x7 H* e6 t6 U6 @: N; D
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8 a5 a4 T8 P( S0 X G+ G5 m5 a Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。# p+ U0 \9 A& T
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。" K/ r" s' ]% Amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？2 G& J4 G1 K4 {0 ^
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" ]6 b. q3 M$ u. e. ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。( O2 ]( E. H6 Q4 ?6 K2 o, Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 C* ^" ]2 J. [; g vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：7 K- f$ B+ D) f5 w# O# f
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义# [: H: n- E) b2 h, a% \mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！# |6 { ]- l# |# t- g" P
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1 L! S4 [+ S3 \9 m& q* K2 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。7 Q/ t/ A6 h; E: Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ s' j0 H! n* b" a; v% C' s3 YTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述3 k# j! \, L; D* imso-font-kerning:0pt">2/ }9 F% U! }, K" T4 m1 f" y
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. S7 T: a, a, ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊+ M4 u9 L' E% U$ i8 X1 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。; I: S/ b/ b/ z7 ?4 w4 I r1 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。: R4 V0 n% N! Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">——+ |3 K6 u c" D' h: s0 e. i: wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* m4 F3 r' l* J% M* Y5 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。5 `: {" _6 k/ _5 B8 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 E% B" u# S* r- C$ ^0 ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% y, O* d5 K* wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：$ x( o& R1 S0 p& J1 |5 ^: ~
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- M( ?- @) V! }3 Z9 h6 C6 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。! [8 C% p' L% X5 ~6 _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个/ X7 R8 D! }2 F# g# i2 h' x
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! W4 T4 _; S8 I* F4 g- jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬4 c- ]% x+ [$ P% \* d* y9 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 b1 f: R `' q; A1 a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为! D* j$ T; G9 _3 u9 d# r" w! R$ v$ J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道' e5 g/ H7 d, [' D& ?! `# e. lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 T8 M- ^: D6 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- V! e) x2 x6 a( a
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。0 u$ k8 t- n2 D- l+ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 M: a3 M. v* t# P3 MTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：7 u+ Z; I$ [6 J) e! e
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B; G1 h6 s7 v6 ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的1 C, j. q; U9 E* h: ?2 p& z2 zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# L. q5 {& d' E' c# ~) W; afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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) t: V6 {! _5 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思8 q; B: c+ i8 d; y& h2 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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